TOOKE: A History of Prices, and of the State of the Circulation, from 1793 to 1847, with Remarks on the Corn Laws, &c., by Thomas Tooke, Esq., F.R.S. 8vo. 6 vols. London, 1838-56. The gift of my late excellent friend the author. Mr. Tooke was largely assisted in the compilation of the last two volumes by Mr. Wm. Newmarch, of the Globe Insurance Office, who is advantageously known by his skill in statistical computations. The work embodies much valuable information. Besides specifying the prices of a vast variety of articles at different times and for lengthened periods, it traces the causes of their rise and fall, &c. There is occasionally room for doubt whether some of the conclusions come to be quite correct. But there can be no doubt in regard to the care with which the details that serve for their foundation have been brought together. And these furnish means by which to test and rectify the inferences derived from them. TORRENS (Colonel). See Commerce, Political Economy, &c. TOULMIN: An Historical View of the State of the Protestant Dissenters in England, by Joshua Toulmin, D.D. 8vo. 1814. TOURNEFORT: Relation d'un Voyage du Levant, par M. Pitton de Tournefort. 4to. 2 vols. Paris, 1717. Old green mor., Derome. This is one of the very best of the innumerable works on the Levant. Owing to the author being a distinguished botanist, botanical investigations are a good deal attended to. But the state of the countries which he visited, and the famous ruins with which they are studded, are concisely and learnedly described, and illustrated by short notices of their history. TOUSSAINT (Fr. Vinc.), Les Mours de M. 12mo. 3 parties en 1 vol. Paris, 1748. Olive mor., gilt. TOWNSEND, The Rev. Joseph, the following Works of, viz. : A Journey through Spain in 1786 and 1787, with Particular Attention to the Agriculture, Manufactures, Commerce, &c. of that Country. 2d edition. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1792. N.B.-A copy of Arrowsmith's excellent map of Spain, and a portrait, are inserted in this copy. This is an able, a philosophical, and an excellent work. The industry, the government, and the institutions of Spain are accurately described. And the circumstances that had reduced them to the condition of semi-paralysis and degradation, in which they were then involved, are carefully traced and exhibited. There are few works that furnish so much valuable information in regard to the political economy of nations. Free Thoughts on Despotic and Free Governments. A Dissertation on the Poor Laws, by a Well-wisher Post 8vo. 1 vol. Calf, ex. This Dissertation is extremely well written. And though I beg entirely to dissent from the author's views in regard to the impolicy of a statutory provision for the support of the poor, it must be admitted that he has set some of the principal objections to such provision in the clearest light, and has, also, exposed many of the abuses with which the administration of the poor laws was formerly infected. But the Tract is chiefly remarkable for its supposed elucidation of the theory of population. The following extract affords, indeed, as perfect an illustration as can well be imagined of the balance, where the lower animals only are concerned, between population and food, and of their influence on each other. It is not so much a foreshadowing of Malthus' theory as the theory itself. Had it been presented in a more detailed and systematic manner it would have anticipated the Essay on Population. "In the South Seas there is an island, which from the first discoverer is called Juan Fernandes. In this sequestered spot John Fernando placed a colony of goats, TOWNSEND-cont. consisting of one male attended by his female. This happy couple, finding pasture in abundance, could readily obey the first commandment, to increase and multiply, till in process of time they had replenished their little island. In advancing to this period they were strangers to misery and want, and seemed to glory in their numbers; but from this unhappy moment they began to suffer hunger; yet continuing for a time to increase their numbers, had they been endued with reason, they must have apprehended the extremity of famine. In this situation the weakest first gave way, and plenty was again restored. Thus they fluctuated between happiness and misery, and either suffered want or rejoiced inabundance, according as their numbers were diminished or increased, never at a stay, yet nearly balancing at all times their quantity of food. This degree of æquipoise was from time to time destroyed, either by epidemical diseases or by the arrival of some vessel in distress. On such occasions their numbers were considerably reduced; but to compensate for this alarm, and to comfort them for the loss of their companions, the survivors never failed immediately to meet returning plenty. They were no longer in fear of famine; they ceased to regard each other with an evil eye; all had abundance, all were contented, all were happy. Thus, what might have been considered as misfortunes proved a source of comfort; and to them, at least, partial evil was universal good. "When the Spaniards found that the English privateers resorted to this island for provisions they resolved on the total extirpation of the goats, and for this purpose they put on shore a greyhound dog and a bitch ;† these in their turn increased and multiplied in proportion to the quantity of food they met with; but in consequence, as the Spaniards had foreseen, the breed of goats diminished. Had they been totally destroyed, the dogs likewise must have perished; but, as many of the goats retired to the craggy rocks, where the dogs could never follow them, descending only for short intervals to feed with fear and circumspection in the vallies, few of these, besides the careless and the rash, became a prey; and none but the most watchful, strong, and active of the dogs could get a sufficiency of food. Thus a new kind of balance was established. The weakest of both species were among the first to pay the debt of nature. The most active and vigorous preserved their lives." Nothing can be more appropriate than this illustration when applied to the case of the lower animals, but it fails altogether in its application to men. And yet the apparently not very recondite consideration that the latter are neither goats nor dogs, and are not alone governed by that animal instinct that governs these useful creatures does not seem ever to have occurred to Mr. Townsend or Mr. Malthus. But, whatever these gentlemen may allege to the contrary, men look forward to the consequences of their actions; and except, perhaps, in the case of the least civilized and most barbarous hordes, population is never checked by the mere want of food. On the contrary, the supply of necessary accommodations has continued in almost all countries to outrun the increase of population, as is shown by the condition of society having been almost everywhere progressively and greatly improved. It is singular, indeed, how, with the example of the civilized world before them, Messrs. Townsend, Malthus, Chalmers, and others should have all but wholly lost sight of the circumstances which naturally grow out of the progress of society to countervail the principle of increase, and to make its influence harmonize with and depend upon the supplies of food and other accommodations. TRACTS (Ancient) concerning the Management of Landed Property. 8vo. Mackintosh on the Law of Nature and Nations, 1800. A Vindication of Commerce and the Arts, 1758. Hamilton's Report on Manufactures, 1793. Fielding's Inquiry into the Increase of Robbers, 1751. Alcock on the Poor Laws, 1752. Proposals by the Prince of Orange on Trade of Holland, 1751. Rare. TRACTS-Cont. Beeke on the Produce of the Income Tax, 1800. Price on the American Revolution, 1785. Duke of Richmond's Bill on Parliamentary Reform, 1783. Tracts in answer to Dr. Price's Publications on the National Debt, 1772. Sieyes, Qu'est-ce que les Tiers Etat? 1789. Sir F. M. Eden, Bart., on Insurance, 1806. Historical Sketch of the Bank of England (M'Culloch), 1831. Biographical Notices (M'Culloch), V. Y. Survey of Animal Creation (Reprint), 1860. Raper's Inquiry into the Value of Greek and Roman Money, 1856. An Inquiry into the Price of Provisions, by a Farmer, 1773. State of the Nation in 1726. Wheeler's Treatise of Commerce, 1601. Rare. Beccaria's Introductory Discourse on Political Economy, 1769. Townsend's Dissertation on the Poor Laws, 1786. Falconer's Voyage of Hanno, 1797. Dr. Bell on the Peasantry of Ireland, 1804. Turgot on the Distribution of Wealth, 1793. Considerations on the Million Bill, 1787. Considérations sur les Intérêts du Tiers Etat, 1788. Reasons for a Limited Exportation of Wool, 1677. Rare. Dialogues on Value, 1824. (De Quincey.) Constant, Commentaire sur Filangieri, 1822. Philippine Islands, 1828. Price's Tracts on the National Debt, and Morgan's Review, 1774-92. Sir Thomas Turton's Defence of Corn Dealers, 1800. Mirabeau, Dénonciation de l'Agiotage, 1787. Anderson (Dr.) on Corn Laws and Scarcity, 1777-1801. Very scarce. Gray's Tracts on the Wealth of Nations and the Income Tax, 1797-1802. Taxation no Tyranny, 1775. Sir Dudley North on Trade (original edition), 1691. See Commerce, &c. Deslande's Essay on Maritime Power, 1743. Malynes on Free Trade, 1622. Malynes' Canker of England's Commonwealth, 1601. Barbon on Money, 1696. Internal Policy of Great Britain, 1764. Faction detected by the Evidence of Facts, 1743. 1. Considérations Historiques et Diplomatiques sur les Ambassades 2. Mémoire sur le Préambule d'un Edit de l'Empereur Dioclétien, 3. Notice sur la Vie de M. Poivre, 1786. 8vo. 1 vol. Collection of, by Messrs. Trenchard and Gordon. 12mo. 2 vols. TRACY Traité d'Economie Politique. : See Political Economy, Works on, (Destutt): Commentaire sur l'Esprit des Lois de Montesquieu, par M. D. Tracy. 8vo. Paris, 1819. TRADES SOCIETIES AND STRIKES. See Political Economy, Works on. TRENCH: On the Study of Words, in Six Lectures, by Dean Trench. 8th edit. London, 1858 English, Past and Present, in Five Lectures. 3d ed. London, A A TRENCH: Proverbs and their Lessons. 4th ed. London, 1857. These works, by the Rev. Dr. R. C. Trench, Dean of Westminster, are in post 8vo. vols. They are original, ingenious, and interesting, and well deserve the popularity they enjoy. TRENT: The Catechism of the Council of, published by command of Pope Pius V. Translated from the Latin by the Rev. J. Donovan. 8vo. Dublin, 1829. Calf, ex. "The Council of Trent had recommended to the Pope to publish a catechism. By the Pope's recommendation a catechism was composed, under the direction of Cardinal Borromeo, by several eminent theologians, principally by Father Francis Forciro, a Dominican friar, who had attended the Council in quality of theologian to the King of Portugal. The style was afterwards polished by Julius Poggiani. It is indifferently called the Catechism of the Council of Trent, the Roman Catechism, and the Catechismus ad Parochos. "It was first published at Rome, in one volume octavo, by Paulus Manutius, under the title, Catechismus Romanus, ex decreto Concilii Tridentini, ad parochos, Pii V. Pontificis Maximi, editus.' It is recommended by the erudition, exactness, and conciseness with which it is written, and by the neatness and elegance of its style. It is, perhaps, the best work which a person who seeks to obtain a clear and comprehensive knowledge of the Roman Catholic creed can peruse." -(Butler on Confessions of Faith, p. 15.) The translation by one of the professors at Maynooth is faithful and well written. It were much to be wished that not a few of those who are so eager to engage in discussions affecting the church of Rome would previously make themselves acquainted with this authoritative exposition of her faith and doctrines. This would obviate many mistakes on the part both of her friends and foes. Histoire du Concile de Trente, par Fra Paolo Sarpi, traduite en The author of this famous history was one of the most determined enemies of the The translation of Sarpi's work by Courayer, a semi-Protestant divine, is preferred to the original. Prefixed to it is a life of the author and a preface, and it is accompanied by valuable notes and marginal references. The Protestant tendencies in the work are reproduced and strengthened in the translation. It has been questioned whether Sarpi was really attached to Protestant principles, or merely opposed to the usurpations and abuses of the church of Rome. The latter is most probable. There certainly is not much of Protestantism in the advice which Daru tells us he secretly gave to the Council of Ten during the TRENT-Cont. quarrel with Paul V. Among other things, he says, Se nelle circonstanze pubbliche è buona l'ignoranza del commune, en quella della fede, è necessaria; that is, "if in political matters the ignorance of the public is advantageous, in matters of faith it is necessary.”—(Daru, Hist. de Venise, iv. 314, ed. 1821.) TREVELYAN: A Report upon the Inland Customs, &c., of the Bengal Presidency, by Sir C. E. Trevelyan, K.C.B. 8vo. Calcutta, 1835. On Education in India. 8vo. London, 1838. TROY: Collection of Tracts on Troy and the Trojan War, viz. :— 1. Chevalier's Description of the Plain of Troy, translated by Dalzell. 2. A Dissertation concerning the War of Troy and the Expedition 3. Observations upon a Treatise entitled a "Description of the Plain 4. Some Observations upon the Vindication of Homer, &c., written 5. A Letter to Jacob Bryant, Esq., on his Dissertation on the War of Troy, by Gilbert Wakefield, B.A. London, 1797. 6. Remarks and Observations on the Plain of Troy, by Captain Francklin, H.E.I.C.S. London, 1800. 1. A Vindication of Homer and of the Ancient Poets and Historians who have recorded the Siege and Fall of Troy, by J. B. S. Morritt, Esq. London, 1798. 2. Additional Remarks on the Topography of Troy, &c., in answer to Mr. Bryant's last Publications, by J. B. S. Morritt, Esq. London, 1800. 3. The History of Ilium or Troy (by Richard Chandler, D.D.) London, 1802. 4. Observations on the Topography of the Plain of Troy, &c., by James Rennell, F.R.S., &c. London, 1814. 4to. 1 vol. Russia, uncut. 4to. 1 vol. Russia, uncut. See, also, Bryant, Dallaway (Constantinople), Hobhouse (Lord : TSCHOKKE Histoire de la Nation Suisse, par M. Henri Tschokke, traduite de l'Allemand par Ch. Monnard. 8vo. Paris, 1823. TUCKER: A Treatise concerning Civil Government, in Three Parts, by Josiah Tucker, D.D., Dean of Gloucester. 8vo. London, 1781. Tracts on Economical Subjects. 8vo. 3 vols. V.Y. A very complete and valuable collection. Seventeen Sermons. 8vo. Gloucester, 1776. The Light of Nature Pursued, by Abraham Tucker, Esq., with some Account of his Life, by Sir H. P. St. John Mildmay, Bart., M.P. 2d edition. Svo. 7 vols. London, 1805. This is work that has been much and justly commended. Paley refers to it as follows:-"There is, however, one work to which I owe so much, that it would be ungrateful not to confess the obligation; I mean the writings of the late Abraham Tucker, Esq., part of which were published by himself, and the remainder since his death, under the title of The Light of Nature Pursued, by Edward Search, Esq.' I have found in this writer more original thinking and observation upon the several subjects that he has taken in hand, than in any other, not to say, than in all others put together. His talent also for illustration is unrivalled. But his thoughts are diffused through a long, various, and irre |