Majesty's name, or that he refuses his Assent to such Bill, or that he reserves such Bill for the Signification of Her Majesty's Pleasure thereon; provided always, that it shall and may be lawful for the Governor, before declaring his Pleasure in regard to any Bill so presented to him, to make such Amendments in such Bill as he thinks needful or expedient, and by Message to return such Bill with such Amendments to the Legislative Council or the House of Representatives as he shall think the more fitting, and the Consideration of such Amendments by the said Council and House respectively shall take place in such convenient Manner as shall in and by the Rules and Orders aforesaid be in that Behalf provided.

conform to

Her Majesty.

LVII. It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, with the Governor to Advice of Her Privy Council, or under Her Majesty's Instructions Signet and Sign Manual, or through one of Her Principal transmitted by Secretaries of State, from Time to Time to convey to the Governor of New Zealand such Instructions as to Her Majesty shall seem meet, for the Guidance of such Governor, for the Exercise of the Powers hereby vested in him of assenting to or dissenting from or for reserving for the Signification of Her Majesty's Pleasure Bills to be passed by the said Legislative Council and House of Representatives; and it shall be the Duty of such Governor to act in obedience to such Instructions.

Governor.

LVIII. Whenever any Bill which shall have been pre- As to Dissented for Her Majesty's Assent to the Governor shall by Her Majesty of allowance by such Governor have been assented to in Her Majesty's Bills assented Name, he shall by the first convenient opportunity trans- to by the mit to one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State an authentic Copy of such Bill so assented to; and it shall be lawful, at any Time within Two Years after such Bill shall have been received by the Secretary of State, for Her Majesty, by Order in Council, to declare Her Disallowance of such Bill; and such Disallowance, together with a Certificate under the Hand and Seal of the Secretary of State certifying the Day on which such Bill was received as aforesaid, being signified by the Governor to

No reserved

Force until

the said Legislative Council and House of Representatives
by Speech or Message, or by Proclamation in the Govern-
ment Gazette, shall make void and annul the same from
and after the Day of such Signification.

LIX. No Bill which shall be reserved for the SignifiBill to have any cation of Her Majesty's Pleasure thereon shall have any assented to by Force or Authority within New Zealand until the Governor Her Majesty. shall signify, either by Speech or Message to the said Legislative Council and House of Representatives, or by Proclamation, that such Bill has been laid before Her Majesty in Council, and that Her Majesty has been pleased to assent to the same; and an Entry shall be made in the Journals of the said Legislative Council and House of Representatives of every such Speech, Message, or Proclamation, and a Duplicate thereof, duly attested, shall be delivered to the Registrar of the Supreme Court, or other proper Officer, to be kept among the Records of New Zealand; and no Bill which shall be so reserved as aforesaid shall have any Force or Authority within New Zealand, unless Her Majesty's Assent thereto shall have been so signified as aforesaid within the Space of Two Years from the Day on which such Bill shall have been presented for Her Majesty's Assent to the Governor as aforesaid.

Her Majesty

may cause Laws of

Inhabitants to

LXXI. And whereas it may be expedient that the Laws, Customs, and Usages of the aboriginal or native aboriginal Inhabitants of New Zealand, so far as they are not rebe maintained. pugnant to the general Principles of Humanity, should for the present be maintained for the Government of themselves, in all their Relations to and Dealings with each other, and that particular Districts should be set apart within which such Laws, Customs, or Usages should be so observed:

It shall be lawful for Her Majesty, by any Letters
Patent to be issued under the Great Seal of the United
Kingdom, from Time to Time to make Provision for the
Purposes aforesaid, any Repugnancy of any such native
Laws, Customs, or Usages to the Law of England, or to

any Law, Statute, or Usage in force in New Zealand, or in any Part thereof, in anywise notwithstanding.

the Lands of

LXXIII. It shall not be lawful for any person other Saving as to than Her Majesty, Her Heirs or Successors, to purchase aboriginal or in anywise acquire or accept from the aboriginal native Tribes. Natives Land of or belonging to or used or occupied by them in common as Tribes or Communities, or to accept any Release or Extinguishment of the Rights of such aboriginal Natives in any such Land as aforesaid; and no Conveyance or Transfer, or Agreement for the Conveyance or Transfer, of any such Land, either in perpetuity or for any Term or Period, either absolutely or conditionally, and either in Property or by way of Lease or Occupancy, and no such Release or Extinguishment as aforesaid, shall be of any Validity or Effect unless the same be made to, or entered into with, and accepted by Her Majesty, Her Heirs or Successors: Provided always, that it shall be lawful for Her Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, by Instructions under the Signet and Royal Sign Manual, or signified through one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, to delegate Her Powers of accepting such Conveyances or Agreements, Releases or Relinquishments, to the Governor of New Zealand, or the Superintendent of any Province within the Limits of such Province, and to prescribe or regulate the Terms on which such Conveyances or Agreements, Releases or Extinguishments, shall be accepted.

CONSTITUTION OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. 11 MARCH, 1861.

["British and Foreign State Papers," vol. 51, 1860-1861, pp. 879-892. Portions of this Constitution which are almost exactly similar to the corresponding passages in the Constitution of the United States, 1787, are summarised with the appropriate references to the latter for purposes of comparison. New or amended articles are given in full.]

WE, the people of the Confederate States, each State acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent Federal Government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity-invoking the favour and guidance of Almighty God-do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States of America.

Article I. Sect. i. [Establishment of bicameral legislature (U.S. Constitution, Art. I, sect. i).]

Sect. ii. 1. [Provision for the duration of the House of Representatives and for the electoral franchise (U.S., I, ii, 1)] but no person of foreign birth, not a citizen of the Confederate States, shall be allowed to vote for any offices, civil or political, State or federal.

2. [Qualifications for a Representative (U.S., I, ii, 2).]

3. [Apportionment of Representatives and direct taxes. Enumeration of all free persons and three fifths of all slaves every 10 years. Quota at least 50,000 (U.S., I, ii, 3).]

4. [Executive of each State to issue writs when vacancies occur (U.S., I, ii, 4).]

5. The House of Representatives to choose its own officers and to have sole powers of impeachment (U.S., I, ii, 5)]; except that any judicial or other Federal officer, resident and acting

156

solely within the limits of any State, may be impeached by a vote of two thirds of both branches of the Legislature thereof.

Sect. iii. 1. [Provision for the selection of Senators (U.S., I, iii, 1).]

2. [Provision for the division of Senators into classes and for the filling of vacancies which occur during recess of State legislature (U.S., I, iii, 2).]

3. [Qualifications for a Senator (U.S., I, iii, 3).]

4. [Vice-President to be President of Senate (U.S., I, iii, 4). 5. [Senate to elect other officers (U.S., I, iii, 5).]

6. [Senate to try impeachments. If President accused, Chief Justice to preside (U.S., I, iii, 6).]

7. [Maximum penalty for impeachment to be loss of and disqualification for office (U.S., I, iii, 7).]

Sect. iv. 1. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof, subject to the provisions of this Constitution; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to times and places of choosing Senators [U.S., I, iv, 1].

2. [Provision for meeting of Congress (U.S., I, iv, 2).]

Sect. v. [Powers of Houses re elections (§ 1), rules of procedure (§ 2), journals (§ 3) and adjournment (§ 4).], [U.S., I, v.]

Sect. vi. 1. [Payment and privileges of members (U.S., I, vi, 1).]

2. [Members may not be appointed to civil offices and no minister may be a member of either House (U.S., I, vi, 2).] But Congress may, by law, grant to the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments a seat upon the floor of either House, with the privilege of discussing any measures appertaining to his department.

Sect. vii. 1. [Powers of the two Houses re Money Bills (U.S., I, vii, 1).]

2. [Suspensive veto of President (U.S., I, vii, 2).]

The President may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same Bill. In such case he shall, in signing the Bill, designate the appropriations disapproved;