quarrelling as to who first proposed going to the white men's camp, and thus causing an Indian to be killed. A lot of the Indians wanted to kill the two who had returned, believing that they were the cause of the other's death, but they finally decided to allow them to live. This was the first blow received by the Indians on the east side of the Bradshaw Mountains, and I believe it happened in the year 1864.

"Shortly afterwards about sixty or seventy Indians had a council and decided to make some raids on the white ranchmen and prospectors along the foothills of the Bradshaw Mountains, so they went to a place on the Big Bug Creek, about four or five miles above the present town of Mayer. The Indians were up on a hill, looking down into the valley, and saw a man go into a house. They did not see any more white men so some of them went down close to the house. Some of the Indians said that the white man must have seen them first, and for that reason he went into the house and could see them through the window. Some of them said no, that it was not so, and they wanted to kill that man, and that if there was anybody afraid to go down to that house, they could stay away; they were out to fight any enemy they came across and they were going down to get that white man. So about twenty-five Indians went towards the little house. Three of them got to one end of it and were looking in through some cracks in the wall, but the white man was in an upper room and raised a window and shot down at the Indians. He killed one and wounded another, and the others ran off. They held quite an argument as to whether or not they would try to kill just

that one lonely man. He was in a place where he could stand off many men all day long, and the Indians only had two or three firearms among them, and the rest being armed with bows and arrows.

"It was finally decided to return to their camp at Government Gap, and there was much dissatisfaction among the people because one man got killed and the rest did not stop to see to his body. Those who had first proposed making war and raids did not care to go any farther, and finally the relatives of the man who got killed were given presents and they got over, their hard feelings, but the old camp was broken up. Some of the Indians went south, some went across the Verde River, and some went over towards Squaw Peak towards the ranges of the Ball Mountains. The parents and relatives of the Indian who was killed were the only ones left in the old camp, and they burned up everything belonging to the dead man. This is the way the Indians did when any persons were killed or died. Everything belonging to the dead was destroyed. It is a religious belief among the Apaches, and there are other tribes that do more than destroy the clothing of the dead and kill the animals owned by him, they even try to kill some one else. It may look strange, but it is true that the Indians used to burn their dead and everything that the person owned, whether he died a natural death or got killed in battle. If he owned several head of horses, every one of them must be killed and burned. Should he get killed by someone belonging to another tribe his relatives must have vengeance and will go out and make a raid on the other tribe. For many

years after a man or woman died or got killed, no one dared to mention his or her name. It is an insult to the relatives of the dead person to mention the name before them, and if it is done it often causes trouble. If a young man is married and dies and the woman is left alone, she must live with the family of the deceased until the mother or father of the dead person selects some young man to give her to. This must not be done within a year after the time of the death of the man, and the widow must be strictly good in all her life until she goes to marry some one else. If there is a boy in the family the widow has to stay close with the family until the little one is old enough to get married, and if she should become a bad woman, or marry some one else without the consent of her father-in-law or mother-in-law, then the old mother-in-law will get her and will cut off her nose, which will spoil her looks and she will be no more respected. It is the same with a widower. He has to keep in close touch with his father-in-law and his motherin-law, and if there are any other girls in the family he is supposed to take one of them for his wife, but if he happens to get another woman outside of his deceased wife's family, there will be great trouble about it. Among the Apaches a girl is given to a man for a wife when she is quite young, maybe only about six years old, and when a man is seen carrying a child on his back when travelling or driving, that girl is supposed to be his wife, and will be some day, and it is the same way yet among certain classes of the Apaches.

"Dela-cha was a great warrior, and the Apaches under him were a brave band. He, his

son-in-law, Dar-ka-gia-ya, meaning 'His Body Big and Fat that it Shakes,' and another young fellow went off down towards the Gila River, where there were many settlements of the Maricopas. They were gone three days and returned with twelve head of ponies. They drove them all night and finally reached their mountains, the Superstitions. There was a gap there that they went over, and they came to a deep gulch and some caves. They drove the horses all night and did not rest all the way. The chief told the young men to go back to the gap and look out over the country to see if there were any enemies on their trail, for they had stolen the horses, and somebody might have followed them. So the young man, Bar-as-ka-yat-yat-a, meaning, 'Small Greasy Man,' soon returned from his watch and reported that he could see nothing and thought it would be safe to take a little sleep as they had had hard work driving the ponies and were very sleepy, so they all agreed to go and lay down and take a rest. The old chief was just warning the young men to not sleep too sound, as he said there was no telling just when their enemies would jump them. The young men went to sleep but before the chief did he heard the sound of horses' hoofs and some talking. In a few moments the enemy came in sight, yelling at him. He had tried to wake the young men but they were sleeping so sound that he had to shake them well before he could wake them. He told them to run for their lives but to keep together so that they could stand off their enemies. The chief had a pistol and his son-inlaw had a gun, and they told the young men not to get far away from them because the Pimas,

who were chasing them, liked to get a man by himself so that they could fight him alone, but if three or four kept together and shot back at them, the Pimas and Maricopas would never get close enough to harm them. One of the young men, however, was half asleep when he started to run, and he soon found himself alone, and about fifty Pimas surrounded him and got him into a bunch of rocks from where he kept shooting at them for a while until he had used all his arrows, then the Pimas rushed in and killed him. The chief and his son-in-law succeeded in reaching a high point where they could look down at the Pimas, and kept shooting at them until they had killed ten or fifteen of them. The Pimas finally went away, and after they had gone the chief and his son-in-law went down and found the dead body of the other man in the rocks. There was a narrow ravine near the gap and as the Pimas had left and taken the horses back with them, the two men hastened to get to this ravine. On each side of the ravine there were steep rocks that gave much advantage for an ambush. When about fifteen or twenty of their enemies who had dismounted and were leading their horses had crept up to within a few yards of them, they made sure shots at them with their pistols, and after they had emptied their pistols they used their rifles. They saw six lying on the side of the road and the rest were busy getting on their ponies to get out of the way as fast as they could. The horses were left behind and the Pimas did not try to protect their wounded. The chief's son-in-law ran down and recaptured six of the horses. The chief kept up the shooting at the Pimas until they were about half a