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pally throughout its northern portion, the farthest south being at Santa Clara and Mariposa. On the 9th of September, 1851, the representatives of the divisions then existing met in San Francisco and organized the "Grand Division of California." There are four subordinate divisions in this city, embracing some five hundred members. In the entire State the roll of membership is not short of 2,500. Numerous branch organizations have likewise grown into successful operation in San Francisco and the other cities of California. There are two flourishing unions of the Daughters of Temperance, one at Sacramento and one here; of the Templars of Honor there are also two organizations at the same places; and there are eight sections of the Cadets of Temperance, consisting of lads of between twelve and seventeen years of

age, who do good service. The section in this city numbers over forty members, though of very recent date. The temperance influence has been markedly and beneficially felt. Various hotels are conducted on strictly anti-intoxicating principles, and some of the great refreshment saloons have abolished the sale of stimulating draughts.

Distinct from these great Orders, branches of which exist in every hamlet of our mighty empire, there have arisen in San Francisco various local associations, whose objects have been more or less limited to peculiar sects or races, whom they have either sought to unite in closer social intimacy or to mutually aid and succor when they might become necessitous. The descendants of the Pilgrim Fathers, as early as September, 1850, organized the New England Society of San Francisco, for the first object. A meeting was held by a number of immigrants from the Eastern States, at the American House on Clay street, opposite the plaza; and the subsequent organization of the society was completed at the District Court-room in the old City Hall at the corner of Pacific and Kearny streets, and the following officers chosen :

President.-Charles Gilman, of N. H.

Vice-Presidents.-J. C. Derby, of Mass., W. H. Clark, of Me., John A. Collins, of Vt., G. V. S. Gibbs, of R. I., and Theodore Dimond, of Ct.

Treasurer.-Geo. W. Gibbs. Auditor.-H. K. W. Clark. Librarian.— Wm. A. Dana. Corresponding Secretary.-Louis R. Lull. Recording Secretary.-Henry L. Dodge. Executive Committee.-J. P. Treadwell, Lucien Skinnett, J. Satterlee, C. D. Cushman, Robert Hopkins, and O. N. Bush.

In 1851, the society had made arrangements to furnish a library and reading-room for the use of the members. Rooms had been secured in a wooden building on the north side of Washington street, between Kearny and Montgomery streets, and a large collection of books, pamphlets and newspapers had been ordered from the Atlantic States, and a part of them were then on their way. The building in which were the society rooms, and all the books, records and papers in the hands of the officers were destroyed in the fire of May 3d and 4th of that year. General Wilson and Messrs. Satterlee, Clarke and Austin, prominent members of the association, were badly burned, and narrowly escaped with their lives. The society soon replaced its losses and resumed its prosperity. It has succeeded eminently in its objects; and its members, by constant intercourse, are in a measure reconciled to the want of homes and families, and made to feel less like isolated and uncared-for strangers. It celebrates its anniversary on the 22d of December annually by speeches, feasting, etc., and in 1853 a new feature was introduced by the presence of ladies, wives and relatives of the members.

The SOCIETY OF CALIFORNIA PIONEERS was instituted in August, 1850, as we have already fully described, for a somewhat similar object. It sought to bind together in social union the original founders of the great city of St. Francis, and to perpetuate the reminiscences of their days of toil, by collecting and preserving the early records of California history.

Numerous other exclusively charitable and benevolent associations have since been instituted. In 1851, the French citizens organized a society called the French Benevolent Society, designed to relieve the necessities of their sick and indigent countrymen. More recently the Germans have formed a German Benevolent Society, for similar purposes, and have enrolled almost three hundred members. The Jewish residents of the city have been equally mindful of the wants of those of their own persuasion by founding the First Hebrew Benevolent Society. The soldiers, who served in the Mexican War, and who are numerous among our citizens, have in May, 1854, organized a society among themselves, of which Gen. Wool is president, to perpetuate their old associations, and render mutual aid and succor to

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those who may be destitute. On the 4th of August, 1853, the San Francisco Ladies' Protection and Relief Society was established, by the wives of numerous influential citizens, for the purpose of affording protection and assistance to women in need and distress, residents or strangers. Very many unfortunate females have been furnished, through the exertions of its members, with comfortable homes, and provided with situations in respectable families, where they are enabled to earn honest livelihoods. Medical, Law, Library and Literary Associations, with the various Religious Societies already noticed, are numerous, and most of them, besides their more special objects, have beneficial provisions for their needy and deserving members.

This much has been done for the adult sufferers of the dismal days of the gold hunt and the present beneficiaries of the land of wealth,—but there were also little children in San Francisco, though few in number, who had been left fatherless and motherless to be tossed about in the great mælstrom of passion-who knew not wherewith to feed their hunger, nor where to rest their wearied bodies, nor from whom to expect sympathy or assistance. Honor to the great young city, these were not forgotten! In February of 1851, a few ladies of the different congregations of the city, cordially met in the First Presbyterian Church, and, having buried the hatchet of sectarian jealousies, established the "San Francisco Orphan Asylum," under the following officers:

President.-Mrs. Williams.

Vice-President.-Mrs. Wiley. Treasurer.-Mrs. Boring. Secretary.— Mrs. Warren. Managers.-Mesdames Waller, Taylor, Wheeler, E. V. Gillespie, Joyce and Dubbs. Trustees.-Messrs. Chas. Gilman, Stephen Franklin and Daniel L. Ross. Matron.-Mrs. Wilson.

This society commenced with eight orphans, and now has about thirty under its charge. Since it left the church it has occupied rent free the cottage of Mr. Halleck on Folsom street, but has now removed to the beautiful structure which has been built for its accommodation. The common council, April 4th, 1853, passed an ordinance conveying to the trustees all the interest had by the city in a lot of ground near Yerba Buena Cemetery, for the purpose of erecting on it a suitable building.

The right to the land was in dispute, but the parties adverse to the city's title had readily renounced their claim, and now the city did the same. The situation is a pleasant one, though retired, and the building erected is a handsome and commodious edifice. About $24,000 have been expended upon the building and grounds.

The Roman Catholic citizens of San Francisco have had a similar institution in connection with the St. Patrick's Catholic Church and school since 1852, in which there are now about fifty orphans, over whom five Sisters of Charity exercise their kind and matronly care. This asylum is situated in Happy Valley, and like the other is doing much good, and is very generously sustained.

In all these works of benevolence have been shown the finer parts of human nature,--even though their field has been only San Francisco, and their gratifying results are as certain indices of the real merits of the place, as the hosts of crime are of the evils of unchecked passion and excitement. The good already gained is surely an earnest of what may yet be done.

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CERTAIN men in the histories of various countries, have, from different causes, acquired a universal hold upon the affections of the people. Such was the enthusiasm, which actuated every member of the Grande Armée,-noblesse and bourgeoisie,-in his life and death attachment to the Little Corporal; such, the gratitude and reverence unanimously rendered to our First President; and such the admiration and respect for the subject of our sketch, evinced by the heterogeneous population of the new 'city in the Occident. We can, without being accused of fulsome flattery, or without the fear of contradiction, employ terms of

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