appeared to have been used instead. The doorway of this date in the south porch had to be taken down to obviate the necessity of steps inside the church; and an exact copy, so far as possible, is placed in its stead. The base of a font of this period was found underneath that which has been of late used, and a new one, exactly reproducing so much as was discovered of the old, is erected of Mansfield Woodhouse Stone. The other, a large octagonal basin, unpierced, with rough foliage after an Early English pattern, is buried in the churchyard about twenty-four feet in front of the south porch. The nave of the church was rebuilt in the sixteenth century, with the addition of the north aisle,* and the floor of the church raised about eighteen inches to suit it; for, upon again clearing out the floor to the old level, it was found that this part had never been excavated, and the north wall had consequently to be underbuilt nearly its whole length. The church at this time, with the tower, was probably raised, and had a low battlemented parapet added. This existed round the chancel until the repairs and new roof of 1856, and portions of the remainder were found to be re-used for jambs in the windows of 1777. Large quantities of worked stones have been discovered belonging to square-headed windows of the date and character of the Guilsfield clerestory, and one slightly raised in the centre as in an existing specimen at Newtown. not aware that anything else has been noticed except some stones belonging to arches of an earlier date than the present, some of which had traces of colour and diaper-work upon them. No foundations of an arcade continuing the south wall of the chancel such as would account for the curious ground-plan of the church were observed. I am I may add, that the recent alterations have been effected under the direction of Mr. Street, R.A., at an expense of nearly £4000. The reredos, of alabaster and Irish marble, is the costly gift of the Countess of Powis. The brass lectern has been presented by Miss Corrie of Dysserth, as a memorial of her brother, Lieutenant Samuel Corrie, of the 18th Royal Irish, who died in 1867. The restored font has been given by the Hon. and Rev. John R. O. Bridgeman, Rector of Weston-under-Lysiard, and Mrs. Bridgeman, the only child of Archdeacon Clive, for forty-five years the Vicar of this parish, in memory of their daughter Georgina, who died at the age of six. It bears the inscription:-" Filia pientissimæ grati ergà Deum quod paulister frui licuit parentes fecerunt. A.D. MDCCCLXXI." * In the Herbert pedigree at Powis Castle, there is a memorandum opposite the name of Sir Edward Herbert, who purchased Powis Castle in 1585, that he "built the gallery of Pool Church, 1588." This would probably be the rood loft or organ gallery. From 1728 to 1738 a gallery war was carried on, in which the gallery won the victory, and survived until the rebuilding of 1773, when it came down, and another, bigger and more hideous still, took its place till 1822, when Archdeacon Clive swept it finally off. On Tomen-yr-Allt* and Tomen-Cefnllawr.† By J. GRAHAM WILLIAMS, Author of British Encampments. From an examination of the prints of these tomens kindly sent me by the Honorary Secretary, Mr. M. C. Jones, and comparing them with the following tomens, viz., Tomen-y-Mur, co. Merioneth, Tomen Dolbenmaen, and Tomen Nevin, co. Čarnarvon, I am induced to think they were all erected as mounds of judicature, the same as the Tynwald Mound in the Isle of Man is now used for the assembling of their Parliament under the name of the House of Keys, and not, as many suppose, as mounds of offence or defence, or even as sepulchral mounds. Josephus gives us the best description of these mounds that has yet been written. He says "Let there be one temple, and one altar, not reared of hewn stones, but such as you gather together at random, which stones, when they are whited" (the origin of the white stone of precedency of the bards) "over with mortar, will have a handsome appearance and be beautiful to the sight. Let the ascent to it be not by steps, but by an acclivity of raised earth." This is explained in the following note. "The law, both here and in Exodus xx, 25, 26, of not going up God's altar by 'ladder steps,' but on an acclivity, seems not to have belonged to the altar of the Tabernacle, which was in all but three cubits high; nor to that of Ezekiel, which was expressly to be gone up to by steps, but rather to occasional altars of any considerable altitude and largeness. The reason why these temples, and these only, were to have this ascent on an acclivity and not by ladder steps is obvious, that before the invention of stairs such as we now use, decency would not be otherwise provided for in the loose garments which the priests wore as the law required." Therefore the Tomens in Wales are made after the model adopted by Moses; that in the Isle of Man, after that adopted by Ezekiel, of a later period. I hope these few suggestions as to the original use of these Tomens will induce some member of your learned society to take up the subject in a scientific and archæological point of view, and prepare papers on this subject for publication. Penllyn, Pwllheli, Sept. 28, 1871. * Montgomeryshire Collections, vol. iii, p. 158. + Ibid., vol. iv, p. 53. I am informed there is another similar Tomen in the immediate vicinity of the railway station at Welshpool. The following DONATIONS to the POWYS-LAND MUSEUM were exhibited at the Meeting. BRONZE : Presented by (1)* MORRIS C. JONES, F.S.A. (1870). 1. Four bronze Torques found at Llanrhaiadr (see Montgomeryshire Collections, vol. iii, p. 419). Presented by (2) E. ROWLEY MORRIS (1870). 1. A bronze celt found in the parish of Trefeglwys. Presented by (3) J. GRAHAM WILLIAMS (1871). 1. A bronze celt found in the Cefncoch sheepwalk, Cardiganshire. Presented by (1) MORRIS C. JONES (1870). 2. A bronze spearhead, one of those found at Rhallt (see Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 432). 3. A bronze javelin-head found at Llanymynech (see Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 433). Presented by (4) MISS LUXMOORE (1870). 1. A bronze Roman fibula found by John Williams, Pant, Llanymynech, whilst digging at the root of a plum-tree, four feet below the surface of the ground. 2. Ancient ring found at Llanymynech. IRON : Presented by (5) Rev. D. P. LEWIS, Vicar of Guilsfield (1871). 1. Fragment of a sword found at Gaervawr in the late Vicar Luxmoore's time. Presented by (6) WILLIAM FISHER, Maesfron (1871). 1. Part of a sword found on Offa's Dyke near Llandrinio. 2. Another found near Pool Quay when the Cambrian Railway was being made. Presented by (2) E. ROWLEY MORRIS (1870). 2. Part of a sword found near Newtown. Presented by (7) EDWARD HAMER (1870). 1. A pikehead found at Llanidloes. * Each donor's name has a large number prefixed, and each of his donations is numbered consecutively with a small number. This is done for the identification of each donation when they shall be properly arranged hereafter. Presented by (1) M. C. JONES, (1870). 4. A rapier found at Dolforwyn Castle near Newtown. 5. A battle-axe, alleged to have been found near Oswestry, but which is pronounced to be a modern antique. STONE:- Presented by (8) Rev. G. EDWARDS, Rector of Llangadfan (1871). 1. A stone hatchet, found at Llangadfan. 2. An ancient quern, found at Llangadfan. 3. Two tiles from off the old church. Presented by (9) W. BOYD DAWKINS, F.R.S. (1870). 1. A stone implement found on Breiddyn Hill. Presented by (10) T. W. HANCOCK (1870). 1. Two ancient spindle whorls found at Llanrhaiadr. Presented by (7) EDWARD HAMER (1870). 2. One ancient spindle whorl found on the grounds of Cwm-byrNant farm, in the parish of Trefeglwys. Presented by (11) Rev. J. J. TURNER, M.A. (1871). 1. Another found near Pentreheylin, in the parish of Llandisilio. Presented by (2) E. R. MORRIS. 3. Fragment of carved stone from the site of Strata Marcella Abbey. Presented by (1) MORRIS C. JONES. 6. The like from Buttington Hall Chapel. Presented by (6) WILLIAM FISher. 3 to 7. Four trays containing a large number of geological speci mens. MISCELLANEOUS : Presented by (12) WILLIAM MORRIS (1870). 1. Piece of Gibraltar rock. 2. Piece of rock from Callicuchy, East Indies, South Arcot district. 3. Piece of marble from Syria. 4. Ordinary flooring mosaic from the city of Ephesus (1870). 5. Mosaic from the top of St. Sophia, Constantinople (1870). 6. Silk pod gathered from a tree at Cuddalore, near Madras, East Indies (1869). Presented by (7) EDWARD HAMER (1870). 3. Fragment of Samian ware found at Caersws. Presented by (4) MISS LUXMOORE (1870). 3. Bowl of ancient tobacco-pipe. Presented by (13) The MISSES EVANS, Greenside House, Wavertree, Liverpool (1871). 1. An ancient Roman lamp found at Pompeii. Presented by (14) MISS MATTHEWS. 1. Cinerary urn or drinking cup found at Aberbechan, Montgomeryshire (see Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 426); and photographs of three others found in Wales. Presented by (15) HENRY PARRY, Newtown and Welshpool Express. 1. Ancient oak carving, with inscription, "Moliant-ir-Arglydd" (Praise the Lord). COINS, Roman, found in Montgomeryshire : Presented by (4) MISS LUXMOOre. 4. Coin found on Breiddin Hill in 1863, "3 brass, Constantine the Younger." Presented by (16) RICHARD GILLART. 1. Silver coin, one of those found at Cilhaul, Trefeglwys (see Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 417.) Presented by (17) CAPT. CREWE READ, R.N. 1. Coin found at Caersws, pasian, very much defaced." 66 a second brass coin of Titus or Ves Presented by (18) RICHARD WILLIAMS, Newtown. 1. Brass coin found at Domen Mill, Welshpool, very much defaced, either "Hadrian or Commodus.' 2 & 3. Two small colonial brass coins, also found there. Other COINS found in Montgomeryshire : Presented by (19) Rev. J. E. HILL, Vicar of Welshpool (1870). 1. Nuremberg token, found in Welshpool Church during its restoration in 1870. Presented by (20) JOHN JONES, Parish Clerk (1870). 1. French Jeton. 2. Nuremberg token. 3. to 5. Three seventeenth century tokens of Charles Humphreys, town illegible. Also found in Welshpool Church. Presented by (7) EDWARD HAMEr (1870). 4. Silver penny, Edward I, found at Llanidloes. 5. Half crown, James II (1785). 6. Llanidloes penny token "Glanclywedog factory" (1813). Presented by (21) Rev. AUGUSTUS FIELD, M.A., Vicar of Pool Quay (1871). 1. Copper penny token, "London, Liverpool, and Anglesea," found at Elm Cottage, Welshpool. Presented by (4) MISS LUXMOORE (1870). 5. Copper coin, "Henricus Francorum et Navar. Rex." |