Fifth Corps lay across the railroad, and in the rear was the Second Corps, with the Sixth supporting. The two last were under General Meade. On the 4th, two divisions of the Ninth Corps marched from Petersburg to Ford's Station, on the Southside road, about twenty miles west of Petersburg. On the 5th it started again, and, still moving on the Cox road, towards Burkesville, along the railroad, camped at night at Wellesville, twenty-one miles distant from the latter point. The next day, the 6th, it pressed on along the same road, and encamped at night about ten miles from Burkesville, with one brigade of the Second Division thrown forward to the junction. Thus on the night of the 5th the army lay in line of battle, stretching across three or four miles of country, and facing substantially northward. Custer's Division of cavalry lay on the right flank, and McKenzie's on the left. The infantry line was formed with the Sixth Corps on the right, the Fifth in the centre, and the Second on the left. On the 6th began our final manœuvres. The Sixth Corps was transferred from the right to the left, and the whole army had, before noon, marched about five miles in the direction of Amelia Court-House. Soon after moving, trustworthy intelligence was received that the enemy was moving towards Farmville. The direction of the Second and Fifth Corps was immediately changed from a northerly to a northwesterly direction, the directing corps, the Second, moving on Deatonville, while the Fifth, heretofore in the centre, moved on the right of the Second, and the Sixth, facing about and moving by the left flank, took position on the left of the Second. The cavalry were directed to operate on the extreme left. The charges were promptly made, the Second Corps soon becoming engaged with the enemy near Deatonville, driving him across Sailor's Creek to the Appomattox. The Fifth Corps made a long march, but its position prevented its striking the enemy's column before it had passed. The Sixth Corps came up with the enemy about four P. M., and, in conjunction with the Second on its right, and cavalry on its left, attacked and routed the enemy, capturing many prisoners, among them Lieutenant-General Ewell and General Custis Lee. After this defeat, Lee retired upon Barnesville, sixteen miles west of Burkesville. Here he was sharply engaged, on the 7th, by the Second Corps, and, after inflicting some loss, again retired across the Appomattox at High Bridge, where he captured some troops stationed there to hold the bridge, which he destroyed, and retreated upon Lynchburg. The position of Lee was now hopeless. His army had dwindled to a small force, and this was now almost surrounded by troops greatly superior in numbers and flushed with victory. Hancock's column had left Winchester on the 4th, for a march up the Shenandoah Valley, well equipped and in good spirits, and ready to seize Lynchburg; but their services were not required. Stoneman's column had already reached Boone, North Carolina, and would have aided in the capture of Lee's army, were not Sherman's grand army already advancing in overwhelming numbers upon Johnston's army, and the hour of surrender had struck. On the 7th April, after the battle of Barnesville, Grant opened correspondence as follows: L GENERAL GRANT TO GENERAL LEE. "General R. E. LEE, Commanding C. S. A.: "April 1. "GENERAL:-The result of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginin in this struggle. I feel that it is so, and regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood, by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the C. S. army known as the Army of Northern Virginia. "Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "U. S. GRANT, "Lieutenant-General Commanding Armies of the United States." II. GENERAL LEE TO GENERAL GRANT. "April 7. "GENERAL:-I have received your note of this date. Though not entirely of the opinion you express of the hopelessness of further resistance on the part of the Army of Northern Virginia, I reciprocate your desire to avoid useless effusion of blood, and therefore, before considering your proposition, ask the terms you will offer, on condition of its surrender. "R. E. LEE, General, "To Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, Commanding Armies of the United States." III. GENERAL GRANT TO GENERAL LEE "April 8. "To General R. E. LEE, Commanding Confederate States Army: "GENERAL:-Your note of last evening, in reply to mine of the same date, asking the conditions on which I will accept the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, is just received. "In reply, I would say that peace being my first desire, there is but one condition that I insist upon, viz.: "That the men surrendered shall be disqualified for taking up arms against the Government of the United States until properly exchanged. "I will meet you, or designate officers to meet any officers you may name for the same purpose, at any point agreeable to you, for the purpose of arranging definitely the terms upon which the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia will be received. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "U. S. GRANT, "Lieutenant-General Commanding the Armies of the United States." IV. GENERAL LEE TO GENERAL GranT. "April 8. GENERAL:-I received at a late hour your note of to-day in answer to mine of yesterday. "I did not intend to propose the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms of your proposition. To be frank, I do not think the emergency has arisen to call for the surrender. But as the restoration of peace should be the sole object of all, I desire to know whether your proposals would tend to that end. "I cannot, therefore, meet you with a view to surrender the Army of Northern Vir ginia, but so far as your proposition may affect the Confederate States forces under my command, and lead to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased to meet you at ten A. M., to-morrow, on the old stage-road to Richmond, between the picket lines of the two armies. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "R. E. LEE, "General Confederate States Armies. "To Lieutenant-General GRANT, Commanding Armies of the United States.” "GENERAL:-Your note of yesterday is received. As I have no authority to treat on the subject of peace, the meeting proposed ten A. M., to-day, could lead to no good. I will state, however, general, that I am equally anxious for peace with yourself; and the whole North entertain the same feeling. The terms upon which peace can be had are well understood. By the South laying down their arms they will hasten that most desirable event, save thousands of human lives, and hundreds of millions of property not yet destroyed. "Sincerely hoping that all our difficulties may be settled without the loss of another life, I subscribe myself, very respectfully, your obedient servant, "U. S. GRANT, "Lieutenant-General U. S. A." VI. GENERAL LEE TO GENERAL GRANT. "April 9, 1865. “GENERAL:—I received your note of this morning on the picket line, whither I had come to meet you and ascertain definitely what terms were embraced in your proposition of yesterday with reference to the surrender of this army. "I now request an interview in accordance with the offer contained in your letter of yesterday for that purpose. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "R. E. LEE, General. "To Lieutenant-General GRANT, Commanding United States Armies." VII. GENERAL GRANT TO GENERAL LEE. "General R. E. LEE, Commanding Confederate States Armies: "In consequence of my having passed from the Richmond and Lynchburg road to the Farmville and Lynchburg road, I am at this writing about four miles west of Walter's Church, and will push forward to the front for the purpose of meeting you. "Notice sent to me on this road where you wish the interview to take place will meet me. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General." APPOMATTOX COURT-HOUSE, April 9. "General R. E. LEE, Commanding C. S. A. : "In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th instant, I propose to receive the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, on the following terms, to wit: "Rolls of all the officers and men to be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer designated by me, the other to be retained by such officers as you may designate. "The officers to give their individual paroles not to take arms against the United States until properly exchanged, and each company or regimental commander sign a like parole for the men of their commands. "The arms, artillery, and public property to be packed and stacked, and turned over to the officers appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. "This done, each officer and man will be allowed to return to their homes, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their parole and the laws in force where they may reside. Very respectfully, "U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General." THE SURRENDER. "HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF, ORTHERN VIRGINIA, "April 9, 1865. "Lieutenant General U. S. GRANT, Commanding U. S. A.: "GENERAL:-I have received your letter of this date, containing the terms of surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, as proposed by you; as they are substantially the same as those expressed in your letter of the 8th instant, they are accepted I will proceed to designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations into effect. "Very respectfully, your obedient servant, "R. E. LEE, General." On Sunday, the 9th day of April, 1865-a date which will ever hereafter be memorable in American annals-in a farm-house near Appomattox Court-House, the capitulation was signed, by which the remnant of the once famous army, so often led by Lee to victory or invasion, passed out of existence. In the ecclesiastical calendar for the year, this Sunday was known as Palm Sunday-the day which commemorates the triumphal entry of Christ into Jerusalem. Hereafter it is destined to be a patriotic as well as a pious anniversary. The result was hailed with unbounded delight by the Union soldiers, and for half an hour or more the air resounded with their cheers, although many expressed their dissatisfaction, not only at the unprecedented liberality granted to the rebels, but at the manner in which they were paroled and allowed to go their way, without our men being permitted to enjoy the results of their long struggle in the passage through the lines of Lee and his army. But it was urged that this would have been humiliating to General Lee and his officers, and that it was not the wish or desire of the Government or the Union commanders to act toward them in any way that would tend to irritate their feelings, or make their position more intolerable than it actually was. During Sunday night and Monday, large numbers of the rebels, officers as well as privates, made their escape from the lines, and scattered through the woods, many of whom returned at once to their homes. Although Lee probably had upward of fifty thousand men when our forward movement began, not above eighteen thousand, including teamsters, hospital men, and camp-followers of all descriptions, were surrendered by him. As only ten thousand muskets and about thirty pieces of artillery were surrendered, it is fair to presume that the available rebel force on April 9th did not exceed fourteen thousand men. Upward of ten thousand had been killed and wounded in battle, and considerably over twenty thousand had been taken prisoners or had deserted. Our total captures of artillery, during the battles and pursuit, and at the surrender, amounted to one hundred and seventy pieces. The surrender of Lee was followed by the voluntary surrender of most of the regular troops of the enemy in the Shenandoah. On the 15th, Lieutenant-Colonel Farrell, of Mosby's command, came, under flag of truce, to our picket lines on the Kernstown road, and arranged with General Hancock to surrender the forces of Mosby on the terms accorded to General Lee, his troops being recognized as a part of the Army of Northern Virginia. On the 17th, at noon, Mosby surrendered his forces to General Chapman, at Berryville, receiving the terms granted to Lee. General Rosser was also permitted to have his command included in the cartel. The exact number of men in Mosby's command did not vary much from seven hundred. With the announcement of the fall of Richmond and Petersburg, and the capitulation of Lee, the loyal population of the country surrendered itself to rejoicing, and it seemed as if one universal jubilee was being held. Those who had been from the outset in favor of a vigorous prosecution of the war were not less thankful for the speedy approach of peace than those who had sincerely deprecated hostilities and advocated peace on principle. Both parties had gained their end, and both, disregarding for the time the manner in which it had been gained, were brought into close sympathy. The war party, however, by the very extravagance of its delight, showed how severe had been the effort to remain true to its often avowed purpose of conquering a peace. During the advance movement of Grant, President Lincoln remained at the head-quarters of the latter before Petersburg, a deeply interested spectator of the closing act of the great drama, which had been protracted through four years of varying fortunes. A few miles only separated the two presidents. On Saturday, the 1st of April, was fought the decisive battle of Five Forks; and on the succeeding morning, while Davis was attending service at the Monumental Church in Richmond, an orderly, splashed from head to foot with mire, entered the building, strode hastily up the aisle, and handed him a dispatch from Lee. It announced that all was over, and counselled the rebel chief to take his immediate departure from the city. A few hours later found Davis a fugitive on his way to Danville, leaving behind him the capital he had so frequently boasted his ability to hold against the utmost power of the Union, and two days afterwards, Mr. Lincoln entered Richmond in triumph, amid the acclamations of thousands, and held a levee in the rebel presidential mansion. This incident formed a significant and fitting close to the great campaign against Richmond. CHAPTER LXXVI. Raids in Kentucky and East Tennessee.-Defeat and Death of Morgan-Successes of Stoneman and Burbridge.-L'estruction of Works at Saltville.-Stoneman's Last Raid.--Capture of Salisbury.-Negotiations between Sherman and Johnston.--Agreement for Surrender by Johnston disavowed at Washington.-Reasons Assigned.Final Surrender of Johnston.--Wilson's great Raid in Alabama and Georgia.-Capture of Selma, Montgomery, and Macon.--Exchanges of Prisoners.-Cruel Treatment by Rebels of Union Prisoners.-Horrors of Andersonville.--Rebel Plots in Canada. -The St. Albans Raid.-Execution of Beall and Kennedy.-Attempts to Fire American Cities and Introduce Pestilence. Ir is now necessary to go back a few months, and notice briefly several events which had an indirect, though not unimportant, bearing on the grand result related in the previous chapter. It had long been a favorite theory with many experienced military men, that, in the |