to cross the Maumee at the usual ford, and then surround the Indians, who were led by the celebrated chief, Little Turtle. Before this could be effected the Indian encampment was aroused, and a part of them fled. Some of the militia and the cavalry who had passed the ford started in pursuit, in disobedience of orders, leaving the regulars, who had also passed the ford, unsupported, when the latter were attacked by Little Turtle and the main body of the Ind

ians a short distance up the St. Joseph's. They were compelled to fall back in confusion towards the ford, and followed the remnant of the regulars in their retreat. The Indians did not pursue. The whole expedition then returned to Fort Washington.

Ohio River as the Indian boundary. At- ians, and driven back with great slaughtempts to make a peaceable arrangement ter. Meanwhile the militia and cavalry were unsuccessful. The Indians would pursuers were skirmishing with the Indlisten to no terms; and in September, 1790, General Harmar led more than 1,000 volunteers from Fort Washington (now Cincinnati) into the Indian country around the head-waters of the Maumee (or Miami), to chastise the hostile Indians. He did not succeed. He found the Indians near the head of the Maumee, at the junction of the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's rivers, late in October, 1790. Four hundred men were

detached to attack them, of whom sixty were regulars, under Major Wyllys. These reached the Maumee after sunrise on Oct. 23. Militia under Major Hall proceeded to pass around the Indian village at the head of the Maumee, and assist, in their rear, an attack of the main body on their front. The latter were

Harmony Society. A communistic so- Henry Clinton, in which exception was inciety settled at Economy, near Pittsburg. cluded Robert Howe. He was the chief George Rapp, the head of the society, constructor of the constitution of North was born in Würtemburg, Germany, Oc- Carolina, framed in 1776, under which tober, 1757; died at Economy in 1847. Harnett became one of the council; and Rapp and a few of his adherents sailed in 1778 he was elected to Congress. While for America in 1803, and founded the the British held possession of the country town of Harmony in Pennsylvania. In adjacent to Cape Fear River in 1781, Har1814 they established the town of New nett was made prisoner, and died in conHarmony in Indiana, selling their old finement, April 20, 1781. His dwelling home for $100,000. In 1824 they sold the was a fine old mansion, about a mile and town of New Harmony and 20,000 acres a half from the centre of the city of Wilof land to Robert Owen for $150,000, and mington, N. C., on the northeast branch made a new settlement in Pennsylvania of the Cape Fear River. which they named Economy. Originally Harney, WILLIAM SELBY, military offieach family retained its property, but in cer; born in Louisiana in 1798; entered 1807 they established a community of the army while quite young; was in the goods and adopted celibacy. As the soci- Black Hawk War; and was made lieutenety did not seek new members, it rapidly ant colonel of dragoons in 1836. approached extinction, and in 1903 their years later he was colonel. He served in membership was so reduced that they gave the FLORIDA, or SEMINOLE, WAR (q. v.), up commercial life and sold their property and in the war with Mexico. In 1848 he for $2,500,000. was brevetted brigadier general for his Harnett, CORNELIUS, statesman; pre- services in the battle of CERRO GORDO sumably born in North Carolina, although (q. v.). He was promoted to brigadiersome authorities say in England, April general in 1858, and placed in command 20, 1723; became owner of a large estate of the Department of Oregon; and in near Wilmington, being a man of considerable wealth. He was influential in his State, and was among the first to

HARNETT'S HOUSE.

Ten

July, 1859, took possession of the island of San Juan, near Vancouver, which England claimed to be a part of British Columbia, and which the United States soon afterwards evacuated. Harney then commanded the Department of the West; and in April, 1861, while on his way to Washington, he was arrested by the Confederates at Harper's Ferry, Va., and taken to Richmond. He was soon released, and, on returning to St. Louis, issued proclamations warning the people of Missouri of the dangers of secession. In consequence of an unauthorized truce with Price, the Confederate leader, Harney was relieved of his command. He retired in August. 1863; was brevetted major-general, United States army, in March, 1865; and was a member of the Indian Commission in 1867. He died in Orlando, Fla., May 9, 1889.

denounce the Stamp Act and kindred measures. He was a leading man in all pub- Harper, IDA HUSTED, author; born in lic assemblages as the Revolutionary War Fairfield, Ind.; received a collegiate eduapproached; was president of the provin- cation; conducted the women's department cial congress in 1775; and on the abdica- in the Terre Haute Saturday Evening Mail tion of the royal governor (Martin) be- and in the Fireman's Magazine for came acting governor of the State. He twelve years; managing editor of the was excepted in an offer of pardon to the Terre Haute Daily News, and later was inhabitants of North Carolina by Sir on the editorial staff of the Indianapolis

News, McClure's syndicate; and the New of $13,000,000, and citizens of Chicago a York Sun. She was one of the speakers total of about $7,000,000. He is the auat the International Congress of Women thor of Elements of Hebrew Syntax; in London in 1899; chairman of the Inter- Hebrew Vocabularies; An Introductory national Press Committee for five years; New Testament, Greek Method (with Reand author of Life and Work of Susan B. vere F. Weidner), etc., and associate Anthony and History of Woman Suffrage editor of The Biblical World; The Amerto the Close of the Nineteenth Century ican Journal of Theology; and The Amer(with Susan B. Anthony). ican Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature.

Harper, ROBERT GOODLOE, Senator; born in Fredericksburg, Va., in 1765; removed to North Carolina, and towards the close of the Revolutionary War served as a trooper under General Greene; graduated at Princeton in 1785; admitted to the bar in 1786; and served in Congress from 1795 to 1801. During the War of 1812 he was in active service, attaining the rank of major-general. Afterwards he was elected to the United States Senate from Maryland, to which place he had removed upon his marriage with the daughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, but resigned in 1816, when he was the Federal candidate for Vice-President. He published an Address on the British Treaty in 1796, and a pamphlet on the Dispute between the United States and France in 1797. He died in Baltimore, Md., Jan. 15, 1825.

Harper's Farm. See SAILOR'S CREEK. Harper's Ferry, a town in Jefferson county, W. Va.; 49 miles northwest of Washington; at the junction of the Shenandoah and Potomac rivers; the scene of several stirring events during the Civil War period. Within twenty-four hours after the passage of the ordinance of secession by the Virginia convention, April 17, 1861, the authorities of that State set forces in motion to seize the United States armory and arsenal in the town, in which the national government had 10,000 muskets made every year, and in which from 80,000 to 90,000 stand of arms were generally stored. When the secession movement began, at the close of 1860, measures were taken for the security of this post. A small body of United States dragoons, under the command of Lieut. Roger Jones, was sent there as a precautionary measure. After the attack on Fort Sumter, rumors reached Harper's Ferry that the government property there would be speedily seized by the Virginians. The rumors were true. On the morning of April 18 the military commanders at Winchester and Charlestown received orders from Richmond to seize the armory and arsenal that night. They were further ordered to march into Maryland, where, it was expected, they would be joined by the minute-men of that State in an immediate attack on Washington. About 3,000 men were ordered out, but only about 250 were at the designated rendezvous, 4 miles from the Ferry, at the appointed hour-eight o'clock in the evening-but others were on the march. The cavalry, only about twenty strong, were commanded by Captain Ash

Harper, WILLIAM RAINEY, educator; born in New Concord, O., July 26, 1856; graduated at Muskingum College in 1870; principal of the Masonic College, Macon, Tenn., in 1875-76; tutor in the preparatory department of Denison University, Ohio, in 1876-79, and principal there in 1879-80. In the latter year he became professor of Hebrew in the Baptist Union Theological Seminary at Chicago, where he continued till 1886, when he was called to the chair of Semitic languages in Yale University. In 1891 he became president of the University of Chicago, also taking the chair there of Semitic languages and literature. In 1903 the university had 347 professors and instructors; 4,463 students in all departments; 80 fellowships; 200 scholarships; 367,440 volumes in the library; 2,200 graduates since organization; $9,204,195 by. When the detachment was within a in productive funds; $2,437,663 in bene- mile of the Ferry, there was suddenly a factions (previous year); and $982,610 in flash and explosion in that direction. This ordinary income. For various purposes was quickly repeated, and the mountain John D. Rockefeller had given the uni- heights were soon illuminated by flames. versity up to the end of 1903 an aggregate Ashby dashed towards the town,and soon re

lisle Barracks, in Pennsylvania. Lieutenant Jones had been secretly warned, twenty-four hours before, of the plan for seizing the post that night. There were indi. cations all around him of impending trou. bles. Trains of powder were so prepared that, at a moment's warning, the powder in the magazine might be exploded, and the government buildings be set on fire. Word came to Jones, at near ten o'clock at night, that 2,000 Virginians were within twenty minutes' march of him. The trains were fired, and the whole public property that was combustible was soon in ashes. Then Jones and his little garrison fled across the Potomac, and reached Hagerstown in the morning, and thence pushed on to Chambersburg and Carlisle Barracks. Jones was highly commended by his government. The Confederate forces immediately took possession of ruined Harper's Ferry as a strategic point. Within a month fully 8,000 Virginians. Kentuckians, Alabamians, and South Carolinians were there, menacing Washington.

Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was

Department of Pennsylvania, was rapidly gathering a force at Chambersburg, Pa., under Gen. W. H. Keim. A part of the Confederates at the Ferry were on Maryland Heights, on the left bank of the Potomac, and against these Patterson marched from Chambersburg with about 15,000 men in June, 1861. Just at this moment commenced Wallace's dash on Romney, which frightened Johnston, and he abandoned Harper's Ferry, and moved up the valley to Winchester. Before leaving he destroyed the great bridge of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway at the Ferry with fire and gunpowder. It was 1,000 feet long. Then he spiked the heavy guns that could not be taken away, and encamped a few miles up the valley. Patterson, who was at Hagerstown, Md., pushed on, and on June 16 and 17 about 9,000 of his troops crossed the Potomac by fording it at Williamsport. These were led by Brig.-Gen. George Cadwalader, at the head of five companies of cavalry. At that moment Patterson received orders by telegraph then from General Scott, at Washington, to send

Franklin followed the same route as McLaws from Frederick to Pleasant Valley; the remainder of the Union Army that of Longstreet from Frederick to Boonesboro, and thence to the Antietam. The arrows show the direction of the march. Where two or more letters come together, it indicates that the several bodies followed the