Johnson), and a chapter (XVII) is devoted to the subject in The Unity of the Organism (Ritter).

The experiments in heredity have not gone far enough to reach results on the main problem, but a preliminary report, genetic studies on several geographic races of California deer-mice (F. B. Sumner) has just appeared. Dr. Sumner's earlier work on the seeming inheritable effects of unusual temperatures on white mice show something of the type of work, for example, some studies of the environmental influence, heredity, correlation and growth in the white mouse (F. B. Sumner).

Dr. Ritter's main writings, which deal with the mental side of biological investigation, are contained in the following books published by Richard G. Badger, Gorham Press, Boston: The higher usefulness of science; the probable infinity of nature and life; and the unity of the organism or the organismal conception of life.

A full bibliography of papers pertaining to work which was done either wholly or partly by the institution previous to 1912 is contained in The Marine Biological Station of San Diego, its history, present conditions, achievements and aims (Univ. of Calif. Publ. Zool., 9, 1912). A supplementary bibliography of papers is now in process of preparation by the library department. The Hydrographic, Plankton, and Dredging records of the Scripps Institution, etc., by E. L. Michael and G. F. McEwen (Univ. of Calif. Publ. Zoology, 15, 1915) present in detail the field activities of the institution, so far as the sea is concerned.

Admission to the Institution.-Graduate students of the University of California are entitled, by virtue of their enrollment in the Graduate Division of the University, to the privileges of the Scripps Institution, subject to acceptance by the staff of the institution.

Applicants for admission not already enrolled as graduate students of the University must first qualify as university students of this status. They should file their applications with the Recorder of the Faculties at Berkeley.

In very exceptional cases undergraduates may be admitted for special work. Students of this class should first correspond with the Scientific Director of the institution as to their wishes and qualifications; and, should it be deemed by the staff that the applicants are qualified for the work they wish to do, they should then make the necessary arrangements with the Recorder of the Faculties at Berkeley and the Scientific Director of the institution.

Higher Degrees. Students at the institution not already candidates for the master's or doctor's degree by virtue of their status in the University may become candidates; but all official arrangements to this end must be made through the Dean of the Graduate Division at Berkeley. The address of the Scientific Director, is Wm. E. Ritter, La Jolla, California.

BOTANY

Professors: W. A. SETCHELL, W. L. JEPSN, N. L. GARDNER, T. H. GOODSPEED, F. J. SMILEY.

Facilities. The equipment of the botanical department is fairly complete, permitting of a wide range of studies. It includes the following

collections:

1. A phaenogamic herbarium of over 170,000 sheets of mounted specimens and a large quantity of unmounted material which is available for use by responsible investigators. The flora of Western America is here better represented than in any other collection, which permits of satis factory work in preparing revision or monographs of these plants. The economic section contains representatives of the more common eultivated plants, particularly of those grown in California.

2. Cryptogamic herbarium consisting of over 27,000 mounted sheets. The representation of the west coast algae is undoubtedly the most complete in existence. These collections, together with the ease with which marine forms may be collected, render the study of cryptogams, and particularly of algae, very satisfactory.

3. A botanical museum containing valuable sections of woods, bark, cones, et cetera, available for class and research work.

4. A botanical garden where native plants are grown and where cultural experiments may be carried on by qualified students.

5. A working library of over 1200 volumes is placed in immediate connection with the herbarium. This includes general works, floras, monographs, and journals connected with the work in systematic botany. The University Library contains, in addition, many others, as well as a fairly considerable collection of books upon physiological botany, ecology, and genetics.

6. The botanical laboratories are moderately equipped with microscopes, microtomes, glassware, chemicals, et cetera, for study along the several lines represented by the courses offered. A beginning has been made also for the study of experimental physiological botany.

Publications.-Facilities for the publication of research along botanical lines is afforded by the University of California Publications in Botany. This series is in its seventh volume.

Preliminary Requirements.-Preliminary to undertaking full graduate work, students should have completed at least 15 units of major work

in botany with their prerequisites. It is essential in many cases that the preliminary training include also chemistry, physics, advanced mathematics, and also a reading knowledge of French and German. Latin is very desirable for those who intend to specialize along any line of systematic botany. Courses in physiology, plant pathology, and zoology may be included to advantage.

Graduate Courses.-Graduate courses in this department are primarily courses for research. They are offered along the lines of Cryptogamie Botany, Phaenogamic Botany, Plant Physiology, Vegetable Histology and Cytology, Ecology and Geographic Distribution, and Economie Botany. Students in graduate courses are expected to attend and take part in the Botanical Seminar where papers are read and results of investigations and current literature are discussed.

Research. The various lines of research carried on by members of the department and by advanced students embrace systematic botany, plant physiology, histology, cytology, ecology, studies in geneties, geographic distribution and economie botany. The investigations now under way including the following: geographical distribution of the marine algae (W. A. Setchell); marine algae of the Pacific Coast of North America (W. A. Setchell); development of the sporophore of Schizophyllum (W. A. Setchell and F. M. Essig); taxonomie investigation of Californian Liliaceae (W. L. Jepson); study of the glands of Calochortus (W. L. Jepson); monographic revision of West American Loti (Alice M. Ottley); taxonomy of Californian Iridaceae and Orchidaceae (W. L. Jepson); cultural and herbarium studies of Rilies species in Western America (S. Wyckoff); taxonomy of California Juncaceae (W. L. Jepson and Elizabeth Ferguson); studies of West American Lupini (Helen Bergfried); cultural and taxonomic studies of Berberis in North America (W. L. Jepson and Anna E. Ehlers); taxonomy of Phacelia (W. L. Jepson and Docia Patchett); reaction of Arctostaphylos to chaparral fires (W. L. Jepson); revision of Californian Cyperaceae (K. K. Mackenzie and W. L. Jepson); marine algae of the Pacific Coast of North America (N. L. Gardner); flowersize studies in Nicotiana hybrids (T. H. Goodspeed and R. E. Clausen); cytological studies on Nicotiana hybrids (T. H. Goodspeed); factors influencing germination of tobacco seed (T. H. Goodspeed); sterility in Nicotiana hybrids (T. H. Goodspeed and R. E. Clausen); studies on Trillium (T. H. Goodspeed); origin and distribution of rubber in West American shrubs (T. H. Goodspeed); cytological studies on Torreya californica (Helen Bergfried and T. H. Goodspeed); cytological studies on the Sequoias (Mildred Crane and T. H. Goodspeed); abscission of flowers and fruits in the genus Vitis (T. H. Goodspeed and Mildred Crane); abscissional responses in Nicotiana (John N. Kendall); phototrophic responses in Fucus and Volvox (Annie M. Hurd); factors

influencing the formation of adventitious roots (T. H. Goodspeed and S. K. Mitra); studies on the high mountain vegetation of California (F. J. Smiley); weed survey of California (F. J. Smiley); study of temperature control by slope exposure (Dolly C. Lutjeharms); studies on the flora of Mexico (T. S. Brandegee); monographic revisions of West American genera (Katherine Brandegee); studies in the relation of plants to hay fever (H. M. Hall); studies of West American plants as possible sources of rubber (H. M. Hall); field and garden studies of genera and species (H. M. Hall).

Publications. The publications of recent date are as follows: parasitism among the Red Algae (1918) (W. A. Setchell); the marine algae of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part I. Myxophyceae (1919) (W. A. Setchell and N. L. Gardner); a flora of California, parts IV and V (1914) (W. L. Jepson), including a revision of Californian Polygonaceae; a revision of Chenopodiaceae of California; a revision of Amarantaceae of California; a critical review of Nyctaginaceae of California; a revision of Californian Portulacaceae; a revision of the Caryophyllaceae of California; critical taxonomic reviews of Platanaceae, Loranthaceae, Santalaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Saururaceae, Batidaceae, Aizoaceae, Certaophyllaceae, and Nymphaeaceae as occurring in California; new Pacific Coast marine algae, II and III (1918) (N. L. Gardner); new Pacific Coast marine Algae, IV (1919) (N. L. Gardner); an apparatus for flower measurement (1918) (T. H. Goodspeed and R. E. Clausen); notes on the effects of illuminating gas and its constituents in causing abscission of flowers in Nicotiana and Citrus (1918) (T. H. Goodspeed, J. M. McGee and R. W. Hodgson); notes on the germination of tobacco seed, III (1919) (T. H. Goodspeed); method of replacing paraffin solvent with paraffin (1918) (T. H. Goodspeed); modified safety-razor blade holder for temperature control (1918) (T. H. Goodspeed); modification of hand microtome (1918) (T. H. Goodspeed); controlled pollination in Nicotiana (1918) (T. H. Goodspeed and Pirie Davidson); an account of the mode of foliar abscission in Citrus (1918) (R. W. Hodgson); abscission of flowers and fruits in the Solanaceae (1918) (John N. Kendall); an emergency supply of rubber (1918) (H. M. Hall and T. H. Goodspeed); walnut pollen as a cause of hay fever (1918) (H. M. Hall); life-zone indicators in California (1919) (H. M. Hall and Joseph Grinnell); a rubber plant survey of western North America, parts I, II and III (1919) (H. M. Hall and T. H. Goodspeed); Plantae Mexicanae Purpusianae, 1X (1919) (T. S. Brandegee).

Master's Degree.-Any one, or more, of the graduate courses may be offered toward the master's degree, taken in connection with the Botanical Seminar. The work of these courses may lead directly toward the preparation of the thesis.

Doctor of Philosophy.-Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy are expected to be proficient in the general lines of undergraduate work represented in the department and to choose their research work from one or more of the courses offered to graduates.

GRADUATE COURSES

225A-225в. Advanced Cryptogamic Botany.

226A-226в. Advanced Phaenogamic Botany.

227A-227в. Advanced Vegetable Histology and Cytology. 228A-228в. Advanced Plant Physiology.

SETCHELL.

JEPSON.

GOODSPEED.

GOODSPEED

and SMILEY.

SMILEY.

The Staff.

229A-229B. Advanced Economic and Geographic Botany. 230A-230B. Botanical Seminar.

299. Thesis for the Master's Degree.

UPPER DIVISION MAJOR COURSES

104A-104в. General Phaenogamic Botany. 105A-105B. General Cryptogamic Botany.

106A-106в. Phycology and Mycology.

107A-107B. Pteridology and Bryology.

109. Vegetable Histology.

110. Botanical Microtechnique.

111. Vegetable Cytology.

112A-112B. Special Taxonomic Studies.

113A-113в. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Phaerogams.

117. Principles of Plant Ecology.

118. Plant Geography of the Pacific Coast of North America.

CELTIC

Instructor: WILLIAM W. LYMAN, Jr.

JEPSON. SETCHELL.

SETCHELL.

SETCHELL.

GOODSPEED.

GOODSPEED.

GOODSPEED.

JEPSON.

JEPSON.

SMILEY.

SMILEY.

102A-102B. Modern and Early Welsh. 101A-101B. Advanced Modern Irish. 201. Seminar in Old Irish.

LYMAN.

LYMAN.

LYMAN.