North Carolina-dec. of indepen-| 154 139 McLean, judge 157 358 Nullification-see state rights; Mr. 140 Pascalis Dr. Partridge, capt. 56, 140, 172, 201, 241 N. Nails, cut, first made 441: wrought 442 222 Removals-see appointments, and 428, 443 Robbery, see mails-by bees Rowan Mr. 275 273, 313 7,57 157 299 173 299 241 68 Russia. Odessa, an Am. vessel arrives 240 171 93 Navigation extraordinary 222 New Jersey-dispute with N. Y. Perjury, decision on Peru-differences with England 96 Rush, Richard, an admirable letter from 241 Spain, &c. 155 230 Sherman, R. M. 434 Ships, large ones 62, 91; wrecked 127 whale 192 141 Silk manufacture-see manufactures. 7 134 Silver, value 2; plenty 105, 353. reflux of 386 463 Pinckney Charles, in the federal con- Skeleton, living 94 75 Slave-ship captured 332 Pirates and piracy, various 276, 443 Slaves liberated 157; origin of the African 276 Smuggling, attempts at 7, 157 tion of mayor Philosophers, congress of vention ty Plutarch's lives, noticed Politics for farmers 172 New York (state)-dispute with N. 331: Utica bank 321 172 7 Stanhope's calculator 103 State rights-see nullification, &c. opinion Southern convention, noticed 425 357 250 221 227 South Carolina. Convention meetings 3; on 145, 272, 273; made in France 272; came | Sumpter, general Treasury of the U. S.--see congress. Cir- 74 Susquehannah bridge, rebuilt 337 Stephenson, Roland 384 463 Steam and steam boats. The Carroll 6; 358 Treaty with Prussia 14; Brazil 33; at 49 125 Watmough, John G. Weather, state of Webster, Mr. at Salem Wernwag's bridge 218, 333 7 74 West Indies-British; facts and remarks Trotting, rapid na V. 6 Values, circulation of 204 Van Buren, Mr. declines a public dinner 5; Tappan A. donation by Tea cases, the last one Telegraphs in France 273 221 97, 338 Vegetable wonders 24 Vermont--damages in a lottery case 232; Wilkinson, Jeremiah, Winans' friction wheels Wirt, Mr. his opinion on Indian affairs 19, Witness objected to 125, 170, 385 103 Wool German 203, Australasian 224; in 459 Working classes in Paris 59 442 W. Wright, John C. 335 173 Waring, Henry dies Wright, Frances 63 205 Washington, gen, a friend of the tariff 17; FOURTH SERIES. No. 1-VOL. III.] BALTIMORE, AUG. 28, 1830. [VOL. XXXIX. WHOLE NO. 989 THE PAST THE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED, PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. LES & SON, at $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. The twenty-six numbers being completed, we, rather inadvertently, closed the last volume, though the month of August has not yet expired. We would prefer the new volume to have commenced in September, for more easy reference as to dates; but the extra sheets that we gave in the last six months, (with the heavy supplement in the press and now nearly finished, containing the speeches ou Mr. Foot's resolution in the senate of the United States), had already rendered the volume too large-and we are reconciled to the result, intending to furnish twenty-seven regular numbers for the new volume, so that the usual period may be regained. guet rates at five cents the yard-so the material costs We ald, for a more full presentation of this matter to our readers: In commencing the twentieth regular year of our publication, we have not much to say to our friends or the public, the character of our paper being well known to In his tables of "taxes!-taxes!-taxes!" Mr. Raguet is all that are interested in its concerns. We have seen no very fond of letting the people know how much they have reason to retire from the support of certain great princi- to pay upon every dollar of the cost. We have shewn bles entertained in the days of our youth-and they the oppression as to castor oil, the forty cents per galshaft be supported, without the least regard to the turn-lon "tax" having reduced the whole cost of the art ings of parties. We know that some who loudly cheer cle two dollars per gallon, as well as furnished us with ed us for resisting the wild doings that led to the Hartford an article of greater value!-and we shall soon produce convention, excuse the more wild and less justifiable pro- many like specific cases; for the general fact of a reducceedings in the south;-that many who greatly encoura-ed price belongs to EVERY article that has been PROTECT, ged us in our feeble efforts to forward internal improvements, affect to believe that we have become partizans, because we have not changed our course as they have changed theirs, and that not a few who have complimented us far beyond our deserts, because of our zeal for the protection of the industry of the people of the United States, have had their eyes so opened as to discover what a "jamiess" tariff is a thing which, we honestly confess, we never have comprehended, in the general use of the term: -But we shall still "pursue the even tenor of our way," let others do what they will," without intending to permit "even the shadow of a change," until we shall openly and frankly confess a conversion from the errors of our thoughts. In doing this, we ask the continued and faithful support of all who think with us-and tell them plamly, that it is needed. The pressure against us is powerful-but we can overcome it, if cheered by those more interested than ourselves in the preservation of those great principles which we deLight to maintain-and which we shall maintain, with our accustomed zeal, until induced wholly to give up the contest, and seek some less laborious mode of making a liv ing for ourselves and, families. ED-or "taxed," as Mr. R. cays-and we defy a shew ing to the contrary. It is the first time since the foun dation of this world, that a lessened price of commo dities to consumers, was regarded as an oppression on them!-and we must confess that the logic of this matted. is past our comprehension. Are fire-bricks, as another example, to be so respected, seeing that, a little while ago, the British Stourbridge, selling at 70 dollars a thousand, are now reduced to 30 dollars, because those made in Baltimore are offered at the latter price, which, if being a fair one, the fact appears that John Bull, 5 or 6 years since, extorted of us sevent, dollars for what he could as well afford then, as now, to sell for thirty. How is it with glass, highly "taxed," the price of which is reduced at a greater rate, and an hundred other ar ticles that we might mention, if we should pass over the list? But we wish now only to compliment Mr. R. upoa the address with which he has stated the "tax" on coarse cotton goods. He says that on these goods such as suit poor people, and cost from 5 to 10 cents per square yard, the tax is 87 cents to 175 cents on every dollar of the cost." Now had he stated this case fairly, he should have said-on every yard of such cloth as a person may purchase for five cents, he pays eight and a half cents "tax!" That is, by some sort of legerdemain, no more within the range of human intellect than the establishment of a boundary for space or limit of eternity, -a man, FLOUR. Some feeble speculations took place in flour, a few days since, because there had been a few showers of rain in England! But this oft-repeated quiz upon our dealers, did not last long. They have suffered too much by gaping at the foreign, and neglecting the home market. The latter, for the state of Massachusetts alone, is worth more to the farmers of New York, Pennsylva-in disbursing five cents for an article that he needs, pays nia, Maryland and Virginia, than that of all Europe.On the 9th July, because of a rise in the value of flour at Liverpool, the duty was ONLY 12s. 5d-or say three dollars per barrel, at the present value of the dollarWill the "free trade" "plulosophers," the Mac Duffies and Coopers, "speak to" this? How may they recommend a policy to us, in regard to England, which England refuses towards us? The negro slave takes the blow and says "Tankee, massa"-but such does not suit our constitution! eight and a half cents "tax" upon it, though the cost of the material and its manufacture.shall have been-est nothing at all." The public debt might soon be paid off at this rate of figuring! The price of a bushel of wheat in England, say, is two dollars. The duty on a bushel of such wheat imported, would be thirty cents. But in Illinois, &c. it has sold for 25 cents per bushel--so every purchaser, in payment of 25 cents for the wheat, pays 30 cents for the "tax" only upon it. What a magnificent "free trade" theory! Again--under the most favorable circumstances, a sq. yd. of imported cotton cloth pays 8 cents duty, unless smuggled. But take his lowest rate, 87 cents on the dollar of the cost. This cloth, with the "tax" upon it, sells for five cents. Then its value in England must be less than two cents and seven mills per square yard, that sum, at 87 per cent. advance for taxes," producing more than five cents, without allowance for merchant's profits, freight, &c. Will it be said that it may be purchased for 2 cents 7 mills? We guess not! The high "tax" of Mr. Raguet, however, "175 cents | London, so is the value of our dollar established there. on every dollar of the cost," applies to the goods at "five cents a yard"-and thus taxed, the original fair cost of such goods would be only one cent eight mills per yard!!! The real truth is, that a pound of cotton yarn, fitted for the manufacture of such goods, sells for rather more money at Manchester, than a pound of such cloth as it makes sells for at Boston, Providence, Philadelphia, Baltimore, &c. How then it can be that there is a "tax" on coarse cotton goods, we know not. We repeat what we said we will assure Mr. Raguet the payment of 100,000 dollars a year, for five years, if he will obtain for us, and our assigns, the admission of such cloths into England, free of her taxation. The following were the prices of cotton at Liverpool July 8: Upland 6 3-8 to 74d; Orleans 64a84, Alabama 61a72-3; S. Island 12a20; stained 6a10. The cheapest American 6 1-8-equal to nearly 14 cents a pound, at the present exchange. What sort of goods at 1 cent 8 mills the square yard, will the British make out of it? And, whether what is called 10 per cent. advance on bills on London, or 10 per cent. discount, be other than a real par of exchange, depends on the "market price" of silver at London-not upon the value which is set upon the dollar, as money of account, in the United States. The pound sterling is fixed by our laws as having the value of 444 cents-in 1812, it was worth only 344, but now 485 cents. The Russian ruble has an apparent value of 75 cents, but its real value is determined, even at our custom houses, by exchanges on London, Paris, Amsterdam, &c. and has latterly averaged about 20 cents. The Turkish piastre, as a money of account, was equal to 25 cents in 1808-in 1826, the latest calculation that we have had the fortune to meet with, it was valued at no more than 84 cents. The eagle, of our own country, has sold for 10 silver dollars. How then does Mr. Raguet venture to speak of "heresy" concerning the rate of exchange-to apply a present rate to a past ones? A while ago, 75 dollars in the U. S. would have purchas ed, at the par value, 100 rubles on St. Petersburg-now 20 dollars will do it. This does not shew a "balance of trade," or a "high rate of exchange" against Russia: it shews only a depreciated value in what is called a ruble, as compared with our dollar. So with the Turkish piastre-so with American or Spanish dollars, as articles of merchandise. If sending a barrel of flour to England to exchange for 208. worth of calicoes, the "balance of trade" would be really against us, though the treasury tables might shew a gain; but if for a barrel of flour we obtained three times as large a quantity of calico, as in the other case, or 60 shillings worth, because of a higher The "Banner of the Constitution" of this day, [Aug. price for our flour, a gain might be realized, though the 25] contains sundry tables attached to a report of Mr. tables should shew a loss-the values of exports and im secretary Ingham, on the relative value of gold and sil-ports being compared. We call the dollar 48. 6. sterver coins, shewing, among other things, the "market ling-it is now worth only 4s. 14d. but it has been 5s. 4d. price" of standard gold and silver, at London, in each A present rate of exchange then, can only be regarded. year, from 1760 to 1829, inclusive. As gold is not the There are adverse rates and balances of trade, and they measure of value in the United States, we shall mainly generally exist; but are to be established only by the notice what is put down concerning silver-or the dollar, consideration of different cirenstances. Thus, and for which is our standard in all computations-observing a familiar case, let us say the value of a day's labor is that gold has had a general value of £3 178. 6d. per oz. fixed, (as is our value of the £ sterling) at one dollar which may be regarded as the fixed legal value, whereas per day; when employed every day in the year, with silver, not being a money of account in England, unless flour at 5 dollars a barrel, and other things proportionalin exchanges, has continually fluctuated, and may be ly cheap-the "balance of trade" may be in favor of the said to have no fixed legal value, except in small sums, laborer: but if employed only halt his time, with flour or as "change." at 15 dollars a barrel, and other things in proportion, the "balance of trade" will be severely against him, though the price of a day's labor remains the same; and we have seen the pound sterling, though legally fixed at 444 cents, worth only 344, though now estimated at 485. It is manifest then that no permanent establishment of the "par of exchange" can be made-that it can be fixed for a present time only, by comparisons of current values, what are esteemed values, in different countries. We shall for a moment, refer to Mr. Raguet's remark about our "conversion to orthodoxy," because admitting that the present "real par of exchange on England is 485 cents for the pound sterling, not 444," as we rate it at our custom houses, and in moneys of account-for he has just furnished the sure means of CONVICTING himself of ignorance, or something worse, when dabbling in political arithmetic." * By this table it appears, that, from 1760 to 1770, the market price of an oz. of gold was about £3 19s. Od, and from 1770 to 1800, 30 years, was generally at £3 17s. 6d. From 1800 to 1820, because of the excess of paper money or foreign demand for gold, the price was fluctuating, rising as high as £5. 10s. in 1814. From 1820 to 1829 inclusive, the average is about one penny an ounce over the legal value, £3 178. 6d. But the average of silver was about 58. 5d. the oz. from 1760 to 1800, varying only in a few pence;† in 1813 it was 7s. 6d. and from 1820 to 1829, inclusive, less than 5s. In 1829 only 4s. 11d. collect that in the Register of the 17th Nov. 1827, Vol MR. MCCORD, or S. C. A few of our readers may reThe oz. in 1813, being worth 78. 6d. in account, and in 53, page 177, we made some remarks on a speech of 1829 only 4s. 11d. gives us the great difference of 25. young gentleman of this name, delivered at Columbia7d. or a reduced value of thirty per cent.-rating the the substance of which, as published by himself, filled pound sterling at 444 cents, as we have always stated it, the small amount of fifty closely printed pages, includwithout regard to the "market price" of dollars at Loning the notes, &c. in which he said much about "Niles don. We then easily resolve, that the par of exchange is not determinable by our measure of value. With such variations, which have been frequent, the par of exchange is to be ascertained only for a present time: as the value of the Russian ruble is regulated at *Mr. R. will excuse these words, because of the quoted words that follow. + The highest 58. 94d. in 1782, lowest 5s. 1d. in 1797 and 1798. and he greatly prided himself on the discovery of a litera! and Carey," "Carey, Niles, Clay, & co." and so forth error in the Register, though suffering one, exactly the same, to pass through his own book!-But that was nothdictation of a disciple of Dr. Cooper-or of citizens of the ing. "Alps and Pyrennes sink before" the logic and nation of South Carolina!. If it pleases them to say the taught us poor ignorant people that it was white, why natural color of snow is black, though they have often black it must be-or green or yellow, or any other color that they shall please to prescribe. We meet with an article in the "Essex Register" and other papers, as extracted from the "New York Courier and Enquirer," in which it is very broadly intimated that Mr. Mc Cord was recently despatched by Dr. Cooper, £100 is 24,000 pence, divided by 78. 6d. or 90 pence, and his co-adjutors and co-calculators of the value of gives 266 oz. or by 4s. 11d. 59 pence, 403 oz. In 1813, the union," an an extraordinary mission to England, bills on London were at 224 per cent, discount, at Phila-(from whence he has just returned), to ascertain the dedelphia. gree of support that might be expected from Great Bri tain, if South Carolina shall "nullify" the acts of the general government. They will "rally round the standard of the law"--and the difference between blustering and fighting, will soon We know nothing of this matter, further than hinted be manifested. in the "Courier and Enquirer"-but recollect several The inconsistencies of the great "nullifyers" are well rascal-publications in South Carolina in which the ex-spoken of. How would a man like Lowndes, if now livpectatron of British aid, to support the contemplateding, dissipate the chaff and froth of the little-big-men of treason, was decidedly entertained. And, from the fol- his state! lowing, it would appear that Mr. Mc Cord's mission, (if such as hinted at in the "Courier"), has been entirely successful.-John Bull wishing another cotton-growing colony, well stocked with white and black slaves. From the [Columbia] Times and Gazette. Mr. Editor:-The nullifiers have commenced their work. Violence and despotism have become the order of the day. On Saturday last they gave us a practical illustration of their doctrines. Perhaps there has not occurred since the reign of terror, a more disgraceful scene than took place on Saturday, the 17th of the month, at Stony Point, in this district. At a meeting of some of the citizens of Columbia, for the purpose of concerting a more general assembling of the citizens of the district, with a view to the discussion and more thorough understanding of the important political topics which engage the attention of the people of this state; for the purpose of learning more fully the views of the candidates who propose to represent the district in the legislature, and of exchanging opinions with citizens from any other parts of the state, who may favor us with their attendance-chancellor Harper was called to the chair; when the following resolutions were submitted by Dr. James Davis, and unanimously adop-ever, dinner was announced, when capt. Arnold, one of ted: Resolved, That the sacred compact which has united together the citizens of these United States as freemen, has been violated and disregarded. Resolved, That the obstinacy of a reckless and usurping majority, persisting in these wrongs, imposes on us the obligation, due to ourselves and our posterity, to take the rightful remedy into our own hands. Resolved, As frequent public meetings, with a free and full discussion of the topics agitating our state, contributes to enlighten the citizens, and rouse them to a sense of their injuries-that a public meeting of the district be called, at Columbia, on the 20th of September next. Resolved, That our candidates for the state legislature be requested to give on that day an expression of their political views, and to say expressly whether they will support or oppose a convention of the people of this state. A number of gentlemen of that neighborhood gave a public dinner, to which all the candidates for the legis lature for Abbeville district were invited. Gen. Tucker, one of the representatives in congress from this state, and who resides in the adjoining district, was also invited by several individuals. After the candidates had addressed the people, the committee of arrangements waited on Gen. Tucker, and invited him to address the audience, to which he consented. At this moment, howthe committee of arrangements, rose and stated to the meeting, that gen. Tucker, a member of congress from this state, would immediately after dinner speak to the people. While at dinner, it was whispered, about among the nullifiers, that gen. Tucker was decidedly opposed to them, and was in possession of some facts, which if disclosed, would go to implicate a certain distinguished indi vidual of this state, and expose their designs.* It was, therefore, determined not to permit him to speak. Of this some of the general's friends were apprised, but it was thought best that he should make the attempt, in order to see how far these men of war and resistance were disposed to go. Accordingly, the general rose, and at that moment the concert commenced hissing and shouting. This was responded by the trained band in different parts of the company. One or two called out "gen. Tucker can't be heard in Abbeville." And to add to this infamous transResolved, That a committee of five be appointed to action, the nullifiers had placed a pitcher of spirits, ingive all proper notices of the intended meeting, to invite stead of water, on the stand where the general was to our senators and representatives in congress, and such speak. Finding that he could not proceed he withdrew. other persons as they may think proper; and especially Thus it is, that the liberty of speech is to be put down our immediate representative, the hon. W. D. Martin, by force; and in character with their principles, in this his excellency governor Miller, and major James Hamil-way, will the party expect to carry all their points. ton, jr.; and that the chairman of this meeting be a mem-For the honor, however, of Abbeville, as gen. Tucker ber of that committee. Resolved, That a committee of twelve be appointed to make all other necessary arrangements. Resolved, That we shall be gratified by the presence of any citizens of any portion of our state, who may favor us with their attendance; and especially candidates for the state legislature. Committee on invitations. Col. John Taylor, P. M. Butler, John G. Brown, Committee of arrangements. Col. E. H. Maxcy, John McIvor, James L. Clark, James H. Taylor, Presley Garner, Joel Tucker, Thomas Ware, was about to leave the place, a number of the most respectable citizens gathered around his carriage, and assured him of their highest respect, and avowed their disapprobation of the conduct of the nullifiers.-Among the number was gen. Hodges, col. Lomax, and Mr. Smith, of Stony Point, besides hundreds of other citi zens. But let us, for a moment, take a view of the consistency of these brave and intrepid nullifiers. Two years ago gen. Hayne and col. Hamilton were invited to the great anti-tariff dinner, given at this place to Mr. McDuffie. They attended, and were invited to speak. It was not unconstitutional then for a man to speak out of his own district. Two years ago these same men were for general Jackson-but now, they abuse the old soldier, and say he has less influence than any president we have ever had. Two years ago these same men were opposed to state rights; but all of a sudden they have tacked about, and declare themselves the exclusive friends of state The following, from the "Greenville, (S. C.) Moun-rights-One of these wise men, or as they are sometimes taineer," under date of Abbeville, July 20, shews the lengths to which a few madmen, lusting for power, (and reckless even of the lives of their wives and children to obtain it) are willing to go, that they may command. Let them go on! Let us at once ascertain whether a few factious spirits in South Carolina, (unable to spare as many fighting men as some counties in Massachusetts, New York, or Pennsylvania, from the protection of their own fire-sides) shall dictate the laws of the union. They have hallooed and threatened enough-let them do the overt act. The present time is always the best time, to put down such impudent assumptions, and the people of South Carolina will themselves do it, when called on. called new lights, (not blue lights,) stated in his speech on Saturday, that the whole revenue system was unconstitutional! What a fortunate discovery! We can now bring suit against the United States, and recover back all the money we have paid into the public treasury since the adoption of the federal constitution. This law suit, and the suit on the custom house bonds, will give employment to our lawyers, whose returns I am told are becoming pretty lean. It is to be regretted, that they could not find a job for the doctors, who are also on the |