set of fumigation tents, the latest type of portable gas generator, two fumigatoriums, and other accessories. The laboratory is equipped with the usual binocular and compound microscopes, photographic apparatus, incubators, a constant temperature room, dark room, et cetera. Preliminary Requirements.-Prospective students must be graduates of colleges of recognized standing where full courses have been taken in entomological and allied subjects. Research.-Citrus insects have furnished the field for much of the economic entomological work of Southern California. As a consequence there are many promising problems in other fields which have not been touched, as well as further work in the citrus field. Students may elect entomology as a major or minor subject for the master's or doctor's degree. ORCHARD MANAGEMENT Professors: L. D. BATCHELOR, R. S. VAILE. Instructor: W. E. GOODSPEED. Southern California presents many unique problems and practices in orchard management and economics. The region tributary to the laboratory offers especially favorable opportunity for research along the following lines: coöperation in marketing, in purchase of supplies, and protection against insect pests and frost; the economic development of new orchard acreages or the opening of new sections for orchard purposes; the most desirable size of orchard units; the value of specialized orcharding as against more diversified farming; the relations under field conditions between yield and various cultural practices; the efficiency of orchard labor and machinery; orchard accounting and record keeping. Graduate courses and research projects will be arranged as desired. Instructor: H. B. FROST. PLANT BREEDING Facilities. The facilities for graduate instruction and research include: laboratory equipment for biometrical, histological, and cytological work; ample nursery and orchard facilities for the cultivation of plants and the study of variation; an extensive collection of fruit, nut, and ornamental plants, which is rapidly being assembled on the experimental grounds; and the reference library which includes numerous books, periodicals and bulletins in the field of genetics and related subjects. The proximity of the institution to extensive agricultural and horticul tural industries facilitates the study of varied and extensive problems, the crops readily accessible for study including the principal citrus and deciduous fruits, the olive, the walnut, the almond, and various field crops. Further, the wide range of soil and climatic conditions existing in the valleys and mountains about Riverside specially facilitate the study of adaptation with both wild and cultivated plants. Research. The department has taken up a study of variation and adaptation with the Persian walnut, and extensive hybridization work with citrus fruits; work on mutation and heredity in certain annual plants is also under way. This, and similar work that may be undertaken with fruits, nuts, field crops, ornamentals, or other plants, will furnish material for graduate instruction and research. Preliminary Requirements.-Preliminary training should include a thorough preparation in biology and the fundamental principles and technique of genetics. Master's Degree. For the master's degree a combination of research work in plant-breeding with plant physiology, plant pathology, or entomology will be accepted. Doctor of Philosophy.-Subject to the general requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, the department suggests the following grouping: (a) Major, plant breeding; minor or minors, plant physiology, plant pathology, entomology, or chemistry. (b) Plant breeding as a minor in connection with a major in any of the subjects mentioned under (a). PLANT PATHOLOGY Professors: J. T. BARRETT, H. S. FAWCETT. Facilities. The new plant pathology laboratories will offer excellent facilities for research; they are well lighted and furnished with modern equipment, such as compound and binocular microscopes, electric sterilizer, incubators, hot-plates, microscope lamps, autoclaves, and steamers. A modern photographic room and dark room equipped with photographic and drawing apparatus, and stand and field cameras, are provided. The laboratories are surrounded by, or in close proximity to, extensive plantings of semi-tropical and deciduous fruits, nuts, and field crops grown under varying conditions, which continually furnish many important and interesting plant disease problems for investigation. The mild climatic conditions make it possible to prosecute work out of doors throughout the year. Preliminary Requirements.-Preliminary training should consist of a thorough preparation in general botany, including special training in plant physiology, mycology, and bacteriology, and some experience in the technique related thereto. Good training in organic and inorganic chemistry is desirable. Research. The research activities, although largely devoted to citrus diseases, extend to practically all fruit crops. Some of the projects under way or recently completed are: crown gall; cottony rot of lemons; black pit of lemons (bacteria); gum diseases of citrus; Melaxuma of walnut; walnut blight; mottle leaf of citrus; heart rot and root diseases of citrus; citrus fruit spots and rots; internal decline of lemons; fruit spots and rust of stone fruits. Many miscellaneous diseases are being observed, some of which are always suitable for special investigation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Professors: H. S. REED, A. R. C. HAAS. Facilities.—The department is housed in new laboratories well equipped with modern apparatus including dark room for plant culture, room for constant temperature work, ovens, incubators, glassware, reagents, et cetera. Experiments on plants can be conducted in the field through the entire year. Provision for the culture of plants under shelter is also a feature of the equipment. The rapidly growing semi-tropical plants may be advantageously used for many physiological studies. Requirements. Applicants are advised that thorough fundamental knowledge of the principles of botany, chemistry, and physics is a prerequisite for research work in plant physiology. Research.—The department offers opportunity for research work in plant physiology leading to the master's or doctor's degree. The principal problems under investigation or contemplated are: the principles of pruning horticultural plants; action of inorganic poisons upon plants; plant metabolism and enzyme action; the factors influencing the development of the native flora of Southern California; special topics in plant physiology. ANATOMY Professors: H. M. EVANS, V. E. EMMEL, R. O. MOODY, P. E. SMITH. Facilities. The anatomical laboratory is equipped for research work in the broad field embraced by the development and structure of the higher vertebrates. Systematic attention to the descriptive anatomy of man is so influenced by the comparative and embryological viewpoints, and these in turn by physiological considerations, that the department may be described as concerned with the general principles of mammalian morphology. The experimental and dynamic" aspects of the subject are given attention and so far as is possible dominate the work in histology, hematology. neurology and microscopic organology. Animal colonies are maintained for this purpose. Embryological collections are being assembled and kept in fireproof storage. Ample facilities for wax plate reconstruction and for all the usual methods of embryological study are at hand. While the department is temporarily occupying quarters which are not ideally suited to its purpose, it expects to move in the near future to an ample fireproof home in the projected building to be devoted to the medical sciences at the Parnassus site in San Francisco. The department library contains complete sets of the more important morphological periodicals and monographs. Research. The scope of research activity in the Department is indicated by the titles of the following recent publications: On the segregation of macrophage and fibroblast cells by means of vital acid dyes and on the cause of the differential effect of these substances; the macrophages of mammals; on the origin of the corpus luteum of the sow from both granulosa and theca interna; the relation of mitochondria to granules of the vital azo dyes; the pigmentary, growth and endocrine disturbances induced in the Anuran tadpole by the early ablation of the pars buccalis of the hypophysis; observations regarding the erythrocytic origin of blood platelets; a study of the erythrocytes in a case of severe anemia with elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles; on the teaching of anatomy and the inculcation of scientific ideals; the B. N. A. arranged as an outline of regional and systematic anatomy; collaboration in the preparation and publication of a manual of surgical anatomy for the U. S. Army and Navy; a study of coagulation in embryonic blood. Some problems upon which work is being done are: the physical characteristics of solutions of vital stains; the cycle of follicular atresia in mammals, studied by means of vital stains; on the so-called macrophage reaction following the introduction of various substances into the bloodstream; studies on the reaction to acid aniline dyes shown by the placenta and the embryo at various periods of development; the relation of various endocrine glands to ovulation in mammals; oestrus and ovulation in the rat; on the histogenesis of the corpus luteum and the correlation of its cellular structure with the stages of the reproductive cycle; a comparative study of certain cellular elements in the blood of urodeles and mammals; on certain factors involved in the blood-forming activities of the embryonic mammalian liver; on the lymphocytic reaction of the blood-forming organs under experimental conditions. 108. Regional and Topographical Anatomy. MOODY. EVANS, EMMEL, MOODY, and SMITH. |
