Total receipts of the 52 land-grant colleges from all sources for 1928 amounted to $142,182,108 as compared with $34,917,807 for 1915, an increase of $107,264,301, or 310 per cent.

The mere presentation of a large increase in total revenue provides little information of real value. A complete analysis by sources is needed for a better appraisal. Limitations are placed on the use of income derived by land-grant colleges from some sources while from others it is available for any purpose. Other revenues represent funds only partially related or wholly unrelated to educational work. Of the total increase of $107,264,301 between 1915 and 1928, the amounts of gain from each source with percentages of the total are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5.—Amounts and percentages of gain in revenues between 1915 and 1928

The general impression prevails that the enormous advance in receipts of land-grant colleges and State universities is due almost entirely to increased support from the States. Yet in this analysis, it is shown that but 47 per cent of the total gain made over the 13-year period was actually contributed by the States for the upbuilding of the institutions. The remaining 53 per cent of the total increase came from other sources, including Federal funds, private gifts, institutional funds, and earnings and miscellaneous revenues of the colleges. An examination of the percentage of increase from the various sources shows a similar situation. The total receipts for 1915 and 1928 of all the institutions with percentages of increases for each source is presented in Table 6.

TABLE 6.-Receipts for 1915 and 1928 with percentages of increases from each

The percentage of increase in the income of the colleges from State sources between 1928 and 1915 was 256 per cent. In the case of only one other source, Federal funds, which amounted to 162 per cent, was the percentage of increase less. The percentage of increase from private gifts was 377 per cent, or 122 per cent greater than the percentage of increase from State funds. Revenues from institutional funds showed a percentage of increase of 461 per cent between 1928 and 1915, while the percentage of increase from earnings and miscellaneous revenues was 564 per cent.

It is, therefore, apparent that not only the greater proportion of the increased receipts of the land-grant institutions was derived from sources other than the States, but the revenues received from other sources show far larger percentages of increase. The ordinary assumption is that the agency controlling an educational institution contributes the major portion of its support. The land-grant colleges are State-controlled. They are integral parts of the State systems of public education. In view of these facts these figures are of special interest.

Attention has already been called to the fact that expenditure of the income of the colleges from certain sources is limited to specific purposes. For instance, of the total increase of $8,351,439 made between 1915 and 1928 in income from Federal sources, nothing was available for the support of undergraduate agricultural, mechanic arts, and academic branches, there being no increase in Federal appropriations for these purposes during the period. The entire amount was for the expansion of research in the agricultural experiment stations, for cooperative agricultural and home economics extension work, and for training of vocational teachers in the colleges. A large part of the increase in income from private gifts was also subject to limitations placed on its use. Other portions of the increased receipts were noneducational in character. The increase in earnings and miscellaneous revenues of the land-grant institutions between 1915 and 1928 amounting to $20,487,251 represented additional receipts from residence, dining halls, and other rotary funds, which could not be utilized for educational development. The gain of $21,427,861 in institutional funds was only partially available for academic purposes. It consisted in part of additional revenues from student fees and interest on trust funds. The remainder was made up of enhanced receipts from athletics.

It must be understood that the computations just presented refer to the land-grant colleges as a group and not to individual institutions. No attempt has been made to evaluate the proportion of gain in the total receipts of any particular college contributed by the State as compared with other sources nor the percentage of increase

from different sources, although the figures are available in the table. There are a number of the land-grant institutions to which the State has provided the greater proportion of income gains between 1915 and 1928 and where the percentage of increase from State sources far exceeds such percentage from other sources.

The total 1928 receipts of all the land-grant institutions amounted to $142,182,108 of which $13,481,921 consisted of Federal funds, $71,123,755 of State funds, $7,392,862 of private gifts, $15,388,563 of student fees, $10,679,061 of other institutional receipts, $17,218,257 of earnings, and $6,897,689 of miscellaneous receipts, as shown in Table 7. Federal receipts comprise 9.5 per cent of the total, State appropriations 50 per cent, private gifts 5.2 per cent, student fees 10.8 per cent, other institutional receipts 7.5 per cent, earnings 12.1 per cent, and miscellaneous receipts 4.9 per cent. The States contributed 50 per cent of the receipts of the colleges for 1928, while the remaining 50 per cent was obtained from other sources.