PAGE

INHERITANCE OF PHYSICAL TRAITS IN MAN.
INHERITANCE OF MENTAL TRAITS IN MAN. Feeble-mindedness. Epilepsy.

Insanity.

SUPPLEMENTS TO THE THEORY OF HEREDITY. Multiple factors. Bon-

hote's theory of vigor. Possibility of more than one form of heredity.

CONCLUSION.

CHAPTER XXIII

HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT. .. 362

Two PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENT.

PROBLEM OF THE INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS.

TRUE MEANING OF HEREDITY.

DIRECT EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE GERM CELLS.

PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT GIVES RISE TO Two

SCHOOLS OF REFORM.

TRUE MEANING OF THE PROBLEM.

GALTON'S EARLY STUDIES.

MODERN PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF STATISTICIANS.

ARGUMENTS EMPHASIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT.

CONCLUSION.

THE TRUE NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS.

CHAPTER XXIV

386

GENETIC SELECTION. .

DEFINITION.

THE PROBLEM STATED.

THE FERTILITY OF THE UNFIT.

THE RELATIVE FERTILITY OF DIFFERENT CLASSES.

FERTILITY AND AGE AT MARRIAGE.

THE EUGENIC IDEAL.

METHODS FOR THE RESTRAINT OF THE UNFIT.

RESTRICTING THE BIRTH RATE OF INFERIORS.

STIMULATING THE BIRTH RATE OF SUPERIORS.

CONCLUSION.

PART IV. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

417

CHAPTER XXV

THE SOCIAL SELF AND THE DESIRE FOR

APPROBATION

INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ASSOCIATION.

EGOISY AND ALTRUISM.

INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE DESIRE FOR APPROBATION.

FAVORABLE AND UNFAVORABLE MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DESIRE FOR

APPROBATION.

SOCIAL RESULTS OF THE DESIRE FOR APPROBATION.

PAGE

425

CHAPTER XXVI

SUGGESTION AND IMITATION

IMITATION AND SUGGESTION DEFINED.

DIFFERENT METHODS OF RECEIVING SUGGESTIONS.

REASONS FOR DIFFERENCES IN SUGGESTIBILITY.

THE FORMS OF IMITATION.

THE PROVINCE OF NON-RATIONAL IMITATION.

THE LAWS OF IMITATIVE CHOICE. Ideas vary in power of suggestion.

Imitations proceed from superiors to inferiors. Imitations proceed

from the unilateral to the reciprocal. Imitalions proceed from custom

to convention. Imitations proceed from within outward.

LAWS OF THE SPREAD OF IMITATION. Imitations spread in concentric

circles. Imitations are altered in passing into new environments.

CHAPTER XXVII

OPPOSITIONS

.. 445

THE MEANING OF OPPOSITION.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF IMITATION AND OPPOSITION.

THE SOCIAL VALUE OF OPPOSITION. Opposition is defensive. Opposition

helps to adjust incompatible elements. Opposition promotes group unity.

STRENGTH OF OPPOSITIONS. Depends upon the importance of the question

at issue. Depends upon intensity of association. Depends upon degree

of opposition aroused.

THE CHARACTER OF OPPOSITIONS IS ALTERED IN Two Ways.

REASONS FOR THE CHANGE IN THE NATURE OF OPPOSITIONS.

465

MORALITY

MORALITY USED IN Two SENSES.

THE EVOLUTION OF MORAL Codes.

METHODS OF SOCIAL CONTROL ARE DISTINCT FROM THE MORAL

CODE.

REASONS FOR CHANGES IN MORAL CODES.

THE PROBLEM OF MORAL ATTAINMENT.

SPECIFIC FORMS OF MORALITY.

THE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL MORALITY.

CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO PERSONAL MORALITY.

THE ESSENTIALS OF SEX MORALITY.

CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO SEX MORALITY.

NATURE OF THE HUMANITARIAN VIRTUES.

CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO HUMANITARIAN MORALITY.

SOCIAL MORALITY DISTINGUISHED FROM HUMANITARIAN.

CONCLUSION.

THE NATURE OF ART.

ART AS A SOCIAL PRODUCT.

ART REQUIRES FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION.

THE FIELD OF ARTISTIC EXPRESSION.

ART AS A FACTOR IN SOCIAL PROGRESS.

SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF ART.

CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ART.

INFLUENCE OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT.

INFLUENCE OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.

POLITICAL INFLUENCES.

INFLUENCE OF EDUCATION.

INFLUENCE OF MACHINERY.

CONCLUSION.

CHAPTER XXX

SCIENCE .

EFFECTS OF SCIENCE ON SOCIAL PROGRESS.

INDIVIDUAL CAUSES OF THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE.

PHYSICAL CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE.

SOCIAL CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE.

ORIGINS OF THE VARIOUS SCIENCES. Astronomy. Physics. Chemistry.

Biology. Psychology. Sociology.

ORDER OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENCES.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENCES Shows INTERDEPENDENCE.

SUMMARY.

CHAPTER XXXI

RELIGION ..

CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF RELIGIONS.

DEFINITION OF RELIGION.

RELIGION AND SCIENCE.

RELIGION AND ART.

EFFECTS OF RELIGION.

FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIONS. Influence of the physical

environment. Influence of the mental factor. Influence of social life.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ETHICAL RELIGIONS.

THE FUTURE OF RELIGION.

CHAPTER XXXII

529

551

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

REVIEW OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.

THE FUTURE TREND.

THE INTERACTION OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

CONCLUSION.

INDEX

1

569

PART I

THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL

PROGRESS