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Eminent Men retire from Congress
Delegations of the States renewed
Striking Instance of State Jealousy
Washington requires an Oath of Allegiance to the United States
The Requisition denounced as improper
Its Propriety
Formation of a new Army
Embarrassments in the Formation of the Army
Persistence of the States in giving Extra Bounties
Bounty offered by Massachusetts .
Army greatly reduced
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105
106
107
108
110
111
Washington hindered in his Efforts to plan and carry out a Cam-
The Plan of a Confederacy submitted to the several Legislatures
Union of the People of the United States, as distinguished from a
Union of the States, learned by a bitter Experience.
122
First Stage in the Constitutional History of the Country
123
CHAPTER V.
NOVEMBER, 1777 MARCH, 1781.
ADOPTION OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. CESSIONS OF WEST-
-
ERN TERRITORY. FIRST POLITICAL UNION OF THE STATES.
Adoption of the Articles of Confederation
Causes which delayed the Adoption of the Confederation
Changes of the Members of Congress
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126
The present Congress compared with that of 1776
Objections made to the Articles of Confederation
Propositions for Amendments rejected .
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128
129
New York authorizes its Delegates in Congress to limit the West-
ern Boundaries of the State
Congress urges other States to surrender a Portion of their Claims
Generous Example of New Jersey
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135
Progress of the People of the United States towards a National
Character
139
Security against a Dissolution of the Confederacy
140
CHAPTER VI.
NATURE AND POWERS OF THE CONFEDERATION.
Nature of the Government established by the Confederation
Provisions in the Confederation for the States as separate Commu- nities.
Form of Government established by it
.
The Confederation a League for Mutual Defence and Protection
Powers of Congress with regard to the External Relations of the
Country
Powers of Congress with regard to Internal Affairs
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145
Committee of the States to sit in the Recess of Congress
Restrictions imposed upon Congress
No Provision for enforcing Measures adopted by Congress
The United States enter upon a New Era of Civil Polity
The Confederation demonstrates the Necessity for a more perfect
147
148
149
Union.
BOOK II.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES,
FROM THE ADOPTION OF THE ARTICLES OF CONFED-
ERATION, IN 1781, TO THE PEACE OF 1783.
Delay of the States in complying with the Requisitions of Congress
Washington addresses Letters to the States on the Subject of Fi-
155
156
Congress votes an Establishment of Half-Pay for the Officers
160
Impracticable Adherence to the Principles of Civil Liberty
Provision for the Officers found to be inadequate
161
162
Congress recommends to the States to make Provision for the Offi-
cers and Soldiers .
Pennsylvania places her Officers upon Half-Pay for Life
Congress pass a Resolve giving Half-Pay for Life to the Officers
Disappointment of the Officers
The Congress of the Confederation refuse to redeem the Pledge of
Anonymous Address circulated among the Officers at Newburgh
Washington forbids an Assemblage at the Call of an Anonymous
Paper
168
He appoints a Day to hear the Report of their Committee .
The Officers again refer their Claims to the Consideration of Congress
Half-Pay commuted to Five Years' Full Pay
Value of the Votes which fixed the Compensation of the Officers
169
170
CHAPTER II.
1781-1783.
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES OF THE CONFEDERATION.
DEBT. REVENUE SYSTEM OF 1783.
REVOLUTIONARY
Rhode Island refuses to grant to Congress the Power of Levying
Duties
174
Virginia repeals the Act by which she had granted this Power to
Congress
175
Another Plan for collecting Revenues recommended to the States
Strong Appeal to the People in Favor of it.
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177
Claims of the various Classes of the Public Creditors
Character of the United States involved
The Confederation a Government for Purposes of War
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179
181
Its Great Defects
The Moral Feelings an Unsafe Reliance for the Operations of Gov-
Wisdom of proposing a Scheme of Finance during the Continu-
Note on the Half-Pay for the Officers of the Revolution
190
Note on the Newburgh Addresses
194
CHAPTER III.
1781 - 1783.
OPINIONS AND EFFORTS OF WASHINGTON, AND OF HAMILTON.
CLINE OF THE CONFEDERATION.
Washington's Relations to the People of this Country
His Address to them on resigning his Office
His Views at the Close of the War.
Hamilton's Opinions .
His Advice and Suggestions
The Necessity for a Complete Sovereignty in Congress
Hamilton's Entry into Congress .
Nature of a Federal Constitution not understood
Hamilton urges the Necessity of vesting the Appointment of Col-
lectors of Revenue in the General Government
Ratio of Contribution by the States to the Treasury uncertain
Hamilton desires to change the Principle of the Confederation.
Advises General Taxes to be collected under Continental Authority
An Attempt to substitute Specific Taxes on Land and Houses
It is determined to adopt Population as the Basis of Contribution
Hamilton's Views on a Peace Establishment
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208
210
211
212
213
214
Committee to arrange the Details of such a System
215
An Army and Navy necessary
216
No Provision in the Articles of Confederation for their Maintenance
FROM THE PEACE OF 1783 TO THE FEDERAL CON-
VENTION OF 1787.
Dangers and Evils which existed during the Four Years after the
War
VOL. I.
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234