obtained from Atchison. The next year the breaking out of the war put an end to the already paralyzed activity in business and industry. The first military company to leave for the seat of war was the "Emporia Guards" in May, 1861. They numbered 50 men and had been drilled by W. F. Cloud, a veteran of the Mexican war. The company took part in the engagement at Wilson's creek, Mo., in August. A. J. Mitchell raised a company of artillery numbering 47 men. L. T. Heritage recruited a company for duty within the state, which became Company B of the Eighth regiment. In the fall of 1862, in response to President Lincoln's call for more troops, 150 Lyon county men immediately offered their services. They were recruited by P. B. Plumb and formed a company in the Eleventh regiment. Soon afterward they were engaged in a battle at Prairie Grove, where several were killed. In 1864, when Gen. Price threatened Kansas, 300 more answered the call to repel the invasion. They were in active duty about a month. Besides this the men of Lyon county played their part in protecting their homes and in driving out hostile Indians in the west and southwest and the bushwhackers in the south.

A number of tragedies occurred in connection with the guerrilla activities between pro-slavery and anti-slavery bands. One of these was the death of Mrs. Carver, who was killed by a free-state mob from Topeka. She was in bed, and the men, on being refused admission to the house, fired into the building at random, two of the shots taking effect in her body. In 1862 occurred the most noted raid in the history of the county. Judge A. I. Baker had called the notorious "Bill" Anderson, his father and brother Jim, horse thieves, and later was obliged to shoot the elder Anderson in self-defense. About the same time a Mexican who belonged to the Anderson gang was hanged by a mob at Americus. A few weeks later the Andersons, with four others, one of whom represented himself to be Quantrill, came to the Baker home, persuaded him to go to his store to get them some whiskey, and just as he was going down the cellar steps shot him a number of times. He drew his revolver and inflicted a flesh wound upon Jim Anderson. The ruffians shot Baker's brother-in-law, Segur, and threw him into the cellar. Then they piled boxes on the cellar door and set them on fire. Baker died before the fire reached him, and Segur escaped by a back window but died a few hours later. All of Baker's property was destroyed by fire and his horses stolen. After a number of other robberies the guerrillas came to the residence of C. H. Withington at Allen. Here they placed all the men under arrest, took what they wanted and destroyed some property. Mr. Withington escaped death through the intercession of Quantrill. At Elm creek they attacked the house of a Mr. Jacoby, whose life was saved by a Santa Fe train which happened to be passing.

The first efforts to secure a railroad were in 1864, but it was not until 1870 that the first road was built. This was the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, which runs south from Topeka. The county issued $200,000

in bonds to aid in its construction. A like amount was voted to the Missouri, Kansas & Texas, which crosses the county in a southeasterly direction and which was built in the same year. Another line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe from Kansas City enters the county in the east and crosses into Chase county. A third line runs from Emporia south into Greenwood county. The Missouri Pacific crosses the northern part from east to west.

The general surface of the county is prairie, with but few bluffs. The principal streams are the Neosho river, which runs across the county in a southeasterly direction; the Cottonwood river which crosses from west to east and joins the Neosho just above Neosho Rapids; and numerous creeks, of which Duck, Dows and Eagle are the most important. The timber belts along these streams average one-half mile in width, and contain the following varieties: oak, walnut, cottonwood, hickory, elm, hackberry, coffee-bean and locust. Magnesian limestone and sandstone are abundant, and a good quality of potter's clay is found between the Neosho and Cottonwood rivers. The bottom lands along the rivers and creeks comprise about 15 per cent. of the total area.

Lyon is one of the two leading counties in the production of Kafir corn. In 1910 this crop amounted to nearly $300,000. Corn the same year brought $1,750,000; oats, $130,000; wheat, $40,000; tame grass, $170,000; and wild grass, $260,000. Live stock netted $1,630,000; poultry and eggs, $180,000. The total output of the farms for the county that year was nearly $4,500,000. About 400,000 acres are under cultivation. There are 300,000 fruit trees, two-thirds of which are apples. Lyon is the foremost county in the state in the production of live stock. The population, according to the census of 1910, was 24,927. The assessed valuation of property in the same year was $38,600,000.

Lyons (formerly Atlanta), the county seat of Rice county, is located in the central part of the county at the crossing of three lines of railroad-the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Missouri Pacific and the St. Louis & San Francisco. It is situated about midway between the Arkansas river and the Little Arkansas, at an elevation of 1,696 feet. It has an electric light plant, 3 banks, 2 good hotels, I daily and 2 weekly newspapers, 2 flour mills, a large salt works, gas engine works, machine shops and cement building block works. It is beautifully laid out with the court-house square in the center. Around this are handsome, modern retail establishments. The city is equipped with telegraph and express offices and has an international money order postoffice with six rural routes. It is divided into four wards and according to the census of 1910 had a population of 2,071.

The original town of Atlanta was founded in 1870. It was absorbed by Lyons, which was laid out adjoining it in 1876, and the same year was made the county seat. The first postoffice was established at this place in 1871 and was called Brookdale. It was also the first one in the county and Earl Joslin was postmaster. The town was incorporated in 1880 with T. W. Nichols as the first mayor. In the same year the

Marion & McPherson branch of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe was extended to Lyons. Two years later it was a thriving town of 900 inhabitants.

Mc

McAllaster, a hamlet in Logan county, is located on the Union Pacific R. R., about 15 miles northwest of Russell Springs, the county seat. It has a general store, telegraph office and a money order postoffice. The population in 1910 was 50.

McBratney, Robert, journalist, was born near Columbus, Ohio, Jan. 1, 1818, a son of Robert and Margaret (Hoskins) McBratney, the father of Scotch and the mother of English descent. He received a common school education and at the age of sixteen years began learning the printer's trade. Four years later he commenced the publication of the Union County Star at Marysville, Ohio. In 1841 he visited Louisiana and Texas, after which he worked on newspapers at Xenia, Ohio, and Detroit, Mich., until 1856. He was a delegate that year to the convention that nominated Gen. John C. Fremont for president, and after the election decided to try his fortune in the West. In Feb., 1857, he located at Atchison, Kan., where he became identified with the company that bought the Squatter Sovereign. With F. G. Adams he assumed the editorial management of the paper which was changed to a free-state organ. In 1861 he assisted in organizing the Frontier Guard (q. v.) and was then register of the Junction City land office until the fall of 1864. He was interested in the building of some of the early Kansas railroads, and from 1872 to 1875 was president of the First National bank of Junction City. Mr. McBratney was twice married. On March 28, 1848, he married Mary Palmer, of Springfield, Ohio, who died on March 18, 1859, and subsequently he married Mary E. Harbison, of Xenia, Ohio. She died on May 10, 1859. Some time later Mr. McBratney went to New Mexico and died at Santa Fe on Feb. 6, 1881.

McCandless, a small hamlet of Johnson county, is situated about 10 miles southeast of Ottawa, the county seat, and 4 miles from Rantoul, the nearest railroad station, from which it has rural mail delivery. In 1910 it reported a population of 21.

McCarter, Margaret Hill, author and educator, was born near Carthage, Rush county, Ind., May 2, 1860. Her parents, Thomas T. and Nancy (Davis) Hill, came to Indiana from North Carolina in 1858. They were Quakers, and through the Parker and Wickersham families Mrs. McCarter can trace her ancestry back to the members of that sect who came over with William Penn. She was educated in the common schools, the Carthage high school, Earlham College, a Quaker institution at Richmond, Ind., and in 1884 was graduated in the State Normal School at Terre Haute, Ind. She taught for nine years in the Indiana public schools, and in 1888 came to Topeka, Kan., where for nearly six years she was a teacher of English in the high school. On June 5, 1890,

she was married to Dr. William A. McCarter. She has contributed to the newspapers and magazines, and is the author of The Cottonwood's Story, Cuddy's Baby, In Old Quivira, The Price of the Prairie, One Hundred Kansas Women, and The Peace of the Solomon Valley.

McKeever, William A., educator, author and lecturer, was born on a farm 4 miles east of Hoyt, Jackson county, Kan., and received his early education in the common schools. He then entered Campbell College at Holton, Kan., where he graduated with the degree of B. A. in 1893. For the next two years he was principal of the Holton high school, and in 1898 he received the degree of A. M. from the University of Kansas. He was then superintendent of the public schools of Smith Center for two years, and in 1900 was made assistant professor of English and philosophy in the Kansas State Agricultural College at Manhattan. The next year he became the head of the department of philosophy, which position he still holds (1911). In 1904 he was awarded the degree of Ph. M. by the University of Chicago, and the same year he took graduate work in the Harvard summer school. Prof. McKeever has given a number of lectures, especially on topics relating to psychology and children. A few years ago he conceived the idea of distributing pamphlets on child culture in the same way that circulars relating to agricultural topics are distributed. The result has been the pamphlets known as the "Home Training Bulletins," which have attracted considerable attention. They are intended to aid in teaching boys and girls. how to work and save; to assist them in the choice of a vocation, and to discourage bad habits in the young. Prof. McKeever has written a number of pamphlets, contributed to magazines, and is the author of two elementary books. Prof. McKeever married Miss Edith Shattuck.

McClung, Clarence Ervin, professor of zoology in the University of Kansas, was born at Clayton, Cal., April 5, 1870. He was educated at the University of Kansas and Cambridge, England, receiving the degree of Ph. G. in 1892, A. B., 1896, A. M., 1898, and Ph. D., 1903—also A. B. at Cambridge, 1903. He was assistant professor of zoology from 1897 to 1900; associate professor, 1900 to 1906; head of the department and curator of vertebrate paleontological collections, 1902, and acting dean of the medical school from 1902 to 1906. Prof. McClung has carried on a number of important investigations that have drawn the attention of scientists in Europe and America. Among these are sex determination from the study of germ cells of insects; osteology of upper cretaceous fish of Kansas, spermatagenesis of insects, etc. He is fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. He has been recently appointed superintendent of the state biological survey. In 1899 he was married to Miss Anna A. Drake, of Lawrence, Kan.

McCormick, N. B., lawyer and member of Congress, was born in Fayette county, Pa., Nov. 20, 1847, and reared upon a farm. He received his education in the public schools of his native county, where he lived until twenty years of age. In 1867 he decided to start in life

for himself and came west. He first took up land in Marion county, Iowa, where he engaged in farming and stock raising, until 1877, when he removed to Phillips county, Kan., and settled upon a homestead. Hist great ambition was to become a lawyer and he began to read law while farming for a living. In 1882 he was admitted to the bar and within a short time formed a partnership with S. W. McElroy, under whom he served as deputy county attorney for four years. He was elected county attorney of Phillips county in 1890 and reëlected in 1892, serving in that capacity four years, but refused a third nomination. In 1896 he was nominated for Congress by the Populist party and elected. After serving one term in Congress he retired from politics and gave his attention to his law practice.

McCoy, Isaac, missionary, was born near Uniontown, Fayette county, Pa., June 13, 1784. The next year his family removed to Kentucky, where his youth was passed, and in 1817 he began his work as a missionary among the Miami Indians in the Wabash valley in Indiana. In the spring of 1820 he went to Fort Wayne, Ind., and in Dec., 1822, followed the Pottawatomie Indians to Michigan, becoming the founder of the Grand river mission in 1826. Two years later he was one of the commissioners appointed to visit the western country and select homes for the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In Jan., 1829, he visited Washington and made a report of his investigations, and in July he again started west. In 1837 he was sent by the government to survey the Delaware lands and while on this work he made arrangements for missions among the Otoes and Omahas; held a council with the Pawnees; visited the Cherokees and Creeks and assisted in adjusting the boundaries of their reservations, and made a report proposing locations for the Pottawatomies, Ottawas, Miamis, New York tribes and some others. His report was accepted by the government and he remained with the Indians on their reservations until 1842, when he went to Louisville, Ky., to assume the management of the work of the American Indian Mission Association. Mr. McCoy was the author of a History of Baptist Indian Missions. He died at Louisville in 1846.

McCoy, Joseph G., founder of the cattle trade in Kansas and originator of the Abilene trail (q. v.), was born in Sangamon county, Ill., Dec. 21, 1837, the youngest of eleven children born to David and Mary (Kirkpatrick) McCoy, natives of Virginia and Kentucky, respectively. He was educated in the common schools and at Knox College, and in 1861 he embarked in the cattle business. On Oct. 22, 1861, he married Miss Sarah Epler. In 1867 he conceived the idea of establishing a shipping depot for cattle at some point in the west and selected Abilene, Kan., from which place he opened a trail to the Indian Territory. Some people sneered at his ideas, but he demonstrated their practicability. About 75,000 cattle were shipped from Abilene in 1868, and by 1871 the number had increased to 600,000 or more. He lived in Abilene, where he served as mayor, until 1873, when he removed to Kansas City, Mo. In 1881 he was employed by the the Cherokee Indians as agent to col