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evolutionary problem of the best general organization for society. And the solution of that problem will consist in the elimination of inherited privilege or position with its accompanying system of rigid castes or classes, and the substitution for it of equality of privilege and opportunity, through the establishment of a society based upon voluntary coöperation growing out of a complete system of division of labor. Such an organization of society will be democratic in the broadest sense of the term, because opportunity will be in proportion to ability; and it will also be progressive, because an organization embodying justice will permit the highest degree of individual development.

INDEX
Abnormalities, inheritance of, 343, Artists, conditions favorable to the
345–346.

appearance of, 503.
Abnormals, reproduction of, 387, Ashley, R. L., 176.
390. See also, Degenerates.

Astronomy, 508, 520-522; origins
Acceptivity, 429.

of, 517-518.
Accessibility of peoples, 101.

Athens, art of, 489, 496, 503.
Adaptation, 106, 159; active, 36; Attractive legislation, 202, 205.

conditions of, 37-38; method of, Australia, forms of marriage in,
43; passive, 36; physical, 37-38;

253–254.
process of, 76; social, 39–40. Autogeneric selection, 76, 121, 141,
Aesthetics, see Art.

368.
Age and fertility, 394-396.

Aztecs, 115.
Agriculture, 91-93, 160; advantages
of, 92; effect of on character, 93.

Bagehot, W., 127.
Alternative inheritance, 328–329,

Barriers, physical defects of, 96, 100.
333.

Baudouin, C., 429.
Altitude, effects of, 83-84.

Bebel, A., 290—291.
Altruism, 418-419.

Bechterew, W., 426.
Animals, domestication of, 111-117; Bell, W. B., III.

experiments on, 117; as pets, 119- Bertillon, J., 233, 279, 398.
120; effects on religion, 532.

Biology, 512, 520–525; origins of,
Ancestor worship, 531.

519.
Animism, 530.

Birds, social value of, 118.
Approbation, desire for, 59-60; 63– Births and deaths, relationship of,
64; 417, 420-425.

305-306.
Architecture, 486–487, 494-496, 512. Birth rates, 274; decline of, 277,
Art, 62, 562; application of, 488; 284; by classes, 278-280; by oc-

civic, 489–490; decline of, 499; cupations, 280–292; 391–394; in
defined, 485; development of, 493, the United States, 282–283; of
516; effects of on progress, 490, college graduates, 393-394; of
506; in Egypt, 502; of Athens, foreign born, 311-313; of intel-
489, 496, 503; household, 489; re- lectuals, 408-411; of lower classes,
quires freedom, 487, 501; a social 404-407; of superior classes, 407-
product, 486; and climate, 496– 408; urban and rural, 277-278;
497; and democracy, 502-503, and emigration, 320-321. See also,
506; and education, 503-504, 506; Fertility.
and efficiency, 492; and machin- Blended inheritance, laws of, 328–
ery, 504-505; and morality, 492, 329.
499, 563; and the physical en-

Boas, F., 81.
vironment, 496-498; and sexual Bodart, G., 128.
selection, 243; and the social en- Bogart, E. L., 128–129.
vironment, 498-502; and religion, Bonhote, J. L., 342, 357–358.
537, 538; and science, 485, 510- Booth, C., 172.
511; and war, 502; and wealth, Breasted, J. H., 545.
499-502.

Brinton, D. G., 81, 83, 86.

Brooks, W. K., 24.

Death rate, accidental, 297, 304,
Brownell, J. A., 286.

305; natural, 297; reduction of,
Bruhnes, J., 112.

305; theoretical, 298; and emigra-
Bücher, C., 146.

tion, 320 321. See also, More
Buckle, H. T., 84, 543.

tality.
Burnham, W., 216.

Deduction, 12.
Burt, C., 339.

Degenerates, increase of, 388–389;

marriage of, 235-242; reproduc-
Caird, J. E., 544.

tion of, 526; segregation of, 402;

sterilization of, 403 ; survival of,
Capital, 172.
Carver, T. N., 171.

79-80.
Castle, W. E., 326, 342, 365.

De Lapouge, G., 125, 128.
Cattell, J. M., 393.

Democracy, 557; as the ideal, 29,
Chase, H. W., 365.

36; causes of, 186–189; and art,
Chemistry, 520, 522; origins of, 518.

502-503, 506.
Cities, association in, 236; centers

Density of population, 148–149;
of revolution, 187; birth rate in,

affects democracy, 187; affects

degree of oppositions, 453, 460;
277-279; produce leaders, 378;

affects division of labor, 556;
and morality, 480. See also, Den-

affects spread of imitation, 441-
sity of population.
Class conflicts, 166-167, 184, 189.

442; and law, 200. See also,

Cities.
Class system, 163.

Desire, the cause of progress, 57.
Classes, characteristics of, 380; de-

Desire for approbation, 59-60, 63-
fined, 168; development of, 27;
essential equality of, 377–381.

64, 425; abnormal manifestations
Climate, effects of 84-89, 97-99; and

of, 420, f.; effects of on society,

422-423; nature of, 417, 420.
art, 496-497; and religion, 543 ;

Desire for race continuance, 59,
and science, 512-513. See also,
Environment.

209–211; nature of, 209.

Desire for self-preservation, 59, 73;
College graduates, fertility of, 393-

applied to the group, 75; forms
394.

of, 73; normal and abnormal
Commerce, conditions favorable to,

manifestations of, 75; social man-
96; in the United States, 96.

ifestations of, 76; strength of, 73-
Communication, effects of means of,

74.
Competition, 142.

Desires, classified, 59, 66–67; com-

plexity of, 58; development of,
Comte, A., 520; classification of the

65; physical, 59-60; psycholog-
sciences, 6, f.

ical, 60-69.
Congenital traits, 326.
Consciousness of life, 59, 61-65.

Despotism, in states, 185.

Dexter, E. G., 84, 87.
Correlation, coefficients of, 332–334;
coefficients of and heredity, 359;

Discussion, $1.

Dispersion, 44.
defined, 331.

Division of labor, 514, 567; as a
Crouzon, 83.

basis for social organization, 154-
Custom, 191, 194, 433.

155; causes of, 146-150; develops

the individual, 153; increases pro-
Darwin, C., 230.

duction, 150–152; influences de-
Davenport, C. B., 244, 246–248. mocracy, 155-156; results of, 150–
Davenport and Weeks, 349, 352. 158; stimulates progress, 158;
De Greef, G., 494, 558.

and group conflict, 460; and sex,
Deaf mutes, marriage of, 247.

229.

IOI.

Divorce, 259, 270; rate, 245.
Dog, social value of, 114, 118.
Domestic animals, numbers of,

112; uses of, 112-113, 115-120.
Domestic plants, 112; uses of, 112-

113.
Domestication of animals, 90, III;

results of, 113–120, 160.
Dominance, Law of, 340–342.
Dress, as aesthetic expression, 488.
Drinkwater, H., 343.
Dublin and Whitney, 108.
Dumont's theory of population, 293.
Dunlap, K., 238.
Dunlop, J. C., 395.
Durkheim, E., 153, 200.

Epilepsy, inheritance of, 349–353.
Eugenics, defined, 369, 385, 387;

ideal of 397-401; practical meas-
ures of, 401-413, and immigra-
tion, 404, 407. See also, Genetic

selection.
Evolution, changes in method of,

81; conscious direction of, 386–
387; important facts of organic,

20; and progress, 10.
Eye-color, inheritance of, 344.

Economic activities, 76.
Economic interpretation of history,

558, 569.
Economic organizations, problems

of, 565.
Economics, 5, 519, 527.
Education, 46; effects of, 372, 383;

influence of on art, 503-504, 506.
Egoism, 418-419.
Egypt, art in, 502.
Elderton, E. M., 247, 312, 337.
Ellis, H., 391.
Ellwood, C. A., 3.
Emigration, affects increase of pop-

ulation, 417–418; character of,
316; effects of, 316–324; and
birth rate, 320–321; and death
rate, 320-321; and standard of
living, 317; and struggle for life,

319.
Environment, affects survival of

states, 183; effects of, 81, 102,
559; effects of: on art, 496–498;
on blood, 83; on distribution of
population, 97; on germ cells,
567; on heredity, 358, 369, 381,
385; on the nervous system, 84;
on occupations, 89; on pigmenta-
tion, 82; on religion, 541-544, 548;
on science, 512-513; on stature,
81-82; forms of, 76; influence of,
373–376, 382–384; social, 39–40;
two problems of, 362–369. See

also, Climate.
Environmentalists, 369.

Family, the, 552-553, 555, 560, 566;

factors determining the forms of,
256; functions of, 252; future of,
271, 273; influence of economic
conditions on, 258–266; present
tendencies of, 269–272; primitive,
255-256, 258, 266; stability of,
476–478; and individual develop-

ment, 256. See also, Marriage.
Farrabee, W. F., 343.
Feeble-mindedness, 391; inheritance

of, 347–353.
Fertility, of classes, 391–394; of

degenerates, 389–391; and age,
394-396; and individual develop-
ment, 384-385. See also, Birth

rates.
Fetichism, 531.
Fiske, J., 113, 115, 509.
Fol, H., 246.
Fraternity, as the social ideal, 3,

422.
Freedom, as the ideal, 28.
Furniture, 504-505.
Future life, character of, 542-543;

as means of social control, 539–
540.

Galton, F., 246, 328-330, 333, 337-

338, 377, 381, 391, 394, 396; laws
of inheritance, 328–332; and Lab-
oratory of National Eugenics,

390.
Geddes, P., 214.
George, H., 292.
Genetic selection, defined, 386; prob-

lem of, 386–387. See also, Eu-

genics.
Geneticists, 369.

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