CHAPTER 277.-Stone used on public works to be worked within the State, etc. SEC. 1. All stone of any description used in state or municipal works within this State, or which is to be worked, dressed or carved for such use shall be so worked, dressed or carved upon the grounds where such works are being carried on, or within the boundaries of the State, or within the boundaries of the municipality. A clause shall be inserted in all specifications or contracts hereafter awarded by state, county or municipal authorities, authorizing or requiring the use of worked, dressed or carved stone therein, to the fact that all such stone shall be worked, dressed or carved for such use as required by this act. If any contractor within this State or within a municipal corporation of the State shall violate any provision of this act, the State or such municipal corporation shall revoke said contract, and shall be discharged from any liability to any such contractor by reason of said contract.

CHAPTER 556, TITLE 15.-Industrial training in public schools.

SEC. 25. Boards or departments of education of cities and villages, and of union free schools and trustees of public school districts, are hereby authorized and empowered to establish and maintain a department or departments in the schools under their charge for industrial training and for teaching and illustrating the manual or industrial arts, and the principles underlying the same; and for that purpose they are respectively authorized to purchase and use such material and apparatus, and to establish and maintain such shops, and to employ such instructor or instructors, in addition to the other teachers in said schools, as in their judgment shall be deemed necessary or proper whenever the authorities or electors respectively now authorized by law to raise money by taxation for school purposes, shall make provision for the maintenance of such departments.

SEC. 27. The state normal and training schools which are or hereafter may be established in this. State, hereby are and shall be required to include in their courses of instruction the principles underlying the manual or industrial arts, and also the practical training in the same, to such an extent, as the superintendent of public instruction may prescribe, and to such further extent as the local boards, respectively, of said normal and training schools may prescribe.

CHAPTER 671.-Employment of children.

SEC. 5. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to employ any child between the ages of eight and twelve years in any business or service whatever, during any part of the term during which the public schools of the district in which the child resides, are in session; or to employ any child between twelve and fourteen years of age who does not, at the time of such employment, present a certificate signed by the superintendent of schools of the city or district in which the child resides, or, where there is no superintendent, by such other officer as the school authorities may designate, certifying that such child has complied with the law relating to attendance at school during the school year between September and July, then current; and any person who shall employ any child contrary to the provisions of this section shall, for each offense, forfeit and pay to the treasurer of the city or village or to the supervisor of the town in which such offense shall occur, a penalty of fifty dollars, the same, when paid, to be added to the public school moneys of the city, village or district in which the offense occurred.

CHAPTER 698.-Marking of convict-made goods. (a)

SEC. 1. All goods, wares and merchandise made by convict labor in any penitentiary, prison, reformatory or other establishment in which convict labor is employed in any State, except the State of New York, and imported, brought or introduced into the State of New York, shall before being exposed for sale be branded, labeled or marked as hereinafter provided, and shall not be exposed for sale in any place within this State without such brand, label or mark.

SEC. 2. The brand, label or mark hereby required shall contain at the head or top thereof, the words "convict made," followed by the year and name of the penitentiary, prison, reformatory or other establishinent in which it was made, in plain English lettering, of the style and size known as great primer Roman condensed capitals. The brand or mark shall in all cases, where the nature of the article will permit, be placed upon the same, and only where such branding or

a See Decision, page 1315.

marking is impossible shall a label be used, and where a label is used it shall be in the form of a paper tag, which shall be attached by wire to each article where the nature of the article will permit, and placed securely upon the box, crate or other covering in which such goods, wares or merchandise may be packed, shipped or exposed for sale. Said brand, mark or label shall be placed upon the outside of and upon the most conspicuous part of the finished article and its box, crate or covering.

SEC. 3. It shall be the duty of the commissioner of labor statistics and the district attorneys of the several counties to enforce the provisions of this act and of section three hundred and eighty-four-b of the penal code, and when, upon complaint or otherwise, the commissioner of labor statistics has reason to believe that this act is being violated, he shall advise the district attorney of the county wherein such alleged violation has occurred, of that fact, giving the information in support of his conclusions, and such district attorney shall at once institute the proper legal proceedings to compel compliance with this act.

SEC. 4. It shall be lawful for any person, persons or corporation to furnish evidence as to the violation upon the part of any person, persons or corporation, and upon the conviction of any such person, persons or corporation, one-half of the fine, provided for by section three hundred and eighty-four-b of the penal code, which shall be secured, shall be paid upon certificate by the district attorney to the commissioner of labor statistics, who shall use such money in investigating and securing information in regard to the violations of this act and in paying the expenses of such conviction.

CHAPTER 699.—Importation of convict-made goods.

SEC. 1. On and after the first day of January, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, it shall be unlawful for any person, persons or corporation to expose for sale within the State of New York, without first obtaining from the comptroller of the State a license to sell, any convict-made goods, merchandise or wares, as hereinafter provided.

SEC. 2. Every person, persons or corporation desiring to act as agents for or to deal in convict-made goods, merchandise or wares, before exposing such goods within the limits of the State of New York, shall make an application in writing to the comptroller setting forth his or their residence or office, the class of goods he, they or it desires to deal in, the town, village or city, giving the street number at which he, they or it intends to locate, together with names of two or more responsible citizens of the State of New York, who shall enter into a bond of not less than five thousand dollars to guarantee that the said applicant will in all and every particular, comply with any and all laws of the State of New York regulating and prescribing the sale of convict-made goods, wares and merchandise.

SEC. 3. The comptroller shall thereupon issue a license to such applicant for one year, except as hereinafter provided, which license shall set forth the name of such person, persons or corporation and shall be kept conspicuously posted in his, their or its place of business.

SEC. 4. Such person, persons or corporation shall annually, before the fifteenth day of January in each year, transmit to the secretary of state a verified statement setting forth:

1. The name of the person, persons or corporation.

2. His, their or its place of business.

3. The names of the persons, agents, wardens or keepers of any prison, jail, penitentiary or reformatory or establishment using convict labor with whom he has done business, and the person, persons or corporation to whom he has sold goods, wares or merchandise, giving the state, city or town and street number of such purchaser or purchasers.

4. In general terms the amount paid to each of such agents, wardens or keepers, for goods, wares or merchandise and the character of goods, wares and merchandise so received.

SEC. 5. Every person, persons or corporation shall pay annually, on or before the fifteenth day of January in each year, the sum of five hundred dollars to the state treasurer, as a license fee, which amount shall be credited to the maintenance account of the state prisons, and shall become available for such use upon the certificate of the comptroller.

SEC. 6. Licenses shall be for one year unless revoked as subsequently provided. SEC. 7. The comptroller shall have power to revoke the license of any person, persons or corporation upon satisfactory evidence or upon conviction for any violation of any law regulating the sale of convict-made goods, wares and merchandise, but no such revocation shall be made until after due notice to the person,

persons or corporation so complained of, and for the purposes of this section the said comptroller, or his authorized agents, shall have power to administer oath and to compel the attendance of persons and the production of books, papers,

et cetera.

SEC. 8. When upon complaint or otherwise the commissioner of labor statistics has reason to believe that this act is being violated, he shall advise the district attorney of the county in which such alleged violation has occurred of that fact, giving the information in support of his conclusions, and the district attorney shall at once institute the proper legal proceedings to compel compliance with this act. Any person offending against the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding ten hundred dollars, nor less than fifty dollars, or to be imprisoned for a term not exceeding twelve months nor less than ten days, or both.

SEC. 9. It shall be lawful for any person, persons or corporation to furnish evidence as to the violation upon the part of any person, persons or corporation, and upon the conviction of such person, persons or corporation, one-half of the fine provided for by this act, which shall be secured, shall be paid by the district attorney to the commissioner of labor statistics, to be used by him in investigating and securing information regarding violations of this act, and in paying the expenses of securing convictions for violations thereof.

SEC. 10. Nothing in this act shall affect the product of the prisons or other penal institutions of the State of New York.

CHAPTER 737.-Convict labor.

SEC. 1. The commissioner of statistics of labor, by virtue of the powers heretofore conferred upon him, shall ascertain forthwith the number of persons within the State employed in manufacturing brooms and brushes made of broom corn, in every factory, shop or other place of employment of which he shall have or obtain any knowledge or information, or of which the address shall be furnished to him, and on or before the first day of June next shall make, certify and transmit to the governor, a tabulated statement of the location of every such factory, shop or place of employment, the names of the respective proprietors or employers, and the number of persons employed in manufacturing said kind of goods in each place of employment, including in a distinct schedule the number of prisoners actually employed in manufacturing said kind of goods in the several prisons, reformatories, penitentiaries and other penal institutions.

SEC. 2. In case it appears from such enumeration that the total number of prisoners employed in manufacturing said kind of goods exceeds five per centum of the total number of persons within the State employed in manufacturing such goods, the governor shall require the managing authorities of any one or more of such penal institutions to discontinue such employment, wholly or in part, as he shall direct, and failure or refusal on the part of any officer to comply with such requirement shall be cause for removal.

SECTION 5. * apparel,

*

*

NORTH CAROLINA.

CONSTITUTION.

ARTICLE V.-Exemptions from taxation.

*The General Assembly may exempt

wearing

* household and kitchen furniture, the mechanical and agricultural implements of mechanics and farmers; libraries and scientific instruinents, or any other personal property, to a value not exceeding three hundred dollars.

ARTICLE X.-Exemptions from execution, etc.

SEC. 1. The personal property of any resident of this State, to the value of five hundred dollars, to be selected by such resident, shall be, and is hereby exempted from sale under execution, or other final process of any court issued for the collection of any debt.

SEC. 2. Every homestead, and the dwellings and buildings used therewith, not exceeding in value one thousand dollars, to be selected by the owner thereof, or in lieu thereof, at the option of the owner, any lot in a city, town or village, with the dwelling and buildings used thereon, owned and occupied by any resident of this State, and not exceeding the value of one thousand dollars, shall be exempt from

sale under execution, or other final process obtained on any debt. But no property shall be exempt from sale for taxes, or for payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of said premises.

SEC. 3. The homestead, after the death of the owner thereof, shall be exempt from the payment of any debt during the minority of his children or any one of them.

SEC. 4. The provisions of section one and two of this article shall not be so construed as to prevent a laborer's lien for work done and performed for the person claiming such exemption, or a mechanic's lien for work done on the premises.

SEC. 5. If the owner of a homestead die, leaving a widow but no children, the same shall be exempt from the debts of her husband, and the rents and profits thereof shall inure to her benefit during her widowhood, unless she be the owner of a homestead in her own right.

SEC. 1. * *

*

The

*

ARTICLE XI.-Convict labor.

*

* provision for imprisonment with hard labor shall be construed to authorize the employment of such convict labor on public works, or highways, or other labor for public benefit, and the farming out thereof, where, and in such manner as may be provided by law; but no convict shall be farmed out who has been sentenced on a charge of murder, manslaughter, rape, attempt to commit rape or arson.

*

*

*

ARTICLE XIV.-Mechanics' liens.

SEC. 4. The General Assembly shall provide, by proper legislation, for giving to mechanics and laborers an adequate lien on the subject matter of their labor.

CODE OF 1883.
VOLUME I.

CHAPTER 10.-Exemptions from execution, etc.

SECTION 501. There shall be exempt from sale under execution or other final process issued for the collection of any debt upon all judgments heretofore, or which may be hereafter rendered, such property as the judgment debtor may have been entitled to have set apart and allotted to him at the time the debt was contracted, or cause of action accrued, as follows:

(1) Upon debts contracted prior to February twenty-fifth, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.—The wearing apparel, working tools, arms for muster, one wheel and two pairs of cards, one loom, one Bible and Testament, one hymnbook, one prayer-book, and all necessary school books, the property of the defendant, shall be exempt from seizure under execution, and in addition to the foregoing articles there shall be, in favor of every housekeeper complying with this chapter, exempt from execution on debts contracted since the first day of July, one thousand eight hundred and forty-five, and prior to February twenty-fifth day, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, the following property, provided the same shall have been set apart before seizure, to wit: one cow and calf, ten bushels of corn or wheat, fifty pounds of bacon, beef, or pork, or one barrel of fish, all necessary farming tools for one laborer, one bed, bedstead, and covering for every two members of the family, and such other property as the freeholders appointed for that purpose may deem necessary for the comfort and support of such debtor's family; such other property not to exceed in value the sum of fifty dollars at cash valuation: Provided, That this section shall not be extended to any person, against whom judgment is obtained and execution awarded for liability incurred for failure or neglect to work on the public roads, or to muster, or pay his poll tax.

(2) Debts contracted since February twenty-fifth, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, and prior to April twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.-The wearing apparel, working tools, arms for muster, one wheel and two pair of cards, one loom, one Bible and Testament, one hymn-book, one prayerbook, and all necessary school books, the property of the defendant, shall be exempt from seizure under execution. And the following property of each head of a family or housekeeper shall be exempt from execution except for taxes: All necessary farming and mechanical tools, one work horse, one yoke of oxen, one cart or wagon, one milch cow and calf, fifteen head of hogs, five hundred pounds of pork or bacon, fifty bushels of corn, twenty bushels of wheat or rice, household

and kitchen furniture not to exceed in value two hundred dollars, the libraries of licensed attorneys at law, practicing physicians and ministers of the gospel, and the instruments of surgeons and dentists used in their professions: Provided, That the value of the personal property exemptions shall not exceed five hundred dollars.

(3) Upon debts contracted and causes of actions accrued since April the twentyfourth, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and prior to May first, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.-The property, real and personal, as set forth in article ten of the constitution of the State.

(4) Upon debts contracted or causes of action accruing since May first, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.-The property, real and personal, specified in subdivision three of this section, and the homestead of any resident of this State shall not be subject to the lien of any judgment or decree of any court, or to sale under execution or other process thereon, except such as may be rendered or issued to secure the payment of obligations contracted for the purchase of the said real estate, or for laborers' or mechanics' liens, for work done and performed for the claimant of said homestead, or for lawful taxes.

CHAPTER 27.-Conditional sale of personal property.

SEC. 1275. All conditional sales of personal property in which the title is retained by the bargainor, shall be reduced to writing and registered in the same manner, for the same fees and with the same legal effect as is provided for chattel mortgages.

CHAPTER 41.-Mechanics' liens.

SEC. 1781. Every building built, rebuilt, repaired or improved, together with the necessary lots on which said building may be situated, and every lot, farm or vessel, or any kind of property, real or personal, not herein enumerated, shall be subject to a lien for the payment of all debts contracted for work done on the same, or material furnished.

SEC. 1782. The lien for work on crops or farms or materials given by this chapter shall be preferred to every other lien or incumbrance, which attached upon the property subsequent to the time at which the work was commenced or the materials were furnished.

SEC. 1783. Any mechanic or artisan who shall make, alter or repair any article of personal property at the request of the owner or legal possessor of such property, shall have a lien on such property so made, altered or repaired for his just and reasonable charge for his work done and material furnished, and may hold and retain possession of the same until such just and reasonable charges shall be paid; and if not paid for within the space of thirty days, provided it does not exceed fifty dollars, if over fifty dollars, ninety days, after the work shall have been done, such mechanic or artisan may proceed to sell the property so made, altered or repaired at public auction, by giving two weeks' public notice of such sale by advertising in some newspaper in the county in which the work may have been done, or if there be no such newspaper, then by posting up notice of such sale in three of the most public places in the county, town or city in which the work may have been done, and the proceeds of the said sale shall be applied first to the discharge of the said lien and the expenses and costs of keeping and selling such property, and the remainder, if any, shall be paid over to the owner thereof.

SEC. 1784. All claims against personal property, of two hundred dollars and under, may be filed in the office of the nearest justice of the peace: if over two hundred dollars or against any real estate or interest therein, in the office of the superior court clerk in any county where the labor has been performed or the materials furnished; but all claims shall be filed in detail, specifying the materials furnished or labor performed, and the time thereof. If the parties interested make a special contract for such labor performed, or if such material and labor are specified in writing, in such cases it shall be decided agreeably to the terms of the contract, provided the terms of such contract do not affect the lien for such labor performed or materials furnished.

SEC. 1785. In case of any disagreement between the parties interested in any such contract it may be brought before the nearest justice of the peace by the plaintiff or defendant for arbitration or otherwise, as the said justice may decide, provided the amount claimed does not exceed two hundred dollars; if over that amount, all claims must be filed with the clerk of the superior court and entered on the calendar, so as to be brought before the court at the first term after the filing of any claims. The judges of the superior court may appoint referees to