The Federal System in Constitutional Law

act of Congress action activities adopted affirmed alleged applied appointed Article authority bill of attainder branches Cambodia certiorari challenged Chief Justice citizens claim commerce clause Committee concurring congressional constitutional rights constitutionality Court of Appeals criminal Dagenhart Darby Lumber Co Debate Clause decision declared delegated delivered the opinion denied departments dissenting District Court doctrine duty effect election enacted enforce Equal Protection Clause exercise federal courts Fifth Amendment foreign Fourteenth Amendment grant gress habeas corpus held impeachment injunction interstate commerce issue judges judgment judicial judiciary jurisdiction JUSTICE DOUGLAS labor legislative legislature limited matter ment military Nixon party persons petitioner plaintiff power of Congress power to regulate prescribed President Presidential principle prohibited prosecution regulate commerce relation require respect rule SECTION Senate separation of powers Speech or Debate statute subpoena Supreme Court Tenth Amendment tion tional treaty trial unconstitutional United upheld violation vote