the work for the master's degree is expected to be done in residence, graduates of this University or other approved candidates may complete a part of their work in absence, subject to the approval of the Graduate Council.

Students planning to offer summer session courses in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a higher degree or for the Recommendation for the High School Teacher's Certificate should be careful to select only courses especially designated in the Summer Session Announcement as acceptable for this purpose.

Thesis. The thesis must be typewritten or printed; if typewritten, the page must be 8 × 10 inches, record ink must be used, the left-hand margin must be at least 1 inches wide, and the pages must be unbound and without perforations; if printed separately, it must be uniform in style and size with the University of California Publications. Exceptions are authorized only in drawing and architecture. The thesis must be approved by the department in charge of the candidate's work and must be filed with the University Librarian before the degree can be conferred.

Bachelors of Arts or Science of this University who are pursuing regular courses leading to a degree in a professional college of this University may receive a master's degree under the following conditions:

(a) The candidate must have finished creditably two years of the curriculum of the professional college.

(b) He must have received credit, in addition to his work for the professional degree, for eight semetser units of graduate work, including a thesis, and such graduate work must be approved by the Graduate Council.

V

THE DEGREES OF GRADUATE IN ARCHITECTURE, GRADUATE IN EDUCATION AND GRADUATE IN PUBLIC HEALTH

The specific requirements for the degrees of Graduate in Architecture and Graduate in Public Health are given in the Circular of Information, and in the departmental announcements of this publication.

The specific requirements for the degree of Graduate in Education are given below under the School of Education.

VI

THE DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR

The degree of Juris Doctor is conferred upon the satisfactory completion of the Jaw curriculum provided in the School of Jurisprudence. It is awarded only to the holders of an academic bachelor's degree. Graduates of any college of the University of California, and of other colleges

and universities of approved grade, are admitted as candidates for this degree. Two law courses are maintained, one of three years in length, and one of four years in length. Senior standing is prerequisite for admission to the former and junior standing for the latter. Except as provided for students admitted to advanced standing, candidates for this degree must have been in residence in the School of Jurisprudence during three years or four years, as the case may be. Credit for not more than twelve units will be given for any half-year, and at least eight units must be passed in order to maintain residence. Work done in the summer session may be counted for units, but not for residence, toward the requirements for the degree of J.D. Every candidate for the degree must present an acceptable disertation on some legal topic.

In addition to the regular course examinations which are for the purpose of promotion from class to class, an examination based upon the work of the entire law course is required of all candidates for the J.D. degree. The examination may be written or oral or both and may include the working out of practical problems in the Law Library. The purpose of the examination is to test the ability of the student to correlate the subjects studied, formulate general principles, ascertain with accuracy the statutes and decisions, and apply the whole to the solution of a concrete case. The examination will not call for detailed knowledge; it will not be a test either of memory or of ability to cram, but is intended for the sole purpose of determining the efficiency developed by the careful work of three years.

Any person who, after becoming entitled to enter the law curriculum as a regular student, has been in regular attendance for at least one academic year at another law school, having similar admission requirements, may, in the discretion of the Faculty of the School of Jurisprudence, and on such terms, with or without examination, as it may prescribe, receive credit for the work done at such other law school. Every candidate for the J.D. degree must spend the last year of the course in residence in the School of Jurisprudence.

Further information concerning the requirements for the J.D. degree may be found in the separate Announcement of the School of Jurisprudence.

VII

THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

The work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is grouped under certain general headings, such as: I. Intellectual and Moral Philosophy; II. History and Political Science; III. Philological Science; IV. The Natural Sciences.

These groups, however, are by no means intended to be exhaustive.

Technical studies may be included in the minor subjects when specifically approved for graduate study in connection with the major subject by the Graduate Council.

Preliminary Preparation.-A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy must hold a bachelor's degree from one of the colleges of this University, based upon a curriculum that shall have included the requirements for a junior certificate, or must have pursued successfully a course of study equivalent to that represented by such a degree. A reading knowledge of French and German is required.

Plan of Study.-A course of study must be selected by the applicant from the groups above, and approved by the Graduate Council, embracing one principal and one, or two, subsidiary subjects, and extending over a period of at least two years, the last one of which ordinarily must be spent in continuous residence at this University. The work offered as the basis for the principal subject must be equivalent to that classed as "primarily for graduates.''

The relation of the subsidiary subjects to the principal subject, and the number of them, will depend largely on the character of the proposed course as a whole, and on the student's general attainments. The applicant should be very careful to seek advice in the matter from the officers of the departments in which he wishes to study. The course as a whole must be rationally unified, and all of its constituent parts must contribute to some one general object of research and study; for the subsidiary subjects, by the very meaning of the term, are auxiliaries of the principal subject. Yet over-specialization is discouraged, and ordinarily a course lying wholly within a single department of instruction will not be approved. Candidates will be required to do as much work in the subsidiary subjects as may seem necessary in the judgment of the Graduate Council and of the instructors in immediate charge of each student's candidacy. It is expected that the principal subject will demand at least half of the candidate's time and efforts, or even two-thirds if but one subsidiary subject be chosen.

Advancement to Candidacy.-Applicants for admission to candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy must report in person to the Dean of the Graduate Division, who determines whether all formal requirements have been met.

The candidate must file his application, properly approved by the departments concerned. Such approvals shall signify that the departments consider the candidate sufficiently prepared and able to do effective graduate work in those departments. If desirable in the judgment of

the Dean, a preliminary committee for the investigation of the application may be appointed.

Advancement to candidacy shall take place not later than one year previous to the final examination.

Sub-Committees in Charge of Candidates.—Advancement to candidacy is followed by the appointment of a sub-committee by the Dean of the Graduate Division. Its constitution, and any changes which may subsequently become necessary, are approved by the Graduate Council.

A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy must carry on his studies under the general direction of the Graduate Council; but the immediate direction of the candidate's work is entrusted to a sub-committee composed of the professor in charge of the major subject, as chairman, of the professors in charge of the minor subjects, as associates, and of such other persons as may from time to time be named by the Graduate Council.

Semi-annual Report.-The sub-committee must meet with the candidate not later than two weeks after notification of appointment. It is the duty of the sub-committee, through its chairman, to file with the Dean a written statement of requirements imposed at any time upon the candidate. The sub-committee will be reorganized in case of failure to file a statement within three weeks after appointment. After the applicant has been admitted to candidacy the sub-committee must meet as a whole at least once each half-year, preferably with the candidate. The chairman of the sub-committee reports to the Dean the result of each meeting. The meetings of the sub-committee should take place not later than October 15 and March 15 of each academic year.

Preliminary Examination.-Not later than one half-year before the final examination the sub-committee must satisfy itself by a preliminary examination of the candidate's fitness. The results of the examination are reported by the chairman of the sub-committee to the Dean of the Graduate Division on a blank provided for the purpose.

Final Public Examination.-The final examination is public and oral and is conducted before the entire sub-committee. This examination is regarded as an independent test of the candidate's scholarly ability, apart from the test involved in the preparation of an acceptable thesis.

Thesis. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given, not for the mere reason of faithful study for a prescribed time or in fulfillment of a determined programme, and never for miscellaneous studies, but on the ground of long study and high attainment in a special branch of learning, manifested not only by examinations but by a thesis bearing upon the principal subject of the course and of such a character

as to show power to prosecute independent investigations. The thesis must be presented to the Graduate Council through the Dean of the Graduate Division, upon a date to be determined and announced, and in any event prior to the final examination for the degree. The thesis must receive the approval of the Graduate Council before the degree is recommended.

The thesis shall have been passed upon definitely by the sub-committee and actually accepted two weeks before the final examination; but not before the candidate shall have passed his preliminary examination.

Before the degree is recommended, the thesis or a substantial abridgment thereof must be published, or the candidate must give satisfactory evidence that the thesis will be accepted by some approved publication.

Twelve copies of the printed thesis must be presented to the Library. A deposit of $25.00 must be paid to the Comptroller two weeks before the final examination, to be refunded when the twelve printed copies of the thesis are received by the Librarian. Two weeks before the final public examination, two copies of the original text of the thesis must be in the hands of the Dean of the Graduate Division for faculty inspection. These copies will also be deposited in the Library. When printed as parts of journals or transactions, dissertations or theses shall bear a suitable inscription, to be determined by the Editorial Committee, to the effect that the dissertation is submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of California.

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy will not be conferred until the candidate shall have passed a special examination in each of the subjects presented for the degree, of such a character and at such time as may be determined by the sub-committee in charge, and subsequently thereto shall also have passed a public oral examination in the general field of his work, conducted by the sub-committee, with special emphasis upon familiarity with contemporary research.

Departmental Regulations.—Each department is permitted to adopt regulations concerning requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, provided that all departmental regulations touching these matters are submitted to the Dean of the Graduate Division and are approved by the Graduate Council.