Geology, analogy between geological and historical evidence, i. 202, 310.
German writers on politics, i. 72.

Giannone, i. 72.

Gibbon, his definition of the imperial government of Rome, i. 83; his descrip-
tion of Arabia, i. 120; his explanation of the causes of the rapid growth
of Christianity, i. 337.

Goguet, on reports of fictitious origins, i. 412; on natural medicine,
ii. 150.

Golden age, ii. 228, 274, 304, 446; its perpetual peace, ii. 286, n.

Gospels, their faithful preservation in writing, i. 207.

Government, domestic or patriarchal, i. 10; sovereign, i. 12; difference
between its existence and its goodness, i. 12; forms of, characterized by
Montesquieu, ii. 52; by Hume, ii. 58; how their characteristics are to
be determined, ii. 67; mixed government, ii. 76; best form of, ii. 85,
301; formation of new governments, ii. 195; progress of government,
ii. 418.

Greeks, opposed to barbarians, ii. 107.

Grote, Mr., on the agrarian law of Lycurgus, ii. 226.

Grotius, character of his political speculations, i. 67, 95; his advice about the
study of politics, i. 74; propounds the doctrine of the original conduct,
i. 425; on the construction of instruments, ii. 7; on reading history back-
wards, ii. 413.

Guicciardini, his history, i. 69; his speeches, i. 239.

Guilt implies causation, i. 391.

Guizot, M., on the English political writers, i. 72, n.; on the method of treat-
ing the history of civilization, i. 307.

Habit, how proved, i. 345; its constant influence in practical politics,
ii. 179, 190.

Hall, Bishop, his Mundus alter et idem, ii. 270.

Hallam, Mr., on circumstantial variation in testimony, i. 287.
Haller, Albert v., his political romances, ii. 274, n.

Harrington, his Oceana, i. 69; ii. 269.

Hearsay evidence, i. 128, 186, 192; of two sorts, contemporary and non-
contemporary, i. 186; its infidelity, i. 187; its inferiority to original
evidence, i. 188; its exclusion from the English courts of law, i. 190;
grounds of this exclusion, i. 191; difference between hearsay evidence for
historical and for judicial purposes, i. 192.

Hecatæus, i. 289.

Hecatæus of Abdera, his work on the Hyperboreans, ii. 283.

Hellanicus, on the Spartan constitution, i. 284; on the passage of the
Sicilians into Sicily, i. 286.

Heraclides Ponticus, on the capture of Rome by the Gauls, i. 269.
Herodotus, his historical character, i. 61, 142; his debate of the Persian conspira-
tors, i. 61, ii. 313; his history abounds with descriptions, i. 119; his anecdote
of an experiment by Psammitichus, i. 164; his speeches, i. 232; his dates
of early events, i. 276; on Lycurgus, i. 284; his style of narration, i. 299;
he assigns fictitious causes of political institutions, i. 416; on the possible
fate of some cities, i. 445; his debate of the Persian council, ii. 314.
Henri IV. of France, his plan of perpetual peace, ii. 285.

Hindus, their religious feelings, i. 177; their stationary civilization,
ii. 435.

Hippodamus of Miletus, ii. 243.
History, political, i. 54; its character and mode of observing facts, i. 113; it re-
cords a connected series of facts, i. 114; which constitute a narrative, i. 117;
its analogy to epic and dramatic poems, and to novels-to histories of sciences
and arts-to a clinical history, and to a history of the earth, i. 120; history
of savages, i. 139; origin of history, i. 140; it ought to be true, i. 181, 222;
causes of falsehood in history-viz., personal interest, i. 223; party
and national spirit, i. 224; carelessness in investigating the truth, i. 227;
its employment for a moral or didactic purpose, i. 230; the introduc-
tion into it of fictitious speeches, i. 232; the interpolation of conjectural
glosses and theories, i. 243; mythical treatment of history, i. 251;
early history of Athens, i. 260; of Lacedæmon, i. 263; early history
of Peloponnesian states uncertain, i. 265; histories written after the
time, on what evidence they ought to be founded, i. 270; history
must be well attested and tried by the law of probability, i. 289;
discrimination must be used in the selection of facts, i. 293; the scale
of a history depends on its aim, i. 294; its sphere has been enlarged
in modern times, i. 298; universal history, its character, i. 302; ii. 438;
history of man, i. 303; history of civilization, i. 304; ii. 438; physical
history of man, i. 304; abstract, i. 305; ii. 438; mode of registering
historical facts, i. 308; its difference from the mode in physics, i. 309;
history is a scientific art, i. 312; history must be kept distinct from
theory, i. 314; history ought to prove nothing, i. 315; it does not
predict, ii. 349; is concerned only with events which cannot be pre-
dicted, ii. 363; how early history ought to be investigated, ii. 414;
history of progress of civilization, ii. 418, 438.

Historian, contemporary, i. 181; how he forms his history, i. 184; he must
exercise discrimination in the selection of facts, i. 293; distinction between
the historian and the purveyor to history, i. 295.

Historians, early Greek, i. 61, 258; early Roman, i. 64, 259, 265.

Historical and physical facts, their distinction, i. 120; historical poems and
romances, i. 247.

Hobbes, his political writings, i. 69; does not allude to previous writers, i. 74 ;
his doctrine of the social compact, i. 426.

Holberg, Baron v., his Klimii Iter Subterraneum, ii. 273.

Homer, preservation of his poems in writing, i. 207; by oral tradition, i. 218;
how the historical character of his poems is to be determined, i. 248,
280, 292.

Homo homini lupus,' and ‘homo homini deus,' i. 27, n.

Human nature, its uniformity, ii. 38, 139.

Humboldt, Alexander v., on the races of mankind, ii. 434, n.

Hume, on the characteristics of forms of government, ii. 58; his remark on
Machiavel, ii. 88.

Hypotheses in politics, four classes of, ii. 117; hypotheses may be varied at
pleasure, ii. 121; they originate in uncertainty, ii. 122.

Hypothetical causes, general, i. 434; special, i. 435; hypothetical method of
investigating past events, i. 442; hypothetical investigation of causes,
i. 362, 383, 450; yhpothetical cases, ii. 4.

Iambulus, his account of an imaginary Australian people, ii. 264.

Ideal models, ii. 161, 236; ideal beauty in art, ii. 237; ideal states, ii. 243;
ideal state of Hippodamus, ib. ; of Xenophon, ib. ; ii. 245; of Plato, ii. 246;
of Aristotle, ii. 254; Ideal state of Zeno, ii. 258; ideal states in modern
literature, ii. 265.

Imaginary nations in antiquity, ii. 263.

Imperial subjects, ii. 82.

Impracticability of the Platonic state, ii. 256, n.

Improvement, what it implies, ii. 288, 418.

Inaccuracy in the use of terms produced by a fear of inelegance, i. 90.
Indian empire of England, i. 177.

Inductive argument, method of, i. 368; ii. 23; number of cases necessary
for, i. 377, ii. 22; inductive and deductive methods of reasoning,
ii. 130.

Intent, or purpose, of a law, i. 453.

Interest, the chief cause of erroneous observation in politics, i. 146.
International law, a branch of politics, i. 44; positive international law, i. 55;
speculative international law, i. 59; treated by Grotius and Puffendorf,
i. 67; its technical terms, i. 100; universal principles of, ii. 35; its intri-
cacy in Europe and rudeness in Asia, ii. 95; international leagues,
ii. 454; copyright, ib.; extradition, ib.

Interpretation of laws, i. 455, 474; ii. 3; of treaties, i. 460; strict or liberal,
i. 474.

Inventions, mechanical, their effects, i. 470; their origins, i. 411; ii. 414; their
history, ii. 422.

Jealousy of co-ordinate power, ii. 78.

Johnson, Dr., on numeration, i. 134; on the records of illiterate nations, i. 139;
his Rasselas, ii. 272.

Jovius, Paulus, his historical speeches, i. 239.

Jurisprudence, a part of politics, i. 44; universal, co-extensive with positive
politics, i. 54, 57, 124; its principles, ii. 27.

Jus gentium, its meaning, i. 67, 95, ii. 29.

Jus naturale, ii. 29.

Kant, on perpetual peace, ii. 287; on the difference between an idea and an
ideal, ii. 303.

King, meaning of the word, i. 82, 90; ii. 61, n.; it is the title of an office, not
the name of a power, i. 86, 101; king of England, ii. 62; meaning of the
maxim that he can do no wrong, ib.; kings of Athens, i. 272; of Rome,
i. 266, 272.

Kingly government preferred by Cicero, ii. 260.

Klimii Iter Subterraneum, by Baron v. Holberg, ii. 273.

Lacedæmon, its government admired by the ancient philosophers, ii. 246;
authority for the accounts of its early history, i. 263.

Lactantius, on the faculties of brutes, i. 28.

Laharpe approves of fictitious speeches in history, i. 240.

Lamarck, his theory of the progressive development of species, i. 37, n.;

ii. 413.

Laplace, on the weakening of historical evidence by time, i. 197.

Law, meaning of the term, i. 81; universal properties of laws, i. 124; effects
of laws divided into four classes, i. 453; intent or purpose of a law, i. 454;
interpretation of laws, i. 455; difficulty of determining their true intent,
i. 456; operative and inoperative, i. 463; intended effects of a law, i. 463;
incidental and desired effects of a law, i. 465; incidental effects of a law,
foreseen, but not desired, i. 468; unforeseen effects of a law, i. 469; ii. 11;
cessation of the cause of a law, ii. 18; unwritten laws, ii. 26.

Law of nature, ii. 83, 133.

Laws of Plato, ii. 246, 252, n.

Legal terms, i. 98.

Legislation, proceeds on a knowledge of facts, i. 126; mode of observation for
legislative purposes, i. 126, 128; method of legislation, i. 456; temporary
and local, i. 174; ex post facto, i. 477; science of, ii. 131.

Leibnitz, on the animal series, i. 18.

Leviathan, of Hobbes, i. 69.

Lex, a condition, i. 328, n.; applied to physical laws, ii. 34, n.

Liberal and illiberal arts, ii. 143, n.

Liberty, political, ii. 323.

Life of a community and life of a man compared, ii. 438.

Limited political theories, ii. 88; their application, ii. 112; they may be
scientific, ii. 128.

Lipsius, Justus, character of his political writings, i. 67.

Livy, his historical character, i. 64; his speeches, i. 237, 240, n.; compares
the obscurity caused by distance of space with that caused by distance of
time, i. 257; his account of the destruction of the early records of Roman
history, i. 265; his discussion of the hypothetical question of the invasion
of Italy, by Alexander, i. 442.

Local legislation, its experimental character, i. 174; how it differs from gene-
ral legislation, ii. 225.

Locke, character of his political writings, 70; he expounds the Whig prin-
ciples of the Revolution of 1688, ib.; does not allude to Hobbes, i. 74 ;
his doctrine of the social compact, i. 427, 429; on universal propositions
in politics, ii. 25; his constitution of Carolina, ii. 256, n.

Lucretius, on physical causes, i. 399; his account of social progress,
ii. 442.

Luke, St., i. 183.

Lycurgus, evidence of his legislation, i. 264, 274; his era, i. 286; laws of
others attributed to him, i. 293; manner in which his history has been
formed, i. 418; his legislation, ii. 226; he proscribed the use of money,
ii. 280.

Macaulay, Mr., on the doctrine of the social compact, i. 427; on the
constancy of the multitude, ii. 45; on the admiration of antiquity,
ii. 229.
Machiavel, his Principe and Discorsi consist of practical precepts, i. 8, 66; his
political speculations, i. 66; his historical speeches, i. 239; on similar
effects of opposite causes, i. 365; his discussion of the influence of artillery
on the Roman conquests, i. 443; on the faithlessness of mankind, ii. 42;
on monarchical governments, ii. 88; on the hereditary character of fami-
lies, ii. 110; his political maxims, ii. 159; his Discorsi, ii. 212; his caution
against a middle course, ii. 318; his use of opposite examples, ii. 382; on
a cycle of governments, ii. 444.

Mackintosh, Sir James, on the defective language of the moral sciences,
i. 79, 97.

Man, a social animal, i. 15, 38; ii. 452; distinguished from the animals by his
capacity for political government, i. 17.

VOL. II.

H H

Mankind, two conceptions of their original state, ii. 274; primitive state of
wildness, ii. 275; golden or Saturnian age, ii. 276; they form one species,
ii. 431; divided into races, ii. 432.

Malthus, on human population, i. 30.
Manuscripts, their preservation, i. 205.

Manzoni, on the story of Lucretia, i. 278.

Mariana, i. 69.

Marks, i. 370.

Maxims, political, i. 53; ii. 157; either founded on theory, or apophthegms,
i. 59; their modification so as to adapt them to practice, ii. 166; their
unsoundness a cause of practical error, ii. 369; their inapplicability a
cause of practical error, ii. 376.

Medical science, its prophetic power, ii 336.

Medicine, observation of facts in, compared with observation of facts in politics,
i. 144; analogy between practical experiments in medicine and politics,
i, 175; between medical and political practice, ii. 403.

Memoirs, how distinguished from history, i. 310.

Memorials, fictitious, of real events, i. 432; of false events, ib.

Messenian wars, evidence for the history of, i. 264; uncertainty of their cause,
i. 284; and of their date, i. 286.

Metaphysics, ii. 344.

Meteorology, its prophetic powers, ii. 340; its influence in politics, ii. 393.
Method of agreement, i. 342, 353, 374, 381, 384, 391 ; ii. 66.

Method of concomitant variations, i. 357.

Method of continuous comparison, i. 390.

Method of difference, i. 342, 347, 348, 351, 353, 358, 365, 374, 378.

Method of inverse variation, i. 389.

Method of reasoning, its uses, i. 4.
Method of residues, i. 356, 476.

Mill, Mr. John Stuart, considers political economy a part of social, not of
political science, i. 46; his definition of social science, or sociology, i. 51;
his definition of causation, i. 324; on the four methods of inductive
logic, i. 341, 344, 348, 349, 356, 357; on the neglect of negative instances,
i. 382; on the existence of a science of government, ii. 128; on the use
of inductive and deductive methods, ii. 130; on the science of legislation,
ii. 132.

Mitford, Mr., confounds the domestic and imperial government of Athens,
ii. 83.

Mixed government, ii. 76; approved by Cicero, ii. 260.
Models, political, real and ideal, ii. 161; real, ii. 203; difference between real
models in politics and in the useful arts, ii. 223; ideal, ii. 236; badness
of real models a cause of practical error, ii. 379; misapplication of real
models a cause of practical error, ii. 380.

Monarchy, use of the word, i. 82, 85, 92; limited monarchy, i. 82, 83; its
confusion with royalty, i. 82, 90; despotic monarchy has been the pre-
vailing government of the human race, ii. 60; how its characteristics are
to be determined, ii. 67; ambiguity of the word, ii. 388.

Monogamy, ii. 32; characteristic of European nations, ii. 97.
Montesquieu, character of his political writings, i. 70, 420; ii. 52; does not
quote Grotius, i. 74; his use of the word law, i. 81; on monarchy,
i. 90, n.; on the indifference of the orientals about religion, i. 177; on
different effects of similar laws, i. 441; his argument on Poland, i. 450;