of society so much as they are due to our disagreements as to just what things, in the long run, are really worth doing? Even the natural scientist does not pretend to tell us what these are: he can often tell us how to do what we want to do; but he can never tell us, except in a very secondary way, what we should want to do. For such matters as this, the scientist is not and never will be able to dispense with the humanist and the prophet. Likewise a social scientist could never teach society any great end worth working for; but in times past, as Professor Teggart knows, good old-fashioned narrative historians, who were also artists and philosophers, have done their bit towards making men agree upon the ends which they should seek. Perhaps, then, the historians and sociologists who fondly believe that they are scientists, or would like to become such, are on the wrong track; to gain the ends they have in view-the amelioration and control of society-perhaps they ought to turn their backs upon "science" for a while, and cultivate the humanities. A good many people are beginning to hold this view and to ask, in the words of a recent English writer (J. B. Black, The Art of History, London, 1926), "is it permissible to believe that when the humanist has come into his own once more we shall see the subject [of history], freed from excessive subserviency to 'science,' rise again to the commanding position it held in the days of Voltaire and Gibbon-the indispensable passport of every educated person, and a social force of the first magnitude?" Such, at any rate, is the belief of the present reviewer. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. J. W. SWAIN. Celse; ou le conflit de la civilisation antique et du Christianisme primitif. LOUIS ROUGIER. Paris: Édition du Siècle. 1926. Pp. 442. This is the first volume of a series entitled "Les Maitres de la Pensée Antichrétienne," and is written by the general editor. The series will appeal, on the strength of its title, to socialists of the more aggressive type, but they will be disappointed. M. Rougier regards the modern popular movement as nothing but Christianity pushed to the absurd limit. His purpose is to assert the rational, aristocratic view of life, of which the Greek thinkers were the typical exponents, over against the fanciful, sentimental view which he attributes to Hebrew and above all to Christian influence. His series naturally begins with Celsus, the first writer to attack the new religion with reasoned argument. He believes that in the work of Celsus, more clearly than anywhere else, the fundamental antith esis of the Greek to the Christian view is stated. This cultivated and highly intelligent Pagan, writing at the time when the ancient civilization was at its zenith, perceived the insidious danger of the new movement, and exposed its fallacies, with ample knowledge of its scriptures and traditions. He denounced it as breaking up the social order, as substituting blind faith for reason, as encouraging a false and morbid morality which exalted the weak and erring man above the virtuous. M. Rougier reviews the arguments of Celsus in the clear and interesting style which we expect in the best French writing, and with a scholarship which is none the less real because it is not obtrusive. He keeps his "anti-Christian" bias well in the background, and gives us a book of historical and philosophical value. Celsus has usually been left to Christian apologists, who were mainly intent on demonstrating the futility of his arguments. Even for the purposes of church history it is useful to have a book which enters with thorough sympathy into Celsus' point of view. The book has certainly to be read with caution. M. Rougier has little understanding of the aim and character of early Christianity. He idealizes the ancient world, and often seems to confound the decadent culture of the Empire with that of Plato's Republic. In his anxiety to make Celsus the spokesman of pure rationalism he ignores his belief in magic and demons, and does scant justice to the genuine religious feeling which underlies his scepticism. When all is said, Celsus did not attack religion, but only the Christian conception of religion as opposed to the Greek. To treat him as a twentieth-century rationalist of the Parisian school is to overlook precisely the most vital fact in his polemic. Perhaps the most valuable part of M. Rougier's work is his reconstruction of the "True Discourse" from the scattered quotations of Origen. The task has been attempted before, but never so skilfully. By thus allowing Celsus to speak for himself M. Rougier enables the reader to check many of the conclusions which are too plausibly presented in the body of the book. E. F. SCOTT. UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. JOURNALS AND NEW BOOKS SCIENTIA. Vol. XL, N. CLXXV-II. La meccanica di Leonardo da Vinci: R. Marcolongo. Chemistry in Islam: E. J. Holmyard. Probleme der pathologischen Pflanzenanotomie: E. Küster. Ce que l'on appelle la "ratification" des conventions internationales du travail : C. A. Reuterskiöld. Bouglé, C.: The Evolution of Values. Studies in Sociology with Special Applications to Teaching. Translated by Helen Stalker Sellars. With an introduction by R. W. Sellars. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1926. xxxvii +277 pp. $2.00. Lang, Wolfram: Das Traumbuch des Synesius von Kyrene. Uebersetzung und Analyse der philosophischen Grundlagen. (Heidelberger Abhandlungen zur Philosophie und ihrer Geschicte, No. 10.) Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). 1926. 91 pp. 3.60 M. Mumford, Lewis: The Golden Day. A Study in American Experience and Culture. New York: Boni & Liveright. 1926. 28% pp. $2.50. Riley, Woodbridge: From Myth to Reason. The Story of the March of Mind in the Interpretation of Nature. New York: D. Appleton Co. 1926. xii + 327 pp. $2.50. Taeusch, Carl F.: Professional and Business Ethics. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1926. xiii +370 pp. $3.00. Sellars, Roy Wood: The Principles and Problems of Philosophy. New York: Macmillan Co. 1926. xiv + 517 pp. Wahl, Jean: Étude sur le Parménide de Platon. Paris: F. Rieder et Cie. 1926. 276 pp. 20 frs. NOTES AND NEWS A series of lectures is being given at Clark University, Worcester, Mass., on the subject "The Case for and against Psychical Research": November 29, Professor Joseph Jastrow, University of Wisconsin; November 30, Dr. L. R. G. Crandon, of Boston, Mass.; December 3, Dr. Walter F. Prince, Boston Society of Psychic Research; December 4, Professor F. C. 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