2. General Plant Physiology.

Associate Professor OSTERHOUT and Mr. NICHOLS. Experimental investigation of the fundamental life-processes of the plant, with especial reference to the relation of the plant to its environment.

6 hrs., second half-year; 3 units. Tu Th S, 8-10. Chemistry, at least Course 1, is strongly advised either before or in connection with this course.

3. General Plant Morphology.

Assistant Professor JEPSON and Mr. NICHOLS. Morphological study of types of flowering plants, with especial reference to the organs of reproduction.

6 hrs., first half-year; 3 units. Tu Th S, 8-10.

14. Economic Botany. Assistant Professor HALL. Laboratory work on the morphology, relationships, properties, and geographical distribution of the plant families which furnish important commercial products and agricultural crops, accompanied by lectures on the uses, origin, cultivation, collection, and commerce of plant products.

6 hrs., first half-year; 3 units. M W F, 8-10.

UPPER DIVISION COURSES.

4. General Phaenogamic Botany. (Mj.)

Assistant Professor JEPSON. First half-year, coniferous and amentiferous trees: The habits of growth, structure, and classification of forest trees, especially those of California, accompanied by lectures upon the forest regions of North America. Second half-year, higher flowering plants: The structure, morphology, and relationships of the leading orders.

6 hrs., throughout the year; 3 units each half-year. Tu Th S, 10-12, with field work to be arranged. Prerequisite: Courses 2 and 3. Either half may be taken separately.

5. General Cryptogamic Botany. (Mj.)

Professor SETCHELL.

A general study of the orders of spore-bearing plants from the points of view of structure, development, and economic importance. Laboratory work and informal lectures.

6 hrs., laboratory, 1 hr. lecture, throughout the year; 3 units each half-year. Tu Th, 1-4. Prerequisite: Course 3. be taken either half-year by properly prepared students. The first half is prerequisite to Plant Pathology 21.

May

6. Phycology and Mycology.

(Mj.)

Professor SETCHELL.

Laboratory work upon the structure, development, and classification of the algae, fungi, and lichens, with informal lectures and the assignment of outside reading. Intended for students who desire some critical knowledge of the lower cryptogamous orders.

6 hrs., throughout the year; 3 units each half-year. Hours to be arranged with the instructor. Prerequisite: Course 5.

7. Pteridology and Bryology. (Mj.)

Professor SETCHELL.

The structure, development, and classification of the higher cryptogams (hepatics, mosses, ferns, and fern allies) will be treated in the same way as the lower cryptogams in Course 6. 6 hrs., throughout the year; 3 units each half-year. Prerequisite: Course 5.

9. Vegetable Histology. (Mj.)

Associate Professor OSTERHOUT.

A laboratory course in the microscopical anatomy of the higher plants, treated with reference to function and the influence of environment. It includes practice in embedding, use of the microtome, staining on the slide, microchemical tests, etc. Laboratory work and lectures.

6 hrs., throughout the year; 3 units each half-year. M F, 1-4. Prerequisite: Courses 2 and 3.

11. Vegetable Cytology. (Mj.) Associate Professor OSTERHOUT. The anatomy and physiology of the cell, including cell division, chromosome reduction, fertilization, and a consideration of heredity and development from the standpoint of cytology. Laboratory work and lectures.

6 hrs., throughout the year; 3 units each half-year. M F, 1-4. Prerequisite: Course 9.

*12. Morphology of the Compositae. (Mj.)

Assistant Professor JEPSON.

Studies in the general morphology of the group, followed by the critical examination of various West American genera.

6 hrs., throughout the year; 3 units each half-year. Tu Th S, 10-12. Prerequisite: Course 4.

* Not to be given in 1908-09.

13. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Phaenogams. (Mj.) Assistant Professor JEPSON. Laboratory work on the classification of the seed plants; considering the characters and affinities of the classes and more important orders, accompanied by informal discussions of phylogenetic problems.

6 hrs., throughout the year; 3 units each half-year. Tu Th S, 10-12. Prerequisite: Courses 4 and 5. To be offered in alternate years.

GRADUATE COURSES.

25. Advanced Cryptogamic Botany. Professor SETCHELL. The cryptogams of California offer exceptional opportunities for research, and many simpler problems are presented for original investigation. This work during the year will be confined almost exclusively to the algae, in connection with the special work of the instructor. Students should expect to devote considerable time to this course.

26. Advanced Phaenogamic Botany. Assistant Professor JEPSON. Special problems requiring the original investigation of some particular order or smaller group of flowering plants. This course involves work in the field as well as in the laboratory.

27. Advanced Histology and Cytology.

Associate Professor OSTERHOUT. Special problems in histology and cytology will be assigned to properly prepared students. M F, 1-4.

28. Advanced Economic Botany.

Assistant Professor HALL.

Special problems in agrostology (either systematic or economic) and other branches of economic botany.

6 hrs., throughout the year; 2 units each half-year. M W, 1-4. Prerequisite: Course 14.

30. Botanical Seminar.

Professor SETCHELL,

Associate Professor OSTERHOUT, and Assistant Professor
JEPSON.

Graduates and advanced undergraduates meet once or twice a month for the discussion of special topics.

ZOOLOGY.

WILLIAM E. RITTER, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology.

*CHARLES A. KOFOID, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Histology and Embryology.

JOHN C. MERRIAM, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Palaeontology and

Historical Geology.

HARRY B. TORREY, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Zoology.

JOSEPH A. LONG, Ph.D., Instructor in Zoology.

JOSEPH GRINNELL, M.A., Director of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology.

EDNA E. WATSON, M.S., Assistant in Zoology.

SAMUEL E. BAILEY, Assistant in Zoology.

The courses are planned to meet the needs of three classes of students, viz.:

1. Those who wish, for general culture, some knowledge of the subject-matter, methods, and generalizations of biological science. For this class Courses 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 17, 18, 19, and 20 are particularly suited.

2. Those preparing to become teachers and investigators. For such the individual aims of the student will determine, after the fundamental courses have been taken, what advanced courses should be selected. The minimum for the recommendation for the teacher's certificate is 1, 2, either 4 or 5, 7 and 17.

3. Those preparing for the study of medicine. For these, Courses 1, 2, 4, and 5 or 6 are requisite to fulfill the requirements of the Pre-Medical Course.

A five-dollar deposit, with a refund of two dollars less breakage, is required for all laboratory courses.

LOWER DIVISION COURSES.

1. The Fundamentals of Zoology.

Associate Professor TORREY and Mr. BAILEY. An introduction to the facts and principles of animal biology. Lectures 3 hrs., demonstrations 3 hrs., first half-year; 4 units.

Lectures Tu Th S, 11. Demonstrations, Section 1, M, 1-4; Section II, Tu, 8-11; Section III, Th, 8-11; Setcion IV, F, 1-4. * Absent on leave, 1908-09.

The demonstrations are not laboratory exercises and involve neither dissection nor other technical work. They are essentially illustrative of lectures and text, and are based on the examination of living and prepared specimens, supplemented by models and charts. Opportunities are thus afforded for observations not possible in the lecture room, yet necessary for a proper grasp of the subject matter of the course.

2. General Zoology. Associate Professor TORREY and Mr. BAILEY. Laboratory and recitations.

A study of the behavior, structure, and development of animal types.

9 hrs., second half-year; 4 units. Section I, Tu W Th, 1-4; Section II, Th Th S, 8-11. Prerequisite: Course 1.

UPPER DIVISION COURSES.

4. Comparative Anatomy of the Higher Vertebrates. (Mj.) Professor RITTER, Associate Professor MERRIAM, and Miss WATSON. A continuation of Course 2. Designed largely for students preparing to study medicine. The osteological part of the work is done under Associate Professor MERRIAM. (See Geology 11.)

8 hrs., first half-year; 4 units. Tu W Th, 1-4, and S, 8-12; each student to work any three of the four possible periods. Laboratory work, recitations, and assigned topics; allotment of time for each to be arranged with the class.

5. Cytology. (Mj.)

Dr. LONG. Structure and activities of the cell. Cell-division, maturation and histogenesis of the sex cells, fertilization and cleavage. Relation of cytological phenomena to normal and abnormal growth, to sex, and to theories of heredity and evolution. 8 hrs., first half-year; 4 units. Lectures Tu Th, 9; laboratory Tu Th, 1-4. Prerequisite: Course 2.

*5A. Microscopical Technique. (Mj.)

Preparation of animal tissues for microscopical examination. Use of microscope and microtome. Methods of fixation, sectioning, and staining. Laboratory and conferences.

3 or 6 hrs., either half-year; 1 or 2 units. Hours to be arranged on Tu Th. Prerequisite: Course 2 and Chemistry 3.

*Not to be given in 1908-09.