Read aloud these sentences. 1. My dog "risk fled from his foe, Farmer Fowler's Newfoundland, whose name was Frank. 2. Fairy folk frolic in the fresh, green forest. Remember that you are learning to speak ounds, not letters. You have found that the sound ä-oo belongs to ou and ow. The sound of f we find sometimes spelled with ph and gh. Look at these words: geography (fy) draught (ft) laughed (ft) photograph (f) telegraph (f) telephone (f) See how many words with the sound of ƒ spelled with gh or ph you can find in the poems or stories in your book. 237 FOR READING WHITE BUTTERFLIES Fly, white butterflies, out to sea, Some fly light as a laugh of glee, Fly! --Algernon Charles Swinburne. Notice the words in this poem that contain the sound Do not forget that this sound is sometimes spelled of f. gh. Read aloud the words with this sound. Your classmates will tell you if you leave out any. Have you ever seen white butterflies? the thought of the poem? Do you get Some one may tell what the poet says in the first stanza. Some one else may tell the thought of the second stanza. Read the poem silently again to be sure that you can give the poet's message, through your voice, to your classmates and teacher. Read it aloud clearly and carefully. What other sounds that you have practiced do you find in the poem? 238 LEARNING PARTS OF SPEECH ADVERBS The American soldiers advanced cheerfully. Read all the words which tell how the American soldiers advanced. These words serve the verb. They change or modify your idea of the manner in which the soldiers advanced. Because these words modify a verb, they are called adverbs. What question do the adverbs in the above sentences answer? Some adverbs answer other questions. The train arrived early. The train arrived immediately. What question do the adverbs early and immediately answer? The boys walked here. The boys walked behind. What question do the adverbs here and behind answer? Most adverbs answer the questions, How? When? or Where? Tell which of the above questions is answered by the adverb in each of the following sentences. 1. I am going away. 2. The stream flows swiftly. 3. I shall return soon. 4. He read silently. 5. They will come later. 6. The boys traveled far. 7. They came yesterday. 8. The children laughed merrily. 9. Shall I do it now? 10. Everywhere I saw signs of the storm. The adverb serves the verb. Read the stanza on page 197. What are the names of the six honest serving men? Which ones belong to the adverb family? What is the name of their master? 239 USING ADVERBS Name all the verbs in the following sentence. The horse neighed, the mountain lion roared, the wolf howled, the serpent hissed, and the buffalo bellowed. Now write these facts as separate sentences, adding to each verb an adverb that tells how. Do not use the same adverb twice. Thus: The horse neighed The mountain lion roared Copy the following sentences, adding an adverb that tells when. 5. Do you know- you threw your ball. 6. Tom found it and brought it -? For each of the following sentences make a list of adverbs that may be used after the verb. You will see that each adverb you use changes or modifies the meaning of the verb. 1. The children sang 240 OTHER WORK OF ADVERBS MODIFYING ADVERBS AND ADJECTIVES He walks very fast. They talk too loudly. What question does the word fast answer? What part of speech is it? To what degree does he walk fast? To what degree do they talk loudly? Notice that the word very modifies the adverb fast, and the word too modifies the adverb loudly. Very and too are adverbs. An adverb may modify another adverb. She was extremely pretty. Frank tried to be wholly reasonable. What parts of speech are pretty and reasonable? How do you know? To what degree was she pretty? To what degree was Frank reasonable? Notice that extremely modifies the adjective pretty, and wholly modifies the adjective reasonable. |