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In order to meet the demand for men competent to organize production wisely and from a business viewpoint, more courses will be given in what we may call production management or commercial engineering. Furthermore, the sales engineer must be trained. The curriculum of the course of collegiate grade should be made up somewhat as follows:

A two years' prescribed course in the general sciences and in general principles of business, followed by a two or three year curriculum in technical business management, on the one hand, including especially accounting, cost accounting, wage systems, employment management, and some branch of engineering on the other hand. The engineering course should be general but thorough. It should not go up into specialized fields of design, but it should include all the fundamental courses of engineering of mechanical, electrical, and civil engineering. A combination course in engineering and business management is needed also to prepare men for places in banks as investment managers. The banks must advance funds to industrial concerns, and such loans cannot be made wisely save upon the advice of one who is thoroughly acquainted with plant management, equipment, and mechanical operations as well as costs of production and market possibilities. In addition, such a man must be well acquainted with systems of accounting and methods of preparing financial statements. In the field of salesmanship, engineering training is growing in importance. In short, the highly organized state of modern production and the tremendous part played by engineering in modern industry indicate the need for a close coördination of business and engineering education.

In conclusion we may say that business education is now at the stage where it has its own technology, is in close touch with other fields of technology, and is making its contribution to the general fund of modern culture. Texts and scientific treatises in the field of business are increasing, the pedagogy of the various included subiects is receiving satisfactory attention, and schools of collegiate and

university grade are keeping abreast of the demands of the business world for adequate general and specific training in business.

College of the City of New York

FREDERICK B. ROBINSON

BIBLIOGRAPHY

COOLEY, E. G. Vocational Education in Europe. Commercial Club of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 1912. Chapters on Vocational Education in General, Commercial Schools, and the Conclusion. FARRINGTON, F. E. Commercial Education in Germany. The Macmillan Company, 1914.

HERRICK, C. A. Meaning and Practice of Commercial Education, and other works in the Macmillan Commercial Series, 1904. There is an excellent bibliography on the whole subject of commercial education as an appendix to Herrick's Commercial Education. HOOPER, FREDERICK, and GRAHAM, JAMES. Commercial Education at Home and Abroad. The Macmillan Company, 1901. There are numerous contributions on particular aspects and general methods and special methods in commercial subjects. The best printed bibliography of these is in the back of Herrick's book. A typical work on methods is Klein and Kahn's Methods in Commercial Education.

INDEX

INDEX

Accountancy. See Business Edu-

cation

Adapting course of study, 95–97,
202, 244, 480, 572
Adler, Felix, 323, 325
Esthetic aim, in teaching, 52,
92; in music, 470
Aims, in teaching, 48-54; modi-
fied for different students, 54;
in organization of knowledge,
65; in teaching biology, 88-
94; in teaching mathematics,
172; in physical education,
184-190; in teaching econom-
ics, 217-220; in teaching Amer-
ican history, 218; in teaching
political science, 282-287; in
teaching philosophy, 304; in
teaching ethics, 320-328; in
teaching psychology, 337; in
teaching English literature,
380-384, 422-423; in teaching
classics, 405; in teaching Ro-
mance languages, 426-427; in
teaching music, 460-462, 467;
of art instruction, 478; in
teaching engineering subjects,
508-511; in teaching mechan-
ical drawing, 525-527; in
business education, 559. See
Civic, Disciplinary, Utilitarian
Allen, J. T., 411
Angell, J. B., 30

Application of knowledge, 72
Art, 475-497

Art instruction, 475

Athletics. See Physical educa-
tion

Author's life, in literary study,
385

Biological basis of education, 85-
87, 94, 364
Biology, 85-109

Brown, E. E., 358
Brown University, 5
Business education, 555-577
Butler, N. M., 30, 404

Calkins, Mary W., 339
Canby, H. S., 42

Case method, in political science,
292; in philosophy, 316; in
ethics, 329; in psychology,
338-340; in commercial law,
572-573

Cattell, J. M., 30
Chemistry, 108-125
Chronological viewpoint in his-
tory, 257

Citizenship, training for, 282
Civic aim in economics, 219
Classics, 404-423; in Colonial
colleges, 5-6; status in college
teaching, 404; through the
vernacular, 418; through an-
cient authors, 421
Coeducation, 18–21

College teaching, why ineffective,
46-48

Collegiate Institute, 4
Colonial period, 3

Columbia University, 5, 8
Commercial education.

ness education

Commercial law, 571-572

See Busi-

Committee on standards of Amer-
ican universities, 42

Comparisons in teaching, 70
Composition and journalism, 546
Composition teaching, status of,
390. See English

Correlation, 70, 151, 156-157,
297, 295-297, 314

Course of study, 477, 481-485,
486-490; in biology, 95-98;
logical and psychological, 103;
in chemistry, 111; in physics,

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