And whenever in the opinion of the governor there is danger of persons unlawfully, routously, riotously or tumultuously assembling within the State, he may issue his proclamation to the people of the State, setting forth said danger and charging and commanding all persons to desist and refrain from routs, riots and tumultuous assemblies; and he may at any time in his discretion issue his proclamation, charging and commanding all persons unlawfully, routously, riotously or tumultuously assembled, immediately to disperse and peacefully to depart to their habitations, upon the penalties inflicted by the laws of the State; which proclamations shall be by the secretary of State published in some newspaper in every town, city, or county where said proclamation is intended to operate.

If any persons shall assemble as aforesaid after publication of proclamation by the governor, or, being assembled as aforesaid, shall refuse to obey such proclamation, or, after the making of proclamation by any of the aforesaid officers, shall not forthwith disperse themselves, every such officer may command sufficient aid and seize, arrest and secure in custody any or all such persons, so that they may be proceeded against according to law, and if any such persons shall be killed or wounded by reason of their resisting the persons endeavoring to disperse or seize them, the said justice, sheriff, mayor, deputy sheriff, town sergeant, constable and their assistants shall be indemnified and held guiltless.

SEC. 2. Every person who, being commanded by such justice, sheriff, deputy sheriff, mayor, town sergeant or constable as aforesaid, shall refuse or neglect to afford the assistance required, shall be fined not less than seven dollars nor more than thirty dollars.

SEC. 3. All persons who, after proclamation made as aforesaid, shall unlawfully, routously, riotously and tumultuously continue together or shall willfully obstruct or hinder any such officer, who shall be known or shall openly declare himself to be such, from making such proclamation, shall be fined not exceeding one thousand dollars or shall be imprisoned not exceeding one year; and if any such persons so riotously assembled shall demolish or pull down or begin to demolish or pull down any dwelling-house or other building, ship or vessel, or destroy any other property or thing, they shall be fined or imprisoned as aforesaid.

SEC. 9. Whenever any property of the value of fifty dollars or more shall be destroyed or be injured to that amount by any persons to the number of six or more unlawfully, routously, riotously or tumultuously assembled, the town or city within which said property was situated shall be liable to indemnify the owner thereof to the amount of three-fourths of the value of the property so destroyed or three-fourths of the amount of such injury thereto, to be recovered in an action of the case in any court proper to try the same, provided the owner of such property shall use all reasonable diligence to prevent its destruction or injury by such unlawful assembly and to procure the conviction of the offenders.

SEC. 10. Any town or city which shall pay any sum under the provisions of the preceding section, may recover the same against any or all of the persons who shall have destroyed or injured such property.

CHAPTER 278.--Intimidation of employees.

SEC. 8. Every person who, by himself or in concert with other persons, shall attempt by force, violence, threats or intimidation of any kind to prevent, or who shall prevent any other person from entering upon and pursuing any employment, upon such terms and conditions as he may think proper, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or be imprisoned not exceeding ninety days.

CHAPTER 279.-Railroads-Obstructing, injuring property of, etc.

SEC. 29. Every person who shall willfully place upon any railroad track any substance or thing with intent to hinder or impede the passage of any locomotive engine or car over such railroad, or shall willfully do any other act, matter or thing, with intent to hinder, impede or interrupt the passage of such locomotive engine or car, shall be imprisoned not exceeding ten years, or be fined not exceeding ten thousand dollars.

SEC. 31. Whoever willfully throws or shoots a missile at a locomotive engine, or railroad or street railway car, or at a person on such engine or car, or in any way assaults or interferes with a conductor, engineer, brakeman, driver or motorman while in discharge of his duty on or near a railroad engine, car, or train, or on or near a street railway car, shall be fined not less than five nor more than one hun

dred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than three months nor more than one year.

SEC. 32. Whoever unlawfully and intentionally injures, molests or destroys any electric or other signal of a railroad corporation, or any line, wire, post or other structure or mechanism used in connection with such signal on a railroad, or destroys, or in any way interferes with, the proper working of such signal, shall be punished by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding two years.

CHAPTER 279.-Obstructing conduct of business, eic.

SEC. 45. Every person who shall willfully and maliciously or mischievously injure or destroy the property of another, or obstruct the use of the property of another, or obstruct another in the prosecution of his lawful business or pursuits. in any manner, the punishment whereof is not specially provided for by statute, shall be fined not exceeding twenty dollars or be imprisoned not exceeding three months.

CHAPTER 279.-Obstructing use of street railways.

SEC. 65. Every person who shall willfully and maliciously obstruct a street railway company in the use of its tracks, or willfully and maliciously delay or obstruct the passing of its cars or carriages thereon, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding two years: Provided, That nothing in this chapter shall be construed to interfere with the necessary work of laying and repairing any gas or water pipes or sewers, or the necessary and reasonable obstruction of tracks by vehicles in the process of loading and unloading not prohibited by any town or city ordinance.

SEC. 66. Every person who shall aid, assist, abet, counsel, hire, command, or procure, any person to do or attempt any of the acts mentioned in the preceding section, shall be subject to like fine or imprisonment as provided in said section.

CHAPTER 281.-Sunday labor.

SEC. 17. Every person who shall do or exercise any labor or business or work of his ordinary calling, or use any game, sport, play or recreation on the first day of the week, or suffer the same to le done or used by his children, servants or apprentices, works of necessity and charity only excepted, shall be fined not exceeding five dollars for the first offense and ten dollars for the second and every subsequent offense.

SEC. 18. Every person who shall employ, improve, set to work or encourage the servant of any other person to commit any act named in the preceding section shall suffer the like punishment.

SEC. 19. All complaints for violations of the provisions of the preceding two sections shall be made within ten days after the committing thereof and not afterwards.

SFC. 20. Every professor of the Sabbatarian faith or of the Jewish religion, and such others as shall be owned or acknowledged by any church or society of said respective professions as members of or as belonging to such church or society, shall be permitted to labor in their respective professions or vocations on the first day of the week, but the exception in this section contained shall not confer the liberty of opening shops or stores on the said day for the purpose of trade and merchandise, or lading, unlading or of fitting out of vessels, or of working at the smith's business or any other mechanical trade in any compact place, except the compact villages in Westerly and Hopkinton, or of drawing seines or fishing or fowling in any manner in public places and out of their own possessions; and in case any dispute shall arise respecting the person entitled to the benefit of this section, a certificate from a regular pastor or priest of any of the aforesaid churches or societies or from any three of the standing members of such church or society, declaring the person claiming the exemption aforesaid to be a member of or owned by or belonging to such church or society, shall be received as conclusive evidence of the fact.

CHAPTER 285.-Convict labor.

SEC. 39. All persons liable to be imprisoned on account of their conviction in any county of any criminal offense not punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, the punishment for which shall be a fine of not less than five dollars or a

term of imprisonment of not less than thirty days, or of any offense punishable by fine and imprisonment both, shall be imprisoned in the jail in the county of Providence, and shall be let or kept at labor therein, or in the state prison, for the benefit of the State, in such manner, under such contract and subject to such rules, regulations and discipline as the board of state charities and corrections shall appoint: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prohibit the sentencing or commitment of any person to the State reform school or to the state workhouse and house of correction.

CHAPTER 289.-Convict labor.

SEC. 14. All persons imprisoned in the jail in the county of Providence on account of their conviction of any criminal offense, or on execution issued in any qui-tam or penal action, or for not giving the recognizance required of them to keep the peace upon complaint for threats, shall be let or kept at labor therein or on the prison lot or in some building thereon, for the benefit of the State, in such manner, under such contract and subject to such rules, regulations and discipline as the board of state charities and corrections may make.

SEC. 15. Every person who shall be committed for nonpayment of fine and costs, or for not giving the recognizance required of him to keep the peace upon complaints for threats, or shall be detained in such jail after the expiration of the term for which he was sentenced to be imprisoned for nonpayment of costs, shall be allowed by the State ten cents per day for the first thirty days and thirty-three and one-third cents per day for every day after said thirty days that he shall labor toward the payment of his fine and costs, or costs, as the case may be.

SEC. 16. Every person who shall be committed to such jail to answer for any criminal offense, or on mesne process in any qui-tam or penal action, or on mesne process or execution in any civil action, may be permitted to labor as aforesaid, in the discretion of said board of state charities and corrections, for the State, and in such case shall be allowed for his labor the sum of twenty-five cents per day for every day he shall so labor, to be paid to such prisoner by the order of the keeper of said jail upon the general treasurer, certified by at least one of said

board.

SEC. 17. Every person who shall have been imprisoned in said jail for a period exceeding six months, by virtue of an execution issued in any civil suit, may, at his request, during the remaining time of his detention therein, be let or kept at labor, as convicts are under section fifteen of this chapter, for the benefit of his creditor or creditors by virtue of whose executions he is imprisoned.

SEC. 18. Such execution debtor shall be allowed by the State for every day's actual labor by him done the sum of twenty cents, if the State shall receive or be benefited to that amount by his labor, if not, the amount which the State shall receive therefor or be benefited thereby.

SEC. 19. The keeper of such jail shall keep against every such execution debtor an account, in the name of the State, in which he shall charge him with the cost of board, if any, provided for him by the State, and any other necessaries furnished to such debtor by the State, and shall credit him with the price or value of his labor as aforesaid, and the balance, if any, shall, as often as once a month, be paid over by said keeper to the creditor detaining such debtor, or if there be more than one creditor so detaining him, be divided amongst such detaining creditors, in equal proportion to the amount of their debts, in liquidation of the same.

CHAPTER 290.—State reform school—Industrial training.

SEC. 1. There shall continue to be maintained a school for the confinement, instruction and reformation of juvenile offenders and of young persons of idle, vicious or vagrant habits, to be called the state reform school, divided into two departments, one for boys and one for girls.

SEC. 2. The department for boys shall be called and known as the Sockanosset School for Boys, and any boy hereafter sentenced to the state reform school shall perform his sentence at the said Sockanosset School for Boys.

SEC. 3. The department for girls shall be called and known as the Oaklawn School for Girls, and any girl hereafter sentenced to the state reform school shall perform her sentence at the said Oaklawn School for Girls.

SEC. 4. The government of said school shall be vested in the board of state charities and corrections.

SEC. 13. The said board shall cause the minors under their charge to be instructed in the principles of virtue and morality and in such branches of useful knowledge as shall be adapted to their age and capacity. They shall also be instructed

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in such regular course of labor as shall be best suited to their age and strength and shall seem best adapted to secure the reformation and amendment and future benefit of the minors, and, in binding out the inmates, the said board shall have scrupulous regard to the moral character of those to whom they are to be bound, to the end that they may secure to the minors the benefit of a good example and wholesome instruction, the means of improvement in virtue and knowledge, and the opportunity of becoming intelligent, moral and useful members of society.

CHAPTER 291.-Convict labor.

SEC. 4. The oversight, management and control of the state farm in Cranston, of the state workhouse and house of correction, state asylum for the incurable insane and state almshouse thereon, together with the state prison and the jail in the county of Providence, shall be vested in the board of state charities and corrections.

SEC. 7. The board shall appoint a superintendent of the state institutions in Cranston, who shall hold his office during their pleasure. Such officer shall, under their direction, have the control and management of the state farm and of the state workhouse and house of correction, state asylum for the incurable insane and state almshouse thereon, and he shall have the general oversight of the state prison and jail in the county of Providence and report to the board from time to time upon their condition and management. The board shall, upon the nomination of the superintendent of the state institutions, appoint a deputy superintendent of the state workhouse and house of correction, a deputy superintendent of the state asylum for the incurable insane, and a deputy superintendent of the state almshouse, who shall hold their respective offices during the pleasure of the board. Said superintendent shall appoint all the assistants to the deputy superintendents and such other persons employed upon said state farm as the board shall deem necessary and shall discharge the same at his pleasure. The board shall fix the compensation of their secretary and of the superintendent of the state institutions, the agent of state charities and corrections, the deputy superintendents and their assistants, the warden and deputy warden of the state prison and their assistants, and all other persons employed in any manner upon said state farm and the institutions thereon, adopt all needful rules and regulations for the government of the institutions upon said farm, and make contracts for the labor of the inmates thereof.

SEC. 10. The board shall direct, as they may think proper, all purchases for use on the state farm and in any of the public institutions thereon, and also in the state prison and jail in the county of Providence; they shall, in their discretion, sell the products of said farm and institutions; they shall make such contracts respecting the labor of the inmates of the several institutions as they may think proper, and they shall cause full accounts thereof to be kept.

SEC. 12. The oversight, management and control of the state prison shall be vested in the board of state charities and corrections.

SEC. 15. The board shall make all lawful and necessary rules and regulations for the internal police of the prison, for the mode of employing the convicts imprisoned therein, and the place of such employment within the limits of the prison yard or within any of the buildings on the prison lot or on any portion of the state farm, and shall determine the uniform to be worn by the prisoners. Such rules and regulations shall be entered in a book kept for that purpose and a copy thereof given to the warden and other officers of the prison. One or more members of said board shall at least twice a month visit the prison, examine into the condition of the prisoners, hear any complaints that they may make, and see that the rules and regulations of the prison are strictly observed; and the person or persons so visiting shall keep a particular record of such visits and the complaints made to them by prisoners, whether well or ill founded, in a book kept for that purpose, open to the inspection of the whole board, and to be filed with the records of said board.

SEC. 16. The board shall have full power and authority over all convicts who now are or hereafter may be committed to the prison: may enlarge their confinement and regulate their labor and exercise within the limits of the prison yard or of any building on the prison lot or any part of the state farm; may confine, in their discretion, in the jail in the county of Providence, females sentenced to imprisonment in the state prison: may admit such communication to and from prisoners and their friends and between prisoners themselves, and such books and other articles to be given to them as they may deem expedient, the same being consistent with the safe keeping of the prisoners.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE 3.-Exemption from execution, etc.-Homesteads and personal property. SECTION 28. The general assembly shall enact such laws as will exempt from attachment, levy and sale under any mesne or final process issued from any court, to the head of any family residing in this State, a homestead in lands, whether held in fee or any lesser estate, to the value of one thousand dollars, or so much thereof as the property is worth if its value is less than one thousand dollars, with the yearly products thereof, and to every head of a family residing in this State, whether entitled to a homestead exemption in lands or not, personal property to the value of five hundred dollars, or so much thereof as the property is worth if its value is less than five hundred dollars. The title to the homestead to be set off and assigned shall be absolute and be forever discharged from all debts of the said debtor then existing or thereafter contracted except as hereinafter provided: Provided, That in case any woman having a separate estate shall be married to the head of a family who has not of his own sufficient property to constitute a homestead as herein before provided, said married woman shall be entitled to a like exemption as provided for the head of a family: Provided, further, That there shall not be an allowance of more than one thousand dollars' worth of real estate and more than five hundred dollars' worth of personal property to the husband and wife jointly: Provided, further, That no property shall be exempt from attachment, levy or sale for taxes, or for payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said homestead or personal property exemption or the erection or making of improvements or repairs thereon: Provided, further, That the yearly products of said homestead shall not be exempt from attachment, levy or sale for the payment of obligations contracted in the production of the same: Provided, further, That no waiver shall defeat the right of homestead before assignment except it be by deed of conveyance, or by mortgage, and only as against the mortgage debt; and no judgment creditor or other creditor whose lien does not bind the homestead shall have any right or equity to require that a lien which embraces the homestead and other property shall first exhaust the homestead: Provided, further, That after a homestead in lands has been set off and recorded the same shall not be waived by deed of conveyance, mortgage or otherwise, unless the same be executed by both husband and wife, if both be living: Provided, further, That any person not the head of a family shall be entitled to a like exemption as provided for the head of a family in all necessary wearing apparel and tools and implements of trade, not to exceed in value the sum of three hundred dollars.

ARTICLE 5.-Convict labor.

SEC. 33. Circuit courts and all courts inferior thereto and municipal courts shall have the power, in their discretion, to impose sentence of labor upon highways, streets and other public works upon persons by them sentenced to imprisonment.

ARTICLE 8.—Importation of men for police duty prohibited.

SEC. 9. No armed police force or representatives of a detective agency shall ever be brought into this State for the suppression of domestic violence; nor shall any other armed or unarmed body of men be brought in for that purpose, except upon the application of the general assembly or of the executive of this State (when the general assembly is not in session), as provided in the Constitution of the United States. The general assembly shall provide proper penalties for the enforcement of the provisions of this section.

ARTICLE 9.-Liability of railroad companies for injuries of employees.

SEC. 15. Every employee of any railroad corporation shall have the same rights and remedies for any injury suffered by him from the acts or omissions of said corporation or its employees as are allowed by law to other persons not employees, when the injury results from the negligence of a superior agent or officer, or of a person having a right to control or direct the services of a party injured, and also when the injury results from the negligence of a fellow-servant engaged in another department of labor from that of the party injured, or of a fellow-servant on