The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes, Količina 1Cambridge University Press, 1978 - 250 strani Imre Lakatos' philosophical and scientific papers are published here in two volumes. Volume I brings together his very influential but scattered papers on the philosophy of the physical sciences, and includes one important unpublished essay on the effect of Newton's scientific achievement. Volume II presents his work on the philosophy of mathematics (much of it unpublished), together with some critical essays on contemporary philosophers of science and some famous polemical writings on political and educational issues. Imre Lakatos had an influence out of all proportion to the length of his philosophical career. This collection exhibits and confirms the originality, range and the essential unity of his work. It demonstrates too the force and spirit he brought to every issue with which he engaged, from his most abstract mathematical work to his passionate 'Letter to the director of the LSE'. Lakatos' ideas are now the focus of widespread and increasing interest, and these volumes should make possible for the first time their study as a whole and their proper assessment. |
Vsebina
Science and pseudoscience | 1 |
Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes | 8 |
2 Fallibilism versus falsificationism | 10 |
a Dogmatic or naturalistic falsif1cationism The empirical basis | 12 |
b Methodological falsificationism The empirical basis | 20 |
c Sophisticated versus naive methodological falsificationism Progressive and degenerating problemshifts | 31 |
3 A methodology of scientific research programme | 47 |
the hard core of the programme | 48 |
d Conclusion | 138 |
Popper on demarcation and induction | 139 |
1 Popper on demarcation | 140 |
b How can one criticize the rules of the scientific game? | 144 |
c A quasiPolanyiite falsif1cation of Poppers demarcation criterion | 146 |
d An amended demarcation criterion | 148 |
e An amended metacriterion | 151 |
scepticism and fallibilism | 154 |
the construction of the protective belt and the relative autonomy of theoretical science | 49 |
Prout and Bohr | 52 |
a research programme progressing in an ocean of anomalies | 53 |
a research programme progressing on inconsistent foundations | 55 |
the end of instant rationality | 68 |
1 The MichelsonMorley experiment | 73 |
2 The LummerPringsheim experiments | 79 |
3 Betadecay versus conservation laws | 81 |
4 Conclusion The requirement of continuous growth | 86 |
4 The Popperian versus the Kuhnian research programme | 90 |
Popper falsificationism and the DuhemQuine thesis | 93 |
History of science and its rational reconstructions | 102 |
rational reconstructions as guides to history | 103 |
b Conventionalism | 105 |
c Methodological falsificationism | 108 |
d Methodology of scientific research programmes | 110 |
e Internal and external history | 118 |
Critical comparison of methodologies history as a test of its rational reconstructions | 121 |
history falsifies falsificationism and any other methodology | 123 |
b The methodology of historiographical research programmes History to varying degrees corroborates its rational reconstructions | 131 |
c Against aprioristic and antitheoretical approaches to methodology | 136 |
b A plea to Popper for a whiff of inductivism | 159 |
Why did Copernicuss research programme supersede Ptolemys? | 168 |
1 Empiricist accounts of the Copernican Revolution | 169 |
2 Simplicism | 173 |
3 Polyanyiite and Feyerabendian accounts of the Copernican revolution | 176 |
4 The Copernican revolution in the light of the methodology of scientific research programmes | 178 |
5 The Copernican revolution in the light of Zahars new version of the methodology of scientific research programmes | 184 |
6 A postscript on history of science and its rational reconstructions | 189 |
Newtons effect on scientific standards | 193 |
b Psychologistic justificationism | 195 |
c Justificationist fallibilism | 198 |
2 Newtonian methodology versus Newtonian method | 201 |
b Newtonians against metaphysical criticism | 202 |
c Newtons idea of experimental proof and its credo quid absurdum | 208 |
d Newtonians and factual criticism | 214 |
e Newtons double legacy | 220 |
223 | |
Lakatos bibliography | 237 |
240 | |
Pogosti izrazi in povedi
accepted actual Agassi anomalies appraisal auxiliary hypotheses basic statements Bohr Bohr's Cartesian ceteris paribus ceteris paribus clause chapter claim conventionalism conventionalist Copernican Revolution Copernicus Copernicus's corroborated criticism crucial experiment decision demarcation criterion discussion dogmatic falsificationism Duhem Einstein's empirical basis epistemological ether experimental explain external fallibilism false falsificationism falsificationist falsified Feyerabend gravitation hard core historiographical history of science hypothesis idea inconsistent inductive principle inductivism inductivist instance internal history interpretation irrational justificationism justificationist Kepler knowledge Kuhn Kuhn's Lakatos logic of discovery metaphysical methodological falsificationism methodological falsificationist methodology of scientific Michelson Michelson-Morley experiment naive falsificationism naive falsificationist Newton's theory Newtonian novel facts phenomena philosophy of science planets Popper Popperian positive heuristic predicted problem of demarcation problem of induction progress propositions proved pseudoscience psychological Ptolemaic Ptolemy's quantum rational reconstruction refuted rejection rival rules scepticism scientific research programmes scientific theories scientists sense sophisticated theoretical truth verisimilitude volume Watkins