Aetat. 49.] Profits on THE IDLER. 335 To The Idler, when collected in volumes', he added, beside the 'Essay on Epitaphs' and the 'Dissertation on those of Pope',' an Essay on the 'Bravery of the English common Soldiers.' He, however, omitted one of the original papers, which in the folio copy is No. 223. 'TO THE REVEREND MR. THOMAS WARTON. 'DEAR SIR, 'Your notes upon my poet were very acceptable. I beg that you will be so kind as to continue your searches. It will be reputable to my work, and suitable to your professorship, to have something of yours in the notes. As you have given no directions about your name, I shall therefore put it. I wish your brother would take the same trouble. A commentary must arise from the fortuitous discoveries of many men in devious walks of literature. Some of your remarks are on plays already '1761. Oct. 14, I set of The Idler. £0 5 0. Johnson, as Newbery's papers show, a year later bought a copy of Goldsmith's Life of Nash; ib. p. 405. 2 See ante, p. 306. 3 This paper may be found in Stockdale's supplemental volume of Johnson's Miscellaneous Pieces. BOSWELL. Stockdale's supplemental volumes-for there are two-are vols. xii. and xiii. of what is known as 'Hawkins's edition.' In this paper (Works, iv. 450) he represents in a fable two vultures speculating on that mischievous being, man, who is the only beast who kills that which he does not devour,' who at times is seen to move in herds, while 'there is in every herd one that gives directions to the rest, and seems to be more eminently delighted with a wide carnage.' 1 printed: 336 Mr. Langton as an undergraduate. [A.D. 1758. printed but I purpose to add an Appendix of Notes, so that nothing comes too late. 'You give yourself too much uneasiness, dear Sir, about the loss of the papers'. The loss is nothing, if nobody has found them; nor even then, perhaps, if the numbers be known. You are not the only friend that has had the same mischance. You may repair your want out of a stock, which is deposited with Mr. Allen, of Magdalen-Hall; or out of a parcel which I have just sent to Mr. Chambers for the use of any body that will be so kind as to want them. Mr. Langtons are well; and Miss Roberts3, whom I have at last brought to speak, upon the information which you gave me, that she had something to say. '[London] April 14, 1758.' 'TO THE SAME. 'I am, &c. 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'DEAR SIR, 'You will receive this by Mr. Baretti, a gentleman particularly intitled to the notice and kindness of the Professor of poesy. He has time but for a short stay, and will be glad to have it filled up with as much as he can hear and see. 'In recommending another to your favour, I ought not to omit thanks for the kindness which you have shewn to myself. Have you any more notes on Shakspeare? I shall be glad of them. I see your pupil sometimes*: his mind is as exalted as his stature 5. I am half afraid of him; but he is no less amiable than formidable. He will, if the forwardness of his spring be not blasted, be a credit to you, and to the University. He brings some of my plays with him, for 1 'Receipts WARTON.-BOSWELL. 'Then of Lincoln College. Now Sir Robert Chambers, one of the Judges in India.' WARTON.—Bos WELL. แ the militia and Greek. Shakespeare! "Why," said I, "Madam, he is of such a length, he is awkward and not easily moved." "But," said she, "if he had laid himself at his length, his feet had been in London, and his head might have been here eodem die." Boswelliana, p. 297. 3 Old Mr. Langton's niece. See post, July 14, 1763. 'Mr. Langton.' WARTON.-BOS WELL. 5 Boswell records :- Lady Di Beauclerk told me that Langton had never been to see her since she came to Richmond, his head was so full of Part of the impression of the Shakespeare, which Dr. Johnson conducted alone, and published by subscription. This edition came out in 1765.' WARTON.-BOSWELL. Aetat. 49.] Experience compared with expectation. 337 which he has my permission to shew you, on condition you will hide them from every body else. '[London,] June 1, 1758.' 'I am, dear Sir, &c. 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'TO BENNET LANGTON, ESQ., OF TRINITY COLLEGE, OXFORD. 'DEAR SIR, "Though I might have expected to hear from you, upon your entrance into a new state of life at a new place, yet recollecting, (not without some degree of shame,) that I owe you a letter upon an old account, I think it my part to write first. This, indeed, I do not only from complaisance but from interest; for living on in the old way, I am very glad of a correspondent so capable as yourself, to diversify the hours. You have, at present, too many novelties about you to need any help from me to drive along your time. 'I know not any thing more pleasant, or more instructive, than to compare experience with expectation, or to register from time to time the difference between idea and reality. It is by this kind of observation that we grow daily less liable to be disappointed'. You, who are very capable of anticipating futurity, and raising phantoms before your own eyes, must often have imagined to yourself an academical life, and have conceived what would be the manners, the views, and the conversation, of men devoted to letters; how they would choose their companions, how they would direct their studies, and how they would regulate their lives. Let me know what you expected, and what you have found. At least record it to yourself before custom has reconciled you to the scenes before you, and the disparity of your discoveries to your hopes has vanished from your mind. It is a rule never to be forgotten, that whatever strikes strongly, should be described while the first impression remains fresh upon the mind. 'I love, dear Sir, to think on you, and therefore, should willingly 1 Stockdale records (Memoirs, ii. 191), that after he had entered on his charge as domestic tutor to Lord Craven's son, he called on Johnson, who asked him how he liked his place. On his hesitating to answer, he said: "You must expect insolence.' He added that in his youth he had entertained great expectations from a powerful family. “At length," he said, "I found that their promises, and consequently my exVOL. I. Ꮓ pectations, vanished into air. . . But, Sir, they would have treated me much worse, if they had known that the motives from which I paid my court to them were purely selfish, and what opinion I had formed of them." He added, that since he knew mankind, he had not, on any occasion, been the sport of such delusion; and that he had never been disappointed by anybody but himself.' write 338 A violent death. [A.D. 1759. write more to you, but that the post will not now give me leave to do more than send my compliments to Mr. Warton, and tell you that I am, dear Sir, most affectionately, 'June 28, 1757'' 'Your very humble servant, 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 'TO BENNET LANGTON, ESQ., AT LANGTON, NEAR SPILSBY, 'DEAR SIR, LINCOLNSHIRE. 'I should be sorry to think that what engrosses the attention of my friend, should have no part of mine. Your mind is now full of the fate of Dury2; but his fate is past, and nothing remains but to try what reflection will suggest to mitigate the terrours of a violent death, which is more formidable at the first glance, than on a nearer and more steady view. A violent death is never very painful; the only danger is lest it should be unprovided. But if a man can be supposed to make no provision for death in war, what can be the state that would have awakened him to the care of futurity? When would that man have prepared himself to die, who went to seek death without preparation? What then can be the reason why we lament more him that dies of a wound, than him that dies of a fever? A man that languishes with disease, ends his life with more pain, but with less virtue; he leaves no example to his friends, nor bequeaths any honour to his descendants. The only reason why we lament a soldier's death, is, that we think he might have lived longer; yet this cause of grief is common to many other kinds of death which are not so This, and some of the other letters to Langton, were not received by Boswell till the first volume of the second edition had been carried through the press. He gave them as a supplement to the second volume. The date of this letter was there wrongly given as June 27, 1758. In the third edition it was corrected. Nevertheless the letter was misplaced as if the wrong date were the right one. Langton, as I have shewn (ante, p. 247), subscribed the articles at Oxford on July 7, 1757. He must have come into residence, as Johnson did (ante, p. 58), some little while before this subscription. He of the first regiment of foot-guards, passionately Aetat. 50.] The death of Johnson's mother. 339 passionately bewailed. The truth is, that every death is violent which is the effect of accident; every death, which is not gradually brought on by the miseries of age, or when life is extinguished for any other reason than that it is burnt out. He that dies before sixty, of a cold or consumption, dies, in reality, by a violent death; yet his death is borne with patience only because the cause of his untimely end is silent and invisible. Let us endeavour to see things as they are, and then enquire whether we ought to complain. Whether to see life as it is, will give us much consolation, I know not; but the consolation which is drawn from truth, if any there be, is solid and durable; that which may be derived from errour must be, like its original, fallacious and fugitive. I am, dear, dear Sir, your most humble servant, 'Sept. 21, 1758.' 'SAM. JOHNSON.' 1759: ÆTAT. 50.]-IN 1759, in the month of January, his mother died at the great age of ninety, an event which deeply affected him'; not that 'his mind had acquired no firmness by the contemplation of mortality; but that his reverential affection for her was not abated by years, as indeed he retained all his tender feelings even to the latest period of his life3. I See post, 1770, in Dr. Maxwell's Collectanea. 2 Hawkins's Life of Johnson, p. 365. BOSWELL. 'In the beginning of the year 1759 an event happened for which it might be imagined he was well prepared, the death of his mother, who had attained the age of ninety; but he, whose mind had acquired no firmness by the contemplation of mortality, was as little able to sustain the shock, as he would have been had this loss befallen him in his nonage.' 3 We may apply to Johnson in his behaviour to his mother what he said of Pope in his behaviour to his parents :-'Whatever was his pride, to them he was obedient; and whatever was his irritability, to them he was gentle. Life has among its soothing and quiet comforts few things better to give than such a son.' Johnson's Works, viii. 281. In The Idler of January 27, 1759 (No. 41), Johnson shews his grief for his loss. 'The last year, the last day must come. It has come, and is past. The life which made my own life pleasant is at an end, and the gates of death are shut upon my prospects. . . . Such is the condition of our present existence that life must one time lose its associations, and every inhabitant of the earth must walk downward to the grave alone and unregarded, without any partner of his joy or grief, without any interested witness of his misfortunes or success. Misfortune, indeed, he may yet feel; for where is the bottom of the misery of man? But what is success to him that has none to enjoy it? Happiness is not found in self-contemplation; it is perceived only when it is reflected from another.' In Rasselas (ch. xlv.) he makes a sage say with a sigh :-' Praise is to Z 2 have |