Of the last type of waters there exist several of marked medicinal value, but no complete analyses are available. The following three analyses made by the Government Laboratory for special purposes show some of the constituents of waters (A) from near Bued River, (B) from above Twin Peaks, and (C) from near Twin Peaks, all in Benguet Province:

There exists still a fourth class of waters, which it seems almost improper to call mineral. These are waters noticeable by the almost total absence of constituents, both mineral and organic, and whose value lies. in their great purity which fits them for use as table waters. Of this type no doubt many exist, but at this time only one can be given; it is from the Bued River spring in Benguet and has been analyzed by the Government Laboratory.

In conclusion, there being no good analysis of any of the springs at Los Baños available, it may be of interest to insert here the analysis made at the Government Laboratory of the deposit left on the stones at the outlet of these springs, which represents the deposit of the less soluble, therefore less active, medicinal constituents. The active soda and potash salts, to which these springs owe their main value, have been, of course, carried away, but the presence of more than 7 per cent of sodium sulphate is at least suggestive of the great amount which must be present in these waters to admit of this much being deposited.

The importance of enacting legislation, under the provisions of which it would be possible for prospectors, miners, and others to secure and perfect title to their discoveries, was early recognized by the Philippine Commission, and at its urgent request Congress enacted a law which was approved July 1, 1902, entitled "An act temporarily to provide for the administration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," which appears as Appendix G, page 405. Attention is invited to sections 20 to 62, inclusive, thereof, which include a comprehensive mining code. The system provided for by this act differs. from that in effect in most of the States of the Union in that under the Philippines Act the holder of a mineral claim, while entitled to all minerals which may lie within his claim, is not entitled to mine outside the boundary lines of his claim continued vertically downward. In most of the States the holder of a claim is limited in his operations to veins or lodes having their apex within his boundaries, but is entitled to follow the drift of such vein or lode to any depth, regardless of the fact that they pass outside his vertical side lines.

The Philippines act also provides that no person or corporation shall own more than one mineral claim on the same vein or lode. This provision has met with strenuous opposition and criticism on the part of practical miners and others. It is contended that no development work on a large scale can be undertaken or expected with simply one claim as a basis. This is also the view taken of the matter by the Philippine Commission, and the desirability of removing this restriction has been urged upon Congress.

Chapter IV.

CLIMATE AND HEALTH.

[Revised by Rev. Father José Algué, S. J.]

Variety of climate-Healthfulness-Smallpox-Vaccination-Cholera-Bubonic

plague-Leprosy-Leper colony-Other diseases-Health of the Army-Characteristic conditions of weather in Manila-Development and course of the storms and cyclones in the Archipelago-Care of health in the Tropics-Climate of high table-lands-Temperature of Benguet-Humidity of the atmosphereImproved tropical sanitation.

Almost any general statement concerning the climate and health conditions of the Philippines is untrue, as the Islands extend from a point 325 miles north of the equator to almost 1,500 miles from that parallel. The southern extremity of the Archipelago is in nearly the same latitude as Singapore, while the northern part is as far from the equator as Calcutta in India or Santa Clara, Cuba. While lying wholly within the torrid zone, it is only Joló and Minadano that have an equatorial climate, while Luzón, reaching almost to the Tropic of Cancer, has a tropical climate. Altitude also exerts a greater influence on temperature than latitude, and while the cities and towns on tide water suffer from the debilitating influence of heat and humidity, the highlands of the interior enjoy a clear, cool, bracing climate.

The climate of the Philippines as a whole is tropical. It is the recorded opinion of the Philippine Commission that no tropical islands in the world enjoy a better climate than do the Philippines.

To speak more in detail, the following abstract of a work recently published by the Manila Observatory will give an idea of the most important features of the weather in Manila and of the development and course of the storms and cyclones in the Archipelago:

CHARACTERISTIC CONDITIONS OF WEATHER IN MANILA FOR EACH OF THE TWELVE MONTHS OF THE YEAR.

JANUARY.

Atmospheric pressure and perturbations corresponding to the month of January. The normal barometric pressure of January, as deduced from 1883 to 1898, is 761.27 mm. (29.97 inches). The atmospheric perturbations of January are of very little importance for Luzon, though not so with regard to the Marianne and Caroline Islands, and the large island of Mindanao. These January disturbances originate, nearly all of them, in the Pacific Ocean, and their general path is