His diction is certainly poetical as it is not prosaick, and elegant as it is not vulgar. He is to be commended as having fewer artifices of disgust than most of his brethren of the blank song. He rarely either recalls old phrases or twists his metre into harsh inversions. The sense however of his words is strained; when he views the Ganges from Alpine heights; that is, from mountains like the Alps. And the pedant surely intrudes, but when was blank verse without pedantry? when he tells how Planets absolve the stated round of Time.

It is generally known to the readers of poetry that he intended to revise and augment this work, but died before he had completed his design.' The reformed work as he left it, and the additions which he had made, are very properly retained in the late collection. He seems to have somewhat contracted his diffusion; but I know not whether he has gained in closeness what he has lost in splendor. In the additional book, the "Tale of Solon" is too long.

One great defect of his poem is very properly censured by Mr. Walker, unless it may be said in his defence, that what he has omitted 2 was not properly in his plan. "His picture of man is grand and beautiful, but unfinished. The immortality of the soul, which is the natural consequence of the appetites and powers she is invested with, is scarcely once hinted throughout the poem. This deficiency is amply supplied by the masterly pencil of Dr. Young; who, like a good philosopher, has invincibly proved the immortality of man, from the grandeur of his

1 In the Aldine Akenside, The Pleasures of Imagination is printed, as it was first published in 1744, and also as enlarged and published in 1772 by Mr. Dyson.

2 Mr. Dyce inquires whether if Johnson and Walker had "carefully perused the work, could they have overlooked among other passages of similar tendency, Bk. i. p. 489." Ald. Akenside, p. lxxix, and reminds us that Johnson acknowledged that he was unable to read this poem through. Boswell's Johnson, vol. ii. p. 161.

conceptions, and the meanness and misery of his state; for this reason, a few passages are selected from the "Night Thoughts," which, with those from Akenside, seem to form a complete view of the powers, situation, and end of man.” "Exercises for Improvement in Elocution," p. 66.1

His other poems are now to be considered; but a short consideration will dispatch them. It is not easy to guess why he addicted himself so diligently to lyrick poetry, having neither the ease and airiness of the lighter, nor the vehemence and elevation of the grander ode. When he lays his ill-fated hand upon his harp, his former powers seem to desert him; he has no longer his luxuriance of expression, nor variety of images. His thoughts are cold, and his words inelegant. Yet such was his love of lyricks, that, having written with great vigour and poignancy his "Epistle to Curio,' "2 he transformed it afterwards into an ode disgraceful only to its author.

3

Of his odes nothing favourable can be said; 3 the sentiments commonly want force, nature, or novelty; the diction is sometimes harsh and uncouth, the stanzas ill-constructed and unpleasant, and the rhymes dissonant, or unskilfully disposed, too distant from each other, or arranged with too little regard to established use, and therefore perplexing to the ear, which in a short composition has not time to grow familiar with an innovation.

To examine such compositions singly, cannot be required; they have doubtless brighter and darker parts: but when they are once found to be generally dull, all further labour may be spared; for to what use can the work be criticised that will not be read?

1 By John Walker (1732-1807), the philological writer, author of the Pronouncing and Rhyming Dictionaries, etc.

2 Ald. Akenside, p. 171.

3 It was of a splendid edition of Akenside's works that Johnson said, "One bad ode may be suffered; but a number of them makes one sick." -Boswell's Johnson, vol. ii. p. 161.

GRAY.

PREFATORY NOTE.

The references to Works in the notes to this Life are to the edition of

Gray's Works by Edmund Gosse. 4 vols. post 8vo, 1884.

GRAY.

HOMAS GRAY, the son of Mr. Philip Gray, a scrivener of London, was born in Cornhill, November 26, 1716. His grammatical education he received at Eton under the care of Mr. Antrobus, his mother's brother, then assistant to Dr. George; and when he left school, in 1734, entered a pensioner at Peterhouse in Cambridge.1

The transition from the school to the college is, to most young scholars, the time from which they date their years of manhood, liberty, and happiness; but Gray seems to have been very little delighted with academical gratifications; he liked at Cambridge neither the mode of life nor the fashion of study, and lived sullenly on to the time when his attendance on lectures was no longer required. As he intended to profess the Common Law, he took no degree.

When he had been at Cambridge about five years, Mr. Horace Walpole, whose friendship he had gained at Eton, invited him to travel with him as his companion. They wandered through France into Italy; and Gray's Letters contain a very pleasing account of many parts of their journey. But unequal friendships are easily dissolved: at Florence they quarrelled, and parted; and Mr. Walpole

1

2

2

Gray matriculated pensioner of Peterhouse, 7th Dec., 1734.

Of the reconciliation with Walpole Gray wrote to Mr. Chute, Oct. 12th, 1750: "I find Mr. Walpole then made some mention of me to you; yes, we are together again. It is about a year, I believe, since he wrote to me to offer it, and there has been, particularly of late, in appearance,