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approached him, as certainly as he astonished every mind."

Mr. Jefferson was in stature tall and erect, and active in his movements. He possessed a taste for some of the polite accomplishments, particularly for music, and in younger life performed occasionally on the violin. He was an elegant scholar, an accomplished linguist, a proficient in several parts of natural science, and a great patron of literary enterprise. He presided for many years over the American Philosophical society at Philadelphia. While president of the United States, he projected the expedition of Lewis and Clarke across the continent, and much of the success of that well conducted expedition is due to his counsels.

The remarkable parallel, which may be traced between the lives of Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Adams, from their entrance on public life, to their departure from this world, makes it proper to record the renewed intercourse of their declining years. Their early friendship and co-operation in the public service, their temporary separation, and subsequent revived intimacy, have been a natural theme of reflection to the numerous eulogists, that have celebrated their lives and characters. It has been most beautifully observed, "that the streams of their lives were united near their sources, and, joined in one current, had forced their way through mounds of earth, and swept over appalling barriersbut at length divided in their course by a rough island of rock, they rushed by its opposing sides with turbulent and emulous rapidity, until at last their waters were commingled in peace, and flowed on tranquil and majestic into the ocean of eternity." (Vide, Mr. Sprague, of Hallowell.)

It is gratifying to reflect, that, in the most violent periods of political contention, and while Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Adams were regarded as the heads of the two great parties in the country, and were rival candidates for the chair of state, the courtesies of private life were not neglected between them. The biographer of Mr. Pitt informs us, that for twentyfour years that eminent statesman never met Mr. Fox, in a private room. On the very eve of the election, in 1800, Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Adams were in the exchange of all the offices of social life, and good neighborhood. That they may, in moments of excitement, have felt and spoken, in reference to each other, in the character of the leaders of opposite parties, is matter of course. But whatever estrangement, at any time existed, it was transitory in its duration; and a correspondence arose between them, in their latter years, which, "if it ever be given to the world," says Mr. Wirt," I speak from knowledge when I say, will be found to be one of the most interesting and affecting, the world has ever seen. It resembles, more than any one thing else, one of those conversations in the elysium of the ancients, which the shades of the departed great were supposed by them to hold. There are the same playful allusions to the points of difference, that had divided their parties; the same mutual, and light, and unimpassioned raillery on their own past misconceptions and mistakes; the same mutual and just admiration and respect for their many virtues and services to mankind. That correspondence was to them both, one of the most genial employments of their old age, and it reads

a lesson of wisdom on the bitterness of party spirit, by which the wise and the good will not fail to profit."

If any thing were wanting to convince this generation of the unutterable importance of the American revolution, it would be the closing scene of the lives of Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Adams. Passing over the long succession of great and memorable scenes, with which their after lives were filled, their minds, in the very moments of dissolution, went back, and dwelt on the first struggles of American liberty.

On the morning of the 4th of July, Mr. Adams, then evidently near his death, awoke at the ringing of bells, and the firing of cannon. The servant who watched with him, asked him, if he knew what day it was? "O yes," he replied, "it is the glorious 4th of July -God bless it, God bless you all."

In the forenoon, the orator of the day, the Rev. Mr. Whitney, the parish minister of Mr. Adams, called to see him, and found him seated in an arm chair. In the course of the interview, Mr. Whitney asked him for a sentiment, to be given at the public table. He replied, "I will give you, independence for ever!" After a few moments had elapsed, a lady asked him, if he wished to add any thing to the toast? and he said "not a syllable." This passed an hour or too, only, before he breathed his last. In the course of the day, he said, "it is a great and a good day." That his thoughts were dwelling on the scene of 1776, is evident from the last words which he uttered, "Jefferson survives," which were

spoken about the time that Jefferson expired.

In like manner, Mr. Jefferson, in the short intervals of delirium which occurred in his last hours, seemed to dwell exclusively on the events of the revolution. He talked in broken sentences of the committee of safety. One of his exclamations was, "Warn the committee to be on their guard ;" and he instantly rose in his bed, with the help of his attendants, and went through the act of writing a hurried note. But for the greater part of the time, during the last days of his life, he was blessed with the enjoyment of his reason. The only anxious wish he uttered for himself was, that he might live to breathe the air of the fiftieth anniversary of independence. When that day arrived, he was repeatedly heard to murmur, nunc dimittis Domine, Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace!

When,since the death of Socrates, can any thing be found, that will bear a comparison with the deathbed scene of these two great men ?

One circumstance only remains to be noticed in the biography of Mr. Jefferson. In a private memorandum, found among other obituary papers and relics of Mr. Jefferson, is a suggestion, in case a monument to his memory should ever be proposed, that it should be a granite obelisk, of small dimensions, with the following inscription :

"Here lies buried Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence; of the Statutes of Virginia, for Religious Freedom; and Father of the University of Virginia.”

*Judge Cranch's Memoir on the life, character, and writings of John Adams, p. 57, 58.

CONTENTS.

Retrospective view--Independence of the United States-Abolition of Co-
lonial System-Views of Great Britain-Independence of Spanish
America-Policy of the United States-Dissolution of Parties-Visit
of La Fayette-National Jubilee-Death of Adams and Jefferson,
Inauguration of President. Meeting of Senate-Lanman's Case-Treaty
with Colombia-Opposition-Creek Controversy--Indian Affairs-
Captains Porter and Stewart-Internal Improvement-Commerce,
Opening of the 19th Congress. Amendments to the Constitution, proposed
by Mr. M'Duffie-By Mr. Benton-Discussion of same-Decision.
Proposal to reduce Executive Patronage.
Proceedings of Senate on the Panama Mission. Mr. Branch's resolution-
Mr. Randolph's conduct-Duel with Mr. Clay-Proceedings in the
House of Representatives on the Panama Mission-Panama Congress,
Bill to extend the Judiciary System-Proceedings in House-Defeated by
the amendment of Senate. Annual Report of Secretary of Treasury.
Report of Committee of Ways and Means. Appropriations for Forti-
fications-Support of Government-Army-Navy. Public buildings.
Bill for relief of Revolutionary Officers. Francis Larche. Conclu-
sion of Session.
WEST INDIES. European Colonies. British West Indies. Order in
Council. Proceedings in Jamaica--Cuba--Political Condition-Go-
vernment. Hayti-its Government-French Ordinance-Nature of
it-Accepted by Boyer-Loan-Disturbances--State of Hayti,
MEXICO. Victoria President-Congress--Surrender of ship Asia-St.
Juan de Ullua-Government, and Political Condition in 1826--Cuba
-Sonora--Texas. CENTRAL AMERICA. Constitution-Arce
President-Political Condition. RIO DE LA PLATA. Constitution
-Rivadeira-Political Condition-War with Brazil. CHILI. Com-
motion-Surrender of Chiloe-Congress-Freire. PARAGUAY.
Congress of Panama,
COLOMBIA in 1825. Bolivar President-Recognized by the United
States and England-Rumored Invasion of Cuba-Santander-Con-
gress. PERU. Battle of Ayacucho-Olaneta-Castles of Callao-
Congress--Bolivar-Upper Peru. Constitntion of BOLIVIA. State
of Peru in 1826-Insurrection of Paez--Views of the Government-
Proceedings in Venezula-In Quito-Views of Bolivar-Warlike ope-
rations in Venezuela-Bolivar arrives at Bogota-Reforms-Bolivar
in Venezuela--Tranquillity restored,
BRAZIL. Independence Acknowledged-Character of Pedro--Invasion
of Chiquitos-Banda Oriental-Insurrection-Lavalleja-Battle of
Sarandi The Banda united to Buenos Ayres--Pedro declares War--
Progress of it-Future prospects,
GREAT BRITAIN. Ministers-Parliament 1825--Address-Catholic
Association-Catholic Relief. Finance and Trade-Other Laws-
Greeks-Treaties-Pecuniary Distress-Parliament 1826-Curren-
cy-Finance-Slavery-Miscellaneous-Pecuniary Difficulties-Suf-
ferings of Manufacturers-Dissolution of Parliament---Elections,
FRANCE. Death of Louis XVIII.-Accession of Charles X.---Ministers
-Chambers of 1825-Indemnity to Emigrants-Finances-Sacrilege

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Laws-South America-Hayti-Coronation-La Fayette-Prosecu-
tion of Journals—Death of Foy-Chambers of 1826-Law of Succes-
sion-Finance-Religious Disputes-Views of the Government,
SPAIN in 1825. Zea Bermudez-Political condition-Disturbances-Bes-
sieres rebels-Party of Don Carlos-Death of el Empecinado and
Iglesias Colombians-Infantado appointed minister-Algerine war—
Spain in 1826-Disturbances-J. G. Salmon succeeds Infantado-
Proceedings on the Portuguese frontier. PORTUGAL. Brazil in-
dependent-John dies-Constitution and Regency-Incursion from
Spain-Chaves-Aid from England,
Political condition of ITALY. Rome-Naples. AUSTRIA. Hungary.
SARDINIA and SWITZERLAND. NETHERLANDS. BAVA-
RIA. SWEDEN. RUSSIA. Death of Alexander-Constantine
proclaimed-Abdicates in favor of Nicholas-Relations with Turkey
-Persian War,
GREECE. Dissensions-Government-Insurrection in the Morea-Pa-
tras-Preparations of the Egyptians and Turks-Messolunghi invested
-Siege of Navarino Engagements Splactina taken and Navarino
Ibrahim advances to Tripolizza-Ulysses-Events at Messolunghi-
French faction at Napoli-Egyptian fleet burnt at Mondon-The
Greek fleet-Hydra threatened-Attempt at Suda-Massacre at Hy-
dra-Attempt at Alexandria.

ASIA. Burman Empire—Origin of war with Britain-Shapurce-Dood-
patlee-Ramoo-Expedition to Rangoon-Operations there-Marta-
ban taken-Bundoola beaten-State of things in 1825-Donabew,
Prome, and Arracan taken-Assau Cochar-Mortality in the English
Army-Armstice of Meeaday-Hostilities renewed-Melloon-Pagan
-Mew taken-Treaty of Peace- Bhurtpore-Netherlands-India,
AFRICA. Arabs in Africa-Slave Trade-Ashantee Wars-Morocco-
Barbary Powers-Egypt-Rise of Mohammed Ali-Conquers Arabia
-Sennaar, &c. Policy and Government of Mohammed Ali,
Local History and Domestic Occurrences,
Executive Officers of the United States,

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Message of the President of the United States to the 19th Congress,

Instructions to the American Minister to Great Britain, on the subject of the

boundary of the United States on the Pacific,

Letter from Mr. Rush on the same subject,

Message of the President concerning the Panama Mission,

Treaty between the United States and Central America,

Report of Mr. Clay on the same subject,

Instructions from Mr. Adams to Mr. Anderson,

Instructions from Mr. Clay to Mr. Middleton,

Letter from Mr. Middleton to Mr. Clay,

Letter from Count Nesselrode to Mr. Middleton,
Letter from Mr. Clay to Mr. Middleton,
Letter from Mr. Salazar to Mr. Clay,

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