for the inhabitants of all territory belonging to the Confederate
States, lying without the limits of the several States; and may
permit them at such times, and in such manner as it may by
law provide, to form States to be admitted into the Confederacy.
In all such territory, the institution of negro slavery, as it now
exists in the Confederate States, shall be recognized and pro-
tected by Congress and by the territorial Government; and the
inhabitants of the several Confederate States and territories shall
have the right to take to such territory any slaves lawfully
held by them in any of the States or territories of the Confeder-
ate States.

4. [Confederation to guarantee to each State republican form
of Government, to protect each from invasion and, if asked by
legislature, from domestic violence (U.S., IV, iv).]

Article V. Sect. i.-Upon the demand of any three States.
legally assembled in their several Conventions, the Congress
shall summon a Convention of all the States, to take into con-
sideration such amendments to the Constitution as the States
shall concur in suggesting at the time when the said demand is
made; and should any of the proposed amendments to the
Constitution be agreed on by the said Convention-voting by
States-and the same be ratified by the legislatures of
two-thirds of the Several States, or by Conventions in two-
thirds thereof as the one or the other mode of ratification
may be proposed by the general Convention-they shall thence-
forward form a part of this Constitution. But no State shall,
without its consent, be deprived of its equal representation in
the Senate.

-

Article VI. 1. [The Government established by this constitu-
tion is the successor of the Provisional Government of the Con-
federate States of America, and all the laws passed by the latter
shall continue in force until the same shall be repealed or modi-
fied; and all officers appointed by the same shall remain in
office till their successors are appointed and qualified, or the
offices abolished.]

2. [All previous debts and engagements are valid against the
Confederate States (U.S., VI, 1).]

3. [The Constitution, together with federal laws and treaties

is the supreme law of the land, and judges in every state shall
be bound by it (U.S., VI, 2).]

4. [All Senators and Representatives and all officers are
bound by oath to support the Constitution (U.S., VI, 3).]

5. [Rights retained by people of several states not disparaged
by anything in Constitution (U.S., Amendment IX).]

6. [The powers not delegated to the Confederate States by
the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved
to the States respectively or to the people thereof (U.S. Amend-
ment).]

Article VII. 1. [For ratification of Constitution it is suffi-
cient that Conventions of 5 States agree (U.S., VII, 1).]

2. [When 5 States shall have ratified this Constitution, in
the manner before specified, the Congress under the Provisional
Government shall then prescribe time for electing President
and for meeting of Electoral College, for counting votes and
inaugurating the President. They shall also prescribe the time
for holding the first election of members of Congress and for
its assembly. Meanwhile this Congress shall continue.]

THE QUEBEC RESOLUTIONS PRECEDENT TO THE
CONFEDERATION OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.
10 OCTOBER, 1864.

Printed

["Debates in the Parliament of Canada on the Confederation of
the British North American Provinces," Quebec, 1865.
by Order of the Legislature, pp. 1027-1032.]
[RESOLUTIONS adopted at Quebec, 10th October, 1864, at a
Conference of delegates from Upper and Lower Canada, New
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfound-
land.]

I. The best interests and present and future prosperity of
British North America will be promoted by a Federal Union
under the Crown of Great Britain, provided such union can be
effected on principles just to the several Provinces.

II. In the Federation of the British North American
Provinces, the system of Government best adapted under existing
circumstances to protect the diversified interests of the several

Provinces, and secure efficiency, harmony and permanency in the working of the Union, would be a General Government charged with matters of common interest to the whole country, and Local Governments for each of the Canadas, and for the Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, charged with the control of local matters in their respective sections,-provision being made for the admission into the Union, on equitable terms, of Newfoundland, the North-West Territory, British Columbia and Vancouver.

III. In framing a Constitution for the General Government, the Conference, with a view to the perpetuation of our connexion with the Mother Country, and the promotion of the best interests of the people of these Provinces, desire to follow the model of the British Constitution, so far as our circumstances will permit.

IV. The Executive Authority or Government shall be vested in the Sovereign of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and be administered according to the well-understood principles of the British Constitution, by the Sovereign personally, or by the Representative of the Sovereign duly authorised.

V. The Sovereign or Representative of the Sovereign shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Land and Naval Militia Forces. VI. There shall be a General Legislature or Parliament for the Federated Provinces, composed of a Legislative Council and a House of Commons.

VII. For the purpose of forming the Legislative Council, the Federated Provinces shall be considered as consisting of three divisions: 1st, Upper Canada; 2nd, Lower Canada; 3rd, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island; each division with an equal representation in the Legislative Council.

VIII. Upper Canada shall be represented in the Legislative Council by 24 members, Lower Canada by 24 members, and the three Maritime Provinces by 24 members, of which Nova Scotia shall have 10, New Brunswick 10, and Prince Edward Island 4 members.

IX. The Colony of Newfoundland shall be entitled to enter the proposed Union with a representation in the Legislative Council of 4 members.

X. The North-West Territory, British Columbia and Vancouver shall be admitted into the Union on such terms and conditions as the Parliament of the Federated Provinces shall deem equitable, and as shall receive the assent of Her Majesty; and in the case of the Province of British Columbia or Vancouver, as shall be agreed to by the Legislature of such Province.

XI. The members of the Legislative Council shall be appointed by the Crown under the Great Seal of the General Government, and shall hold office during life; if any Legislative Councillor shall, for two consecutive sessions of Parliament, fail to give his attendance in the said Council, his seat shall thereby become vacant.

XII. The members of the Legislative Council shall be British subjects by birth or naturalization, of the full age of thirty years, shall possess a continuous real property qualification of four thousand dollars over and above all incumbrances, and shall be and continue worth that sum over and above their debts and liabilities; but in the case of Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, the property may be either real or personal.

XIII. If any question shall arise as to the qualification of a Legislative Councillor, the same shall be determined by the Council.

XIV. The first selection of the members of the Legislative Council shall be made, except as regards Prince Edward Island, from the Legislative Councils of the various Provinces so far as a sufficient number be found qualified and willing to serve; such members shall be appointed by the Crown at the recommendation of the General Executive Government, upon the nomination of the respective Local Governments, and in such nomination due regard shall be had to the claims of the members of the Legislative Council of the opposition in each Province, so that all political parties may, as nearly as possible, be fairly represented.

XV. The Speaker of the Legislative Council (unless otherwise provided by Parliament) shall be appointed by the Crown from among the members of the Legislative Council, and shall hold office during pleasure, and shall only be entitled to a casting vote on an equality of votes.

XVI. Each of the twenty-four Legislative Councillors, representing Lower Canada in the Legislative Council of the General Legislature shall be appointed to represent one of the twenty-four Electoral Divisions mentioned in Schedule A of Chapter first of the Consolidated Statutes of Canada, and such Councillor shall reside or possess his qualification in the Division he is appointed to represent.

XVII. The basis of Representation in the House of Commons shall be Population, as determined by the Official Census every ten years; and the number of members at first shall be 194, distributed as follows:

Upper Canada

Lower Canada

Nova Scotia.

New Brunswick

Newfoundland

Prince Edward Island

82

65

19

15

8

5

XVIII. Until the Official Census of 1871 has been made up, there shall be no change in the number of representatives from the several sections.

XIX. Immediately after the completion of the Census of 1871, and immediately after every decennial census thereafter, the Representation from each section in the House of Commons shall be readjusted on the basis of Population.

XX. For the purpose of such readjustments, Lower Canada shall always be assigned sixty-five members, and each of the other sections shall, at each readjustment, receive, for the ten years then next succeeding, the number of members to which it will be entitled on the same ratio of Representation to Population as Lower Canada will enjoy according to the Census last taken, by having sixty-five Members.

XXI. No reduction shall be made in the number of members returned by any section, unless its population shall have decreased, relatively to the population of the whole Union, to the extent of five per centum.

XXII. In computing at each decennial period the number of members to which each section is entitled, no fractional parts shall be considered, unless when exceeding one-half the number