Meredith, George, on closing of Civil War, 438. Merrimac, reconstruction as iron-clad, 111; Hampton Roads, Monitor fight, 112-117; effect on McClellan, still feared, 116; further career, 117. Metals, scarcity in South, 369. See also Iron.
Mexico, French in, 270.
Mill, J. S., on slavery, 261; and Emanci- pation Proclamation, 272. Mill Spring, battle, 98 n.
Milledgeville, Ga., Sherman's occupa- tion, 403-405.
Minnesota, and Merrimac, 112.
Missionary Ridge, battle, 298, 299. Mississippi, secession, 5. See also Vicks- burg.
Mississippi River, importance, 118, 247- 249; reopened, 258.
Missouri, and secession, 25; Frémont's command, 50-56. See also Border States.
Missouri Compromise, attempt to re- new and extend, 3.
Mobile, Ala., closed to blockade-runners, 336.
272; and Mexico, 270; and construc- tion of Confederate vessels, 285; and Slidell, 286.
Nashville, Tenn., and Fort Donelson, 87, 91; evacuated, 92. See also Nashville campaign.
Nashville, Fort Sumter expedition, 12 n. Nashville campaign, adequacy of
Thomas's force, 398-400; Hood in- vades Tennessee, Schofield's retreat, Franklin, 398, 409; Thomas's delay, Grant's attitude, 410, 411; battle of Nashville, ruin of Hood's army, 411. Nassau, Bahamas, and blockade-running, 379.
National banks, authorized, 204. Navy, Confederate, Merrimac, 111–117; British-built cruisers, 262-268, 279; Laird rams, 279-284; Napoleon and construction, 285.
Navy, Federal, Western river operations, 86, 87, 124; at outbreak, 110; and armor-plating, 111; construction of Monitor, 111, 117; Hampton Roads, Merrimac-Monitor fight, 112-116; New Orleans campaign, 118-124; Mobile Bay, 336. See also Blockade.
Mobile Bay, battle, 336; political Negro soldiers, Cameron's unauthorized effect, 337.
Moltke, Graf von, on preparedness, 33. Mommsen, Theodor, on Cæsar, 438. Money. See Paper money; Specie payments.
Monitor, construction, 111; Merrimac fight, 114-116; founders, 117 n.; repulsed at Drewry's Bluff, 127 n. Montgomery, Ala., convention, 5. Morgan, Fort, surrender, 336. Morse, J. T., on unpreparedness, 30; on "contrabands," 49. Morton, O. P., on unpreparedness, 30; and Confederate invasion of Kentucky, 176; as war governor, 178, 361; and Buell, 179; and Democratic legis- lators, 201.
Motley, J. L., on recognition of Con- federate belligerency, 64; on Grant, 303.
Moultrie, Fort, abandoned, 7. Mud march, Burnside's, 186. Munitions of war, supply in South, 377. Murfreesborough, battle, 199, 200.
recommendation, 84; and Lincoln, 324; Confederate enlistment, 417. Nelson, William, Shiloh, 103, 105, 106. Netherlands, neutrality proclamation, 64 n.
Neutrality, British and other proclama- tions, 64; character of British, 260. New Hope Church, battle, 317. New Mexico, and slavery, 4. New Orleans, La., importance, 118; Federal plan against, 118, 119; bombardment of forts, 119; passage of forts, 120-123; surrender, 123; effect, 123, 124; effect abroad, 124. New York City, Union League Club, 205; draft riots, 287-291.
New York Herald, attack on British attitude, 69.
New York Seventh Regiment, arrival in Washington, 23.
New York Tribune, on hard times, 342. See also Greeley, Horace. Nicolay, J. G., on regret at civil war, 29; on Cameron; 84; on political conditions (1864), 334, 335.
Napoleon I, advice on military study, North, uprising, 17; unpreparedness, 128 n.
Napoleon III, neutrality proclamation,
64 n.; and joint intervention, 69, 124, 271; offer of mediation, 201,
30; second uprising, 48; despondency (1862), and Lincoln's leadership, 155; consternation over Lee's invasion. (1862), 167; and Fredericksburg,
185; dejection (1863), 201; Union meetings and leagues, better spirits, 205; return of confidence, 211; business revival, 222, 346; gloom after Wilderness campaign, 329, 333; conditions, 341-364; effect of war, 341; hard times, 341; social effect, 342, 346; during period of defeat, 346; agriculture, 347, 348; arbitrary arrests, 348-350, 353-355; character of Democratic opposition, 350-353; humanitarian work, 357; trade with the enemy, 357-359; grave conditions (1864), 360; Federal relations, 361- 363; rejoicing over surrender of Lee, 436.
North Carolina, secession. See also Border States; Carolina march. Norton, C. E., on Trent affair, 81, 83; and emancipation, 153; desponds, 155; on election of 1862, 176; on appointment of Burnside, 182; on need of victories, 205.
Ohio, unpreparedness, 31; character of first troops, 31; in election of 1864, 338.
Ord, E. O. C., as corps commander, 430.
Oaks, 131, 132; Lee in command, 133; his defensive measures and plan of attack, 134; Seven Days: first day, 135; Gaines's Mill, 136- 138; McClellan's overestimation of enemy, 137; McClellan's demoraliza- tion, 139; comparison of commanders, 140-142; Federal retreat, 142; Mal- vern Hill, 143; losses, new base, results, 144; comparison with Wilder- ness campaign, 312. Pennsylvania, Gettysburg campaign, 225-247; in election of 1864, 338. Petersburg and Richmond campaign, Grant's crossing of the James, 312, 322; failure to capture Petersburg, policy of attrition suspended, 322; condition of Federal army, 323; Lincoln's visit to army, 323-325; Crater, 333; final campaign, 430- 432; evacuation, 432; Federal oc- cupation, Lincoln in Richmond, 433. Peyton, C. S., on Pickett's charge, 241, 242.
Philadelphia, Union League Club, 205; and Lee's invasion (1863), 230. Pickett, G. E., on Confederates in Pennsylvania, 228; charge at Gettys- burg, 238-243; own conduct, 243. Pillow, Fort, evacuated, 124.
Palfrey, F. W., on McClellan as general, Pittsburg Landing. See Shiloh. 181.
Palmerston, Lord, on British sentiment
(1861), 65; and intervention, 69, 268– 271; and Trent affair, 75; and block- ade, 124; and Laird rams, 282; and Mason, 286.
Paper, scarcity in South, 367. Paper money, demand notes (1861), 145; legal-tender act, 146, 147; later issues, 147, 203; justifiableness, 147; Northern private and public fractional, 203, 343-345; in South, 384, 385; Federal, in South, 385, 415; not legal tender in South, 392. Parke, J. G., as corps commander, 430. Patterson, Robert, in Bull Run cam- paign, 37-39.
Pawnee, Fort Sumter expedition, 12 n. Peace negotiations and sentiment, in 1864,
333-336; Hampton Roads Conference, 417-419; attitude of Lee and Davis, 419; and of Lincoln, 420. Pemberton, J. C., Vicksburg, 253-258. Peninsular campaign, plan, 124; York- town, 125; Federals before Richmond, 126, 133; alarm there, 127; Jackson's Valley operations, 127-131; Fair
Pope, John, Island No. 10, 124; com- mands Army of Virginia, 157; address to army, 158; as commander, 158, 164; retires before Lee, 159; blunders, hampering, Second Bull Run, 160; removed, 163; comparison with Grant's Virginia campaign, 313. Port Gibson, in Vicksburg campaign, 252, 253.
Port Hudson, surrender, 258. Port Royal, captured, 110. Porter, D. D., New Orleans operations, 118, 120, 121; Vicksburg, 251. Porter, Fitz-John, Seven Days, 135-138, 143.
Porter, Horace, on Cold Harbor, 311; on Lincoln's visit to Grant's army, 324. Postage currency, 344.
Postage stamps, as currency, 343. Potomac River, Confederate blockade, 62.
Powhatan, and Fort Sumter expedition, 13.
Preparedness, lack in North, 30; and in South, 32; contrast with Franco- Prussian War, 33, 34. Press, freedom, 394.
Prices, in South, 386, 414. Privateering, authorized by Confederacy, and piracy, 20.
Prussia, neutrality proclamation, 64 n. Pryor, R. A., and secession of Virginia, 24.
Public debt. See Bonds; Paper money. Punch, on British sentiment (1861), 65. Putnam, Sarah A., on scarcity of paper, 369.
Railroads, control of Federal, 148; and food scarcity in South, 369; deteriora- tion and inadequacy of Southern, 370- 374, 414; destroyed by Sherman, 405. Rawlins, J. A., as Grant's mentor, 255- 257, 325.
Raymond, H. J., in political campaign (1864), 334.
Read, T. B., "Sheridan's Ride," 339. Reagan, J. H., as Postmaster-General, 395.
Religion, in North, 329; in South, 391. Republican party, and compromise, 4. See also Congress, Elections. Repudiation, Confederate, 385. Reynolds, J. F., Gaines's Mill, 137; and removal of McClellan, 181; and succession to McClellan, 183; and succession to Burnside, 209; Chan- cellorsville, 219; and succession to Hooker, 224, 233; Gettysburg, killed, 233.
Rhodes, D. P., acknowledgment to, v. Richmond, Va., Confederate capital, 25;
martial law (1862), 95; hospitals, 389. See also Peninsular; Petersburg and Richmond.
Richmond Enquirer, on Davis, 127. Richmond Examiner, on scarcity of paper, 368.
Rifles, Federal failure to use breech- loading, 355; Southern, 377. Roanoke Island, capture, 110. Ropes, J. C., on Bull Run, 45; on Fort Donelson,
91; on succession to
McClellan, 183. Rosecrans, W. S., displaces Buell, 179; Stone's River, 199, 200; inaction, 292; manœuvres Bragg out of Ten- nessee, 293; Chickamauga, 293-295; at Chattanooga, 295. 296; relieved, 296.
Russell, Earl, on recognition of Con-
federate belligerency, 65; and Trent affair, 74; and Alabama, 263, 266; and intervention, 268-271; and Glad- stone's indiscreet speech, 270; stops
the Alexandra, 279; and Laird rams, 279-284; and Mason, 285, 286. Russell, Lord John. See Russell, Earl. Russell, W. H., on unanimity of South, belief in Southern success, 28; on Federal army, 36; on British attitude, 67; on Trent affair, 81.
Russia, Northern sympathy, 285.
St. Philip, Fort, bombardment, 118, 120; passage, 120-122; surrender, 123. Salt, scarcity at South, 367. Sanitary fairs, 357.
Saturday Review, attitude, 67; apology for slavery, 276.
Savage's Station, battle, 143. Savannah, capture, Sherman's message, 403, 409.
Scarcity, at South, 366-370. Schofield, J. M., commands army of the Ohio, 314; sent to Thomas, 399; retreat, Franklin, 409, 412; and succession to Thomas, 410; joins Sherman in North Carolina, 427. Schurz, Carl, on Lincoln's influence, 155; on election of 1862, 176; on conditions after Fredericksburg, 187; on army under Hooker, 210, 211; on Howard, 213; at Chancellorsville, 216; on Meade at Gettysburg, 234. Scott, T. A., as Assistant Secretary of War, 84 n.; on public apathy, 329. Scott, Winfield, and Fort Sumter, 10; and isolation of Washington, 21; on effect of blockade, 32; and Bull Run, 37, 42; and habeas corpus, 48; retires, 61.
Secession, attitude of Charleston, 1; of South Carolina, 2; of other Cotton States, 5; of Border States, 20, 24- 26; regret for the Union, 29. See also Border States; Compromise. Seddon, J. A., on barter, 385. Sedgwick, John, and succession Burnside, 209; Chancellorsville cam- paign, 211. Seven Days. See Peninsular campaign. Seven Pines, battle, 131, 132. Seward, W. H., and compromise, 4; Fort Sumter negotiations, proposed foreign policy, 8; and relief of Sumter, 10; and Sumter expedition, 13; and Bull Run, 43, 44; McClellan's dis- courtesy, 63; and recognition of Confederate belligerency, 64; and Trent affair, 72, 78-82; and Mackay, 72 n.; and appointment of Stanton, 86; and Merrimac, 113; and Emanci-
pation Proclamation, 152, 153; and | Slavery, and election of 1860, 1; in
new call for troops (1862), 155; and Cabinet crisis, 188-192; character, relations with Lincoln, 193, 196; and French offer of mediation, 272; and Chattanooga, 295; and arbitrary arrests, 348, 349, 354, 355; Hampton Roads Conference, 417-419. Seymour, Horatio, as Democratic spokes- man, 351.
Shenandoah Valley, Jackson's opera- tions, 127-131; their effect, 131; Lee's advance (1863), 226; Early's raid, 325; Sheridan's campaign, 338, 339.
Sheridan, P. H., rise, 200; Missionary Ridge, 299; recognition, 302; Valley campaign, 338, 339; in final cam- paign, 430, 431.
Sherman, John, and Grant after Shiloh, 107; and legal tenders, 146; on the administration, 204; on business re- vival, 347.
Sherman, W. T., on Bull Run, 38, 44; Shiloh, 99-102; and Grant after Shiloh, 109; Blair's early belief in, 164; on test of command, 182 n.; on Murfreesborough, 200; Vicksburg, 251, 254, 258; Chattanooga, 298; recognition, 302; on his army (1864), 302; commands Western armies, 304; on professional beginning of the war, 306; Atlanta campaign, 306, 314-318, 331-333, 337; and Johnston, 315; death, 315 n.; and Thomas, 317; on death of McPherson, 333; political effect of campaign, 337; planning of March to the sea, 398-400; execution of it, 400-409; temperament, 401; message on capture of Savannah, 409; working out of Grant's grand strategy, 412; Carolina march, 422-427; con- sultation with Lincoln and Grant (1865), 427; receives surrender of Johnston, 437.
Shiloh, battle of, position of Grant's
army, 97; Confederate plan, 98; Federal carelessness, 98-101; first day, 101-106; extent of Confederate success, second day, Confederate re- treat, 106; lack of pursuit, casualties, 107; feeling against Grant, 107-109. Shinplasters, in North, 343; in South, 384.
Sickles, D. E., Chancellorsville, 216, 218, 219.
Silver, premium, 342; substitutes for fractional, 343-345, 384.
territories, 2; attempted compromises on territorial (1860-61), 3-5; reason for Lincoln's silence on, 35; Critten- den resolution (1861), 47, 49; Lin- coln's masterful handling of subject, 149; and Southern sympathy in England, 261; British apologies, 276; conduct of slaves, 380-382; effect of March to the sea, 407; proposed amendment protecting State (1861), 413. See also Emancipation.
Slidell, John, at Paris, 286. See also Trent affair.
Slocum, H. W., Chancellorsville, 216. Smith, C. T., Fort Donelson, 88-90. Smith, E. K. See Smith, Kirby. Smith, Kirby, in Kentucky, 166, 176. Smith, Richard, on Frémont's removal, 55.
Smith, W. F., and Burnside, 207; at Chattanooga, 297, 298.
Social effect of war at North, 342, 346. Somerset, Duke of, and Trent affair, 76.
South. See Confederate States. South Carolina, secession, 2; Sherman's destructive march, 423-427. See also Sumter.
Spain, neutrality proclamation, 64 n. Spalding, E. G., and legal tenders, 203. Specie payments, suspension in North,
146; premium on gold, 152, 330, 342; and on silver, 342. See also Paper money.
Spottsylvania Court House, battle, 309, 310.
Spurgeon, C. H., and Emancipation Proclamation, 273.
Stanton, E. M., appointment as Secre- tary of War, 85; fitness, 86; and Grant after Shiloh, 108; and Merri- mac, 113; and Peninsular campaign, 126; and Jackson's Valley operations, 129, 130; stops recruiting (1862), 142; and McClellan, 159, 162, 180; and 'Pope's campaign, 160; and Lee's invasion of Maryland, 618; and Burnside after Fredericksburg, 186, 207; and Cabinet crisis, 191; re- lations with Lincoln, 196; and Hooker, 208, 224; and Chattanooga, 295; and arbitrary arrests, 348–350, 354, 355; and governors, 362; con- duct of War Department, 363. States, Federal relations of Northern, 361-363.
Stephens, A. H., commissioner to Vir-
ginia, 25; on railroad difficulties, 373; Hampton Roads Conference, 417-419.
Stevens, Hazard, on terrain of Wilder- ness, 306 n.
Stevens, Thaddeus, and legal tenders, 146; and compensated emancipation, 153; and administration, 204. Stone, Henry, on Shiloh, 106. Stone's River, battle, 199; value, 200. Story, Joseph, on habeas corpus, 48. Stowe, H. B., on bereavements, 342; on business revival, 347.
Sumner, Charles, on Frémont's emanci- pation order, 52; on British attitude, 67; and Trent affair, 71, 81; and legal tenders, 146; and emancipation, 153, 156; on new call for troops (1862), 156; and Cabinet crisis, 189, 190; dejected, 201, 346; on Copperhead danger, 201; on army and finances (1863), 206.
Sumner, E. V., Fair Oaks, 132; Gaines's Mill, 138; Fredericksburg, 184. Sumter, Fort, Federal occupation, 7; and Border-State problem, 7, 10; Seward's negotiations, 8; question of relief, 9-11; evacuation demanded, bombardment and surrender, relief expedition, 12-16; bombardment un- necessary, 15; results, 16; uprising of North, 17.
Taney, R. B., on habeas corpus, 48. Tariff, as cause of Civil War, 46; war- time increases, 47, 149, 300; and British sentiment, 65. Taxation, first Federal measures, 47; measures of 1862, 148; of 1864, 300; Confederate, 384, 387. Tea, scarcity at South, 367. Telegraph, control, 148. Tennessee, secession, 25. See also Bor- der States; Chattanooga; Chicka- mauga; Donelson; Murfreesborough; Nashville campaign; Shiloh. Tennessee, Confederate ram, 336. Tennyson, Lord, Northern sympathy, 278.
Territories, status, 1; right of slavery in, 2; attempted compromise on slavery (1860-61), 3-5; abolition of slavery, 149.
Thanksgiving proclamation (1864), 329. Thayer, W. R., acknowledgment to, v. Thirteenth Amendment, passage, 412. Thomas, G. H., Mill Spring, 98 n.;
character, 200; Chickamauga, “Rock," 294; commands Army of the Cum- berland, 296; Chattanooga, 298, 299; recognition, 302; in Atlanta campaign, and Sherman, 317; Sherman's divi-
sion of forces with, 398-400; Nash- ville campaign, 409-412.
Thomas, Lorenzo, and Frémont, 53, 54. Thucydides, on elements of crisis, 2. Ticknor, George, on uprising of North, 17.
Tithe, in South, 386-389.
Tod, David, and Confederate invasion of Kentucky, 177; as war governor, 361. Trade. See Business; Commerce. Transportation. See Railroads. Trent affair, seizure of Confederate com- missioners, Federal rejoicing, 70; Lincoln's lost opportunity, 71-73; British excitement and demand, 73, 74; war preparations, 74; British recognition of right of seizure, 75- 77; Adams's attitude, 77; presenta- tion of ultimatum, 78, 79; Seward's draft of answer, 79-81; Cabinet con- sideration, 81; release of commis- sioners, popular support of release, 82; effect of incident, 83.
Trollope, Anthony, Northern sympathy, 278.
Trumbull, Lyman, and McClellan's in- activity, 60; and Cabinet crisis, 190; and arbitrary arrests, 349.
spokesman, 351; arrest, 355 n. Vermont, State election (1864), 338. Vicksburg campaign, and Lee's invasion, 225; importance, 247-249; problems, first efforts, 249; final plans, running of the batteries, 251; passage of the river, 252; attaining the rear, 252- 254; siege, 254, 257; Grant's conduct, 255-257; surrender, 257, 258; Grant's credit, public interest, 258; decisive- ness, 259; effect abroad, 279. Victoria, Queen, and Trent affair, 74; and Northern reverses, 278. Virginia, importance, 7; and Fort Sumter, 10; secession, 20, 24; joins Confederacy, 24. See also Appo-
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