These worms feed till June, ftripping the trees of their foliage then fuddenly difappear. They generally appear, for two, three or four years in fucceffion.

180. Other noxious Infes. Caterpillars, of various fpecies, appear, at times, in fuch numbers, as to be very deftructive to fruit trees, and fome foreft trees. The rofe. bug and the flug alfo, in particular feafons, do great injury. A white worm, or grub, in fome parts of the country devours the roots of the grafs, and gives to the rich meadow and pafture the appearance of a barren heath, A black worm occafionally invades the grafs and corn in May and June, and in fuch myriads as to lay wafte the fields; and an infect has lately attacked the wheat. But altho these and many other infects ravage at times particular places, or particular forts of vegetation, yet our crops are ufually rich and abundant.

MINES, MINNERALS, STONES AND FOSSILS.

WIT

181. Precious Metals.

THIN the United States, gold and filver ores have not been difcovered in fuch quantities as to command attention; except recently in Cabarras county in North Carolina. A copper nine, on the Pafaic, a few miles north of Newark in New-Jerfey, has been wrought to advantage, and an affociation by the name of the Soho company, has been incorporated for the purpose of profecuting the bufinefs. Great quantities of copper have also been found in the country bordering on Lake Superior.

182. Lead. A valuable lead mine has been wrought, near the banks of the Kanhaway, in Virginia. One hundred pounds of ore are faid to yield fixty of lead. Still more valuable mines have been discovered on the banks of the Miffifippi, extending from the Rock River northwards one hundred and fifty miles. In Lonifiana,

near the Mifforie, very rich mines of lead are wrought by a citizen of the United States.

183. Iron. Iron is found in many parts of the United States, as in Affowamfet pond, in Middleborough, in Maffachusetts at Salisbury and Stafford in Connecticut

at Egg-harbor, and in Morris-county, in New-Jerseyon the Hudson in Columbia county-and in other parts, too numerous to be particularized. This valuable metal is caft into cannon, hollow ware, or pigs, and wrought into anchors, bars and nail rods. But our own mines and forges do not supply the consumption of the country, and large quantities of Swedish iron and steel in bars are imported from the Baltic.

184.

Valuable Stones. The United States are furnished with inexhauftible quantities of lime stone. A range of this ftone extends from Connecticut, through the weftern towns of Maffachusetts and Vermont, to the Miffisko, more than two hundred miles, furnishing an abundance of lime. In fome places it furnishes marble, both white and clouded, of a good quality for the foundations of buildings, for fteps, tomb ftones and other ufes. On the ' Schuylkill a few miles from Philadelphia, is found marble of a good quality, which fupplies the inhabitants with building ftones, pieces for chimneys, hearths and tomb ftones. Of this is built that large and handfome structure, the bank of Pennfylvania. Many other parts of this country abound with marble and limeftone. Kentucky is underfpread with limeftone, and a body of it runs through North Carolina.

185. Free Stone and Slate. Free ftone fuitable for the foundation of buildings abounds in various parts of America, as at Chatham, Eaft-Hartford, Branford and Eaft Haven in Connecticut, and on the banks of the Paffaic in New-Jersey. Slate has been found in various places, and on the east bank of the Hudfon, above Fishkill, a quarry of it is wrought with fuccefs; great quantities of flate of a good kind and fuitable for covering buildings, being fent to market from this quarry.

"

186. Fofil, Coal and Peat. Coal for fuel is furnished! by the United States, in the greatest abundance. A mine on the Powhatan river, in Virginia, is now wrought, and coal of the best quality is fent from it to various parts of the United States. On the Sufquehanna-On the Ohio -near Pittsburgh, and in Kentucky, are vaft beds of this 'fuel deftined hereafter to furnifh our fires when wood fhall fail. Peat is found at Newtown, on Long-Iland, at Norwalk, Fairfield, Woodbridge and Hambden in Connecticut; and already begins to be used by the inhabitants, and exported to New-York. It is alfo foundin other parts of the United States.

187. Ciber Foils and Minerals. Ifingglafs, blesk, lead, alum, ocher, foap-ftone, fulphur, marl, chalk, and antimony have been found in the United States. But the natural history of North America, mere especially its mineral productions, have yet been little investigated.-Doubtlefs many mineral fubftances, conftituting a vast body of natural riches, remain yet undiscovered in the bofom of mountains: but which, when labor fhall be cheaper, the ftudy of mineralogy purfued with more ardor, and the wants of our people more preffing, will be found and converted to useful purposes.

At

188. Mineral Springs. Numerous mineral fprings have already been discovered in the United States. Stafford in Connecticut is a fpring whofe waters poffefs chalybeate properties, and are valued for their effects in fcorbutic and rheumatic cafes. The warm fpring at Lebanon in the state of New-York, is remarkable for the quantity and temperature of the water it dischargesits temperature is marked by 71° of Farenheit, which renders it a pleasant bath--The effects of its waters in curing fcorbutic and rheumatic affections, have rendered it a place of refort during the fummer months.

189. The Springs at Saratoga and Balltown. The Springs. at Saratoga and Balltown are numerous, and their waters poffefs ftrong mineral properties. Some of them are powerful chalybeates-and others contain folutions of falt, from which is manufactured purgative falt equal to

any imported. These fprings are places of great refort in fummer, and their waters are found very beneficial in billious complaints, indigestions and visceral obstructions.

190. Other Springs. In the town of Phelps, fixteen miles north of the Seneka Lake, is a fpring fo strongly impregnated with fulphur, that its waters deposit large quantities of that fubitance on the earth in their channel. The falt fprings near the Onondago lake, are numerous, and contain fuch a portion of falt in folution, that it is eafily obtained by evaporation; and fufficient quantities are there made to fupply all the interior of the state of New-York--indeed the quantity that may be made is unlimited. In Virginia and Georgia are medicinal springs of high reputation, and in Kentucky, falt fprings are found to fupply the western states with the neceffary article of falt. Similar fprings are found in other parts of the western country.

PRESENT CONDITION OF THE UNITED STATES.

Efpecially in regard to their Political, Civil, Commercial and Economical ftate.

191. Divifion of the Territory of the United States.

HE territory of the United States is divided, for

wealths, and into districts fubject to the ordinances of congrels. The states are feventeen; fourteen of which lie chiefly on the eaft and fouth of the great ridge of mountains which divide the waters of the Atlantic rivers from the tributary teams of the Mifilippi, the Iroquois and the Lakes-and three states lie weftward of the fame ridge. Thirteen of thefe ftates were formed, during the revolution, from colonies whofe Sounds had been defined by charters, or fettled by agreement or authority, while

fubject to the British crown.

The other four have been

formed and received into the union, fince the establishment of independence.

192. Names of the States. The Atlantic states are, New-Hampshire, Vermont, Maffachusetts, Rhode-Island,, Connecticut, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North-Carolina, South-Carolina, and Georgia. All these, Vermont excepted, were formed during the revolution. The western ftates whichhave been erected fince the revolution, are Kentucky, Tenneffee, and Ohio. The country weft of Georgia and fouth of Teneffee, is called the Miffifippi Territory, and governed by a special ordinance of Congress.

NEW-HAMPSHIRE.

193. Situation of Hew-Hampfbire.. New-Hampshire, whose name is derived from a county in England, from whence many of its first inhabitants came, is compre-hended between forty-two degrees, forty-one minutes, and forty-five degrees, thirty minutes, of north latitude; and between feventy degrees, forty minutes, and seventytwo degrees, twenty-eight minutes, of weft longitude. from Greenwich,

194. Bounds. The fouth line of New-Hampshire,. adjacent to Maffachusetts, runs three miles north of the Merrimac, to a point north of Patucket falls, and thence due weft to the Connecticut. Its weft boundary is the western fide of the Connecticut, which feparates it from Vermont. On the north, it is bounded by the north line of the United States, and adjacent to Canada. Its eaf-tern boundary is the Atlantic and the Pifcataway to its fource; then a line running two degrees weft of north to Canada, and dividing it from Maine.

195. Extent. The length of New-Hampshire, from fouth to north, is one hundred and fixty-eight miles. Its utmost bredth, from east to weft, is ninety miles. The ftate contains fomewhat more than fix millions of acres of furface, about one hundred thousand of which are cov ered with water.