Bodega y Cuadra; but he mistook the nature of the main passage to southern waters, the mouth of which he named Ensenada de Caamaño. Sent northward in boats, his men discovered also the secondary northern channel, Boca de Fidalgo, now Rosario Strait. The details of his survey are best shown on the appended copy of his chart."

Though Quimper was the first discoverer of all this region, the names applied by him were with a single exception not permanent; Squim Bay should bear his name rather than that of Budd or Washington. On the 18th of July he turned westward and followed the southern shore of the strait to the ocean, taking formal possession on the 1st of August at Port Nuñez Gaona, or Neah Bay, as he had at several points be

Chart made by the piloto, Gonzalo Lopez de Haro; copy obtained by the United States Government from Madrid, and published in Reply of the United States...1872, in connection with the San Juan boundary dispute. For convenience I have omitted in my copy the western portion of the strait. The names on the part omitted in their order from the entrance eastward are as follows: North shore, Pta Bonilla, Pto de S. Juan or Narvaez, Rio Sombrio, Pta Magdalena; south shore, Pta de Martinez, Pta de Rada, B. de Nuñez Gaona, Ens. de Roxas; below the entrance on the Pacific are Pta de Hijosa and Boca de Alava. Mt Carmelo and sierra of S. Antonio are in the northeast and south-east, just beyond the limits of my copy.

FURTHER OF COLNETT.

243

fore. On leaving port the sloop steered for Nootka, but she could not make the port, and was driven southward. Finally on August 13th she gave up the effort and turned her prow toward Monterey, where she anchored on the 2d of September. Her consort, the San Carlos, as we have seen, arrived at the same port on the 15th, and Quimper and Fidalgo reached San Blas together in November."

Only one vessel besides those of the Spanish expedition just described is known to have visited the Northwest Coast in 1790; that one was the Argonaut, in which Captain Colnett after his release sailed from San Blas, probably in August. He had on board the crews of both vessels, and an order for the delivery of the Princess Royal at Nootka, but on reaching that port he did not find the sloop. He believed the Spaniards had deceived him intentionally;10 but we have seen that unforeseen circumstances had com

pelled Quimper to sail southward earlier than had been intended, and he had probably passed Colnett on the way. It was said that the irate Englishman, notwithstanding his distress, obtained a valuable lot of furs before he left Nootka." However this may have been, Colnett left the coast and, miraculously as he thinks, arrived safely at Macao. The next year he received his sloop from Quimper at the Hawaiian Islands. Thus, though the Spaniards had obtained a few skins in the course of their explorations, the fur

The full act of possession is given in the diary. Neah Bay is erroneously stated by Greenhow, Davidson, and others to be the Poverty Cove of the American traders, but Gray's Poverty Cove was on the northern shore. See last chapter; also Haswell's Log, MS., 93. Greenhow, Or, and Cal., also implies that the name Canal de Guemes was given by Quimper, and states that he returned to Nootka, though this author seems to have seen the original diary.

9

9 Quimper, Segundo reconocimiento de la entrada de Fuca y costa comprendida entre ella y la de Nootka, hecho el año de 1790, MS., in Viages al Norte de Cal., No. 11. To this diary and table is added a long account of the Nootka region, its people, language, etc., including an account translated from one prepared by Mr Ingraham of the Columbia in 1789.

10 Colnett's Voy., 101. He says that the orders of the Spanish commander (Quimper), which he saw when he met him later, showed that it had been impossible to meet him at Nootka; but this is not very intelligible.

11 Cuadra, in Vancouver's Voy., i. 388.

trade had been practically suspended for the year. Captain Kendrick might have reaped a rich harvest in the Lady Washington, but he was never in haste, and lost the season by remaining in China engaged in other schemes.12

13

Commander Elisa had remained at Nootka with the garrison; and his ship, the Concepcion, had wintered there. On February 4, 1791, the San Carlos was despatched from San Blas under the command of Alférez Ramon Antonio Saavedra y Guyralda, with Juan Pantoja y Arriaga as piloto, arriving at Nootka after a long and stormy passage late in March. Elisa had orders to complete his exploration of the coast from

Mount St Elias in the north to Trinidad in the south.14 He accordingly transferred himself to the smaller vessel, left Saavedra in charge of the Concepcion and garrison, and sailed on May 5th. The San Carlos was accompanied by the schooner Santa Saturnina, or Horcasitas, under José María Narvaez.15 The winds compelled the explorers to direct their course southward instead of to the north, as they intended. About fifteen days were spent in a careful examination of

12 Haswell, Log of the Columbia, MS., 7, says he 'began to make his vessel a brig. This operation being under his directions, took such a length of time that he lost his season.' Greenhow tells us Kendrick had been engaged, since 1789, in various speculations, one of which was the collection and transportation to China of the odoriferous wood called sandal, which grows in many of the tropical islands of the Pacific, and is in great demand throughout the Celestial Empire. Vancouver pronounced the scheme chimerical; but experience has proved that it was founded on just calculations.' Kelley, letter of January 1, 1810, in Thornton's Or. Hist., MS., 89, incorrectly states that Kendrick had remained over from 1789, and in the winter of 1790 built a Fort Washington at Mawinah, making a trip into the Fuca Sea later. All this is a confused allusion to earlier and later events.

13 Navarrete, Viages Apóc., 115, says that the two vessels suffered much, until the Princesa had to be sent south with 32 sick men, suffering with scurvy, etc. But this does not agree at all with the facts as shown by Quimper's diary, since it is hardly possible that the sloop went back to Nootka in the winter after reaching San Blas in November 1790.

14 Particularly the entrada de Bucareli, strait of Fonte, port Cayuela, boca de Carrasco, strait of Fuca, entrada de Heceta, and port of Trinidad.

15 The presence of this schooner at Nootka is not explained; neither is it anywhere stated what had become of the North West America, or Gertrudis of 1789. Later the Santa Saturnina and Horcasitas are mentioned as distinct vessels.

Cayuela, or Clayoquot, and the adjoining region.16 Then the snow entered the strait of Fuca, and on May 29th anchored in Quimper's port of Córdoba, while the schooner first explored the Boca de Carrasco, in Barclay Sound. From Córdoba the boat was first sent out under the second piloto, José Verdia, to survey the Haro Channel; but the hostile actions of the natives, some of whom were killed, caused the party to return. On June 16th, however, Narvaez having arrived, the schooner and launch, prepared for defence, again entered the channel, and continued their search in this and subsequent entrances until August 7th. What they accomplished is best shown by the accompanying copy of their chart.

In the south-east Elisa added nothing to Quimper's survey beyond discovering that the bight of Caamaño was the entrance to an unexplored southern channel; but eastward and north-westward a very complete examination was made of the complicated maze of islands and channels, into the great gulf of Georgia, which was named the Gran Canal de Nuestra Señora del Rosario la Marinera, and up that channel past Tejada Island to 50°. Several inlets extending eastward and north-eastward into the interior were discovered, which might afford the desired passage to the Atlantic, but their exploration had to be postponed for a later expedition. Several names, such as San Juan, Güemes, Tejada Island, and Port Los Angeles, are retained on modern maps as applied by Elisa, while others given by him and Quimper, such as Rosario, Caamaño, Fidalgo, and Córdoba, are still

16 Pantoja, with the launch, from the 11th to the 19th, explored what is called the north-west mouth of the port. The names applied were bocas de Saavedra, gulf of San Juan Bautista, canal de San Antonio, port an Isidro, is and San Pedro, bay San Rafael, canal de San Francisco, bocas de San Saturnino, canal de San Juan Nepomuceno, and the great ports of Güemes and Giralde. The schooner had meanwhile explored the northern mouth and several branches, but no names are given.

17 On Vancouver's map the name was applied to the channel between Tejada Island and the main, why is not known; and for some equally mysterious reason the name was again transferred in later years by Eng.ish geog raphers to the narrow southern strait that still bears it.