Shallow Subterranean Habitats: Ecology, Evolution, and ConservationOxford University Press, 2014 - 258 strani Shallow subterranean habitats (SSHs) are areas of habitable space that are less than 10 m in depth from the surface. These range from large areas such as shallow caves and lava tubes, to tiny areas such as cracks in ceilings, or spaces in soil. Whilst being very different in many ways, they are often bound together by shared characteristics of the habitats and their faunas, and their study can help us to understand subterranean habitats in general. This book concentrates on the more typical SSHs of intermediate size (seepage springs, spaces between rocks, cracks in lava etc.), describing the habitats, their fauna, and the ecological and evolutionary questions posed. Similarities and differences between the habitats are considered and discussed in a broader ecological and evolutionary context. The book is mainly aimed at students and researchers in the field of subterranean biology, but will also be of interest to a wider range of ecologists, evolutionary biologists, freshwater biologists, and conservationists. There will also be an audience of environmental professionals. |
Vsebina
1 The shallow subterranean domain | 1 |
12 Shallow subterranean habitats | 3 |
13 General features of shallow subterranean habitats | 9 |
14 Features of SSHs of general ecological and evolutionary interest | 16 |
15 Overview of chapters | 19 |
16 Summary | 21 |
2 Seepage springs and the hypotelminorheic habitat | 22 |
22 Chemical and physical characteristics of the hypotelminorheic | 24 |
102 Environmental variation in SSHs | 165 |
103 Are SSHs extreme environments? | 169 |
104 Summary | 170 |
11 Organic carbon and nutrients in shallow subterranean habitats | 171 |
112 Sources of organic carbon and nutrients in SSHs | 173 |
113 Amount and pattern of spatial subsidies of organic matter in SSHs | 174 |
114 Are SSHs carbon or nutrient limited? | 175 |
115 Summary | 176 |
23 Biological characteristics of the hypotelminorheic | 30 |
Box 22 Estimating species richness | 36 |
24 Summary | 39 |
the soilrock interface in karst | 40 |
33 Biological characteristics of epikarst | 48 |
Box 31 Methods for collecting epikarst fauna | 51 |
34 Summary | 69 |
4 Intermediatesized terrestrial shallow subterranean habitats | 71 |
42 Chemical and physical characteristics of intermediatesized terrestrial SSHs | 73 |
43 Biological characteristics of intermediatesized terrestrial SSHs | 82 |
Box 41 Collecting in intermediatesized terrestrial SSHs | 84 |
44 Summary | 92 |
5 Calcrete aquifers | 93 |
53 Biological characteristics of calcrete aquifers | 97 |
Box 51 Biological sampling of calcrete aquifers | 101 |
54 Summary | 105 |
6 Interstitial habitats along rivers and streams | 106 |
62 Chemical and physical characteristics of the hyporheic | 109 |
63 Biological characteristics of hyporheic habitats | 114 |
Box 61 Collecting devices for hyporheic habitats | 118 |
64 Summary | 126 |
7 Soil | 128 |
72 Chemical and physical characteristics of the soil | 129 |
73 Biological characteristics of the soil | 131 |
Box 71 Collecting the soil fauna | 135 |
74 Summary | 141 |
8 Lava tubes | 142 |
82 Chemical and physical characteristics of lava tubes | 143 |
83 Biological characteristics of lava tubes | 147 |
9 The role of light in shallow subterranean habitats | 158 |
93 Summary | 163 |
10 Environmental fluctuations and stresses in shallow subterranean habitats | 164 |
Box 111 Guano | 177 |
12 Evolution of morphology in shallow subterranean habitats | 179 |
122 Morphology of SSH species | 180 |
123 A new look at troglomorphy | 184 |
124 Summary | 187 |
13 Colonization and dispersal in shallow subterranean habitats | 188 |
132 What causes animals to enter and colonize SSHs? | 189 |
133 What factors contribute to the success or failure of colonizations? | 190 |
134 Allopatric versus parapatric speciation | 192 |
135 Postisolation biogeography | 193 |
136 Summary | 199 |
14 Phylogeny in shallow subterranean habitats | 200 |
143 Cave and SSH opilionids in western USA | 202 |
145 Proasellus isopods along hyporheic corridors | 205 |
146 Scorpions in caves leaf litter and soil | 206 |
147 Phylogeny and troglomorphy | 208 |
148 Summary | 209 |
15 Conservation and protection of shallow subterranean habitats | 211 |
152 Biological risk factors | 212 |
1522 Other biological risk factors | 214 |
153 Physical threats to the SSH fauna | 215 |
154 A landscape approach to conservation and protection of SSHs | 217 |
155 Examples of conservation and protection of the SSH fauna | 218 |
156 Summary | 224 |
16 Epilogue and prospects | 225 |
162 What divides SSHs? | 226 |
164 SSH terminology | 227 |
165 What about troglomorphy? | 229 |
231 | |
251 | |
Druge izdaje - Prikaži vse
Shallow Subterranean Habitats: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation David C. Culver,Tanja Pipan Omejen predogled - 2014 |
Pogosti izrazi in povedi
amphipod animals aphotic aquatic beetles calcrete aquifers Canary Islands carbon and nutrients cent chapter Collembola colonization copepods Cueva Culver and Pipan Culver and Tanja cycle deep subterranean depth dispersal drip pools dytiscid ecotone environmental epigean epikarst eyeless eyes and pigment fauna Figure genus groundwater guano habi Hawaii hyporheic zone hypotelminorheic habitats interstitial isopods karst lava flows lava tubes layer leaf litter morphological MSS habitats MSS sites Niphargus number of species occur Organ Cave organic carbon organic matter Oromí pattern Pipan and Culver populations range region relative result Rhône River River rock Růžička samples sediments seepage springs shallow subterranean habitats Slovenia soil speciation species richness SSH species SSHs stream stygobionts stygobionts and troglobionts Stygobromus subsurface subterranean species surface habitats Table talus talus slopes Tanja Pipan temperature Tenerife terrestrial SSHs tion troglobionts troglomorphic typically variable Western Australia Yilgarn