Escorted by the cadets of the University of the Phlippines the float of the College of Law, representing Justice, Truth and Liberty gathered on its way to the Luneta innumerable applauses from the crowd lined along the Bagumbayan fields to witness the Rizal Day nocturnal parade. There were many well decorated "carrozas”. The College of Law was awarded the third prize.

LAW CADETS TO KAWIT

On the occasion of the inauguration of the intermediate school of Kawit, Cavite, General Aguinaldo extended an invitation to the University cadets to take part in the parade and fiesta to be held there; President Villamor offered the cadets of the College of Law. Accordingly, on the afternoon of January 6, the Law military unit, in full uniform passed in review in company with the cadets of the Cavite High School, Burgos and Liceo, before the Governor-General, the presidents of both houses of the Legislature, General Evans, General Aguinaldo and other prominent visitors.

After the parade and the five minute speeches, a reception and ball was held to which the cadets were also invited and it was past ten o'clock in the evening when they left Kawit in the special train provided for the visitors.

SENIORS TO THE NATIONAL GUARD

As a consequence of the resolution passed by the Board of Regents to the effect that seniors who enter the National Guard will be allowed to graduate next April, provided their previous records fufill the requirements for graduation, several seniors of the College of Law filed their applications to enter the National Guard service.

PROFESSOR EUGENE A. GILMORE

Professor Eugene A. Gilmore, of the University of Wisconsin, has arrived. A reception was tendered him by the President of the University on the afternoon of Saturday, January 12, where the students of the Conservatory of Music displayed their ability and the College of Law Glee Club sang some of the pieces of its repertoire.

ACTING DEAN BOCOBO NOW DEAN BOCOBO

The Board of Regents appointed Acting Dean Jorge Bocobo as Dean of the College of Law. A spontaneous expression of the esteem and appreciation in which the Acting Dean is held by the student body, was the outburst of joy at the news of his permanent appointment which culminated in an ex-tempore "banquet" at "Pekin”. The students marched in column of squads yelling and shouting from the University Hall down to Plaza Goiti with the Dean at the head of the company.

After the dinner the students boarded a car and went to the University campus where a bonfire was built.

ORATORICAL CONTEST

With an audience that completely filled the Normal School Auditorium, the College of Law Annual Oratorical Contest was held on the night of Saturday, January 12. After some preliminary remarks by Dean Bocobo, the contestants one after another delivered their masterly orations amidst the applauses of the public. Before presenting the prizes, President Quezon, the guest of honor, urged the University students to show their loyalty to the cause of America, which is the cause of the Philippines, by joining the National Guard; then he announced the Carson medal winners: Bibiano Meer, whose oration was entitled "The New Russia", first prize; Mariano Ampil who spoke on "The World War-A Blunder or a Blessing", second prize; Montano Ortiz who delivered "A Plea for Mindanao", honorable mention. The judges of the contest were: Mr. Justice Malcolm, Mr. L. H. Thibault, Hon. Pedro Aunario, and Mr. Francisco A. Delgado.

RECEPTION IN HONOR OF PROFESSOR GILMORE

On January 12, Professor Gilmore was the guest at a reception given in his honor by Mr. Justice Malcolm in the University Hall. Prominent members of the bench and of the bar attended the gathering. The law cadets paraded before the distinguished visitors in front of the azoteas of the University Hall. After the reception Professor Gilmore, introduced by Justice Malcolm, spoke on the subject, "The Wisconsin Idea".

PHILIPPINE LAW JOURNAL

Vol. IV

MARCH, 1918

THE WISCONSIN IDEA

No. 8

(An Address delivered by Professor Eugene A. Gilmore, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, and Non-Resident Professor of Law, University of the Philippines, at a Reception given in his honor by Justice George A. Malcolm, on January 19, 1918, University Hall.)

I have been asked to speak of the so-called "Wisconsin Idea." To one coming from Wisconsin it is always a matter of surprise, and of course, of gratification, to find that apparently a great many people elsewhere are interested in the experiments in government which we have been making and that this interest has promptec some to visit the State and others to make inquiries concerning our activities.

Far be it from me or from anyone of my State to assert that Wisconsin has solved the complex and difficult problems of government or has successfully laid the foundation for the early arrival of the millenium. The chief merit to which we lay claim is that we have had the faith and courage to try experiments in government and have endeavored through a democracy to accomplish results which to us seem fitted to promote the welfare of the State.

We realize quite readily that the last word in government has not been said. We do not claim to have discovered a political theory which will cure all the social and economic ills of the race.

In what I shall say I will endeavor to explain merely what is meant by the expression, the "Wicsonsin Idea". I shall not advocate nor defend it.

In this exposition I shall state first in general terms the political philosophy which seems to pervade the legislation of the past fifteen years and then give a concrete account of some of the more important of this legislation, recognizing very readily that what I shall say will to many seem old and familiar. In fact, from what I have learned since my arrival here, it seems that some of you are already familiar with the Wisconsin Idea and have shown your appreciation and approval of it by adopting some of the things which we in Wisconsin have started.

So far as it is possible to express in a single sentence the meaning of the phrase -the Wisconsin Idea-it is this: Realism in democracy. This involves a belief in democracy as the desirable form of social organization. It also involves a belief in the capacity of the people to make democracy a reality. Government is of the people; it belongs to them as their collective instrumentality. Government is by the people; this instrumentality is to be exercised by the people directly or through

their legally and intelligently chosen representatives. Government is for the people; it exists not for the interest of any class, even though that class should per chance be numerically large, but for the interest of all, and for no other purpose. Each for all and all for each! The best individualism comes through the best collectivism. The individual attains his highest development and his permanent welfare when the rights and interests of all are recognized and secured. The state is a necessary good; not a necessary evil. The welfare of the individual can be secured and promoted through the state; it is not hindered nor imperiled. Business and human welfare can exist and develop side by side.

Order, intelligence, care and thought can be exercised by the state for the promotion of the individual and of the collective welfare. The individual is entitled to this opportunity, the state can secure and protect this opportunity. It is the right of the individual to acquire and enjoy the fruits of his efforts; but the state is bound to establish laws of acquisition which look to the good of all and do not permit the plunder or exploitation of any. Equal rights to all and special privileges to none is a political philosophy which can be consistently and successfully put into practice by the state. The essence and spirit of democracy is equality.

But the striking characteristic of nature is inequality and diversity. Men are unequal in capacity and in development. Shall the state by law attempt to contradict and correct the inequalities that exist by nature? Not at all. The inequalities of nature are not to be equalized, but the state is to see that these inequalities are not accentuated to a degree inimical to the general welfare, and productive of caste and privilege.

Nor are the inequalities of fortune to be equalized, but the state must see that such inequalities are not accentuated to such a degree as to result in the total deprivation or unreasonable restriction of opportunity in the many and the exploitation of the many by the few. There is a limit to free play. By a wise system of compensations and adjustments the state must secure a fair field for all. More fundamental and basic, however, is this proposition: that the state shall not by special privileges and immunities artificially create inequalities, nor thereby accentuate naturally existing inequalities in capacity or fortune.

The Wisconsin Idea is not socialism. It is not collectivism nor it is paternalism. It is the highest order of individualism,—a new individualism, giving full play to the personal qualities of initiative, thrift and enterprise, but requiring that they be exercised with due regard to similar qualities in every other member of the community. Each according to his capacity, but no one is to be crushed or exploited.

The adjustment of the social and industrial relations so that each individual may have an opportunity to realize his own best development and enjoy the fruits of his own industry is indeed a delicate task for the state to undertake. This is especially so when it is realized that the problem involves the avoidance of two very undesirable things: the undue suppression of the capable, virile, and energetic, on the one hand and the molly-coddling and pampering of the weak on the other.