Zanzibar; (2) Native law and custom, so far as it is not repugnant to justice or morality, among the other natives in the Protectorate. All natives are also subject to any Acts and Ordinances specifically applied to them; (3) Persons other than natives are subject to applied Indian Acts, local Ordinances and Regulations, or, where these are inapplicable, English Common and Statute law (sic, but as to statute law there must be many unexpressed exceptions).

Some interesting notes on native laws and customs are given in the Appendix. The customs vary in different tribes, but Mr. Hamilton states that the fundamental ideas are that individual members of a family form the wealth and strength of the united family; that females cannot inherit or dispose of property, and that they can be bought and sold in marriage, assigned in payment of debt and owned and inherited by their male relations. In one of the Bantu tribes a man may not marry his aunt, she is consequently pensioned off with one cow.' Mr. Hamilton observes that 'the idea common to civilized nations of a crime such as murder being an offence against society and of such fictions as the "King's Peace" has no place in the native mind.' We look on generalities of this kind with anything but confidence. We do not know that there is any such thing as 'the native mind,' and we do know that in the countries we are at all acquainted with men's minds differ very widely in the same city and the same home. Likewise we know that the king's peace was anything but a fiction in the Middle Ages. Whose peace does Mr. Hamilton suppose it to be now? and does he think there are forty-six different and distinct fictions in the American Union and the several States? He would probably understand the native mind' better if he knew more of what men thought and did in Europe in times before our own. The existence of a system of composition for wrongs of violence is in itself, of course, consistent with fines or other penalties being exigible by the public authority. In fact such fines are mentioned by Mr. Hamilton. Some curious forms of oath are reported. Oath is more commonly decisory than not, as we should expect.

A Treatise on the Law concerning Names and changes of Name. By ARTHUR CHARLES FOX-DAVIES and P. W. P. CARLOM BRITTON. London: Elliot Stock. 1906. 8vo. 118 pp.--There is really very little English law, in any exact or practical sense, about the use of proper names, except so far as the fraudulent use of a name in trade may be restrained, and this last topic is barely mentioned in the book before us. This being so, it is odd that the authors have overlooked the possibility of changing a name of baptism at confirmation. Probably the practice is obsolete and was never common; but still the statement that short of an Act of Parliament the law knows no way in which a Christian name can be changed is directly contrary to Coke's authority (see Co. Litt. 3 a) and to the judicial example vouched by him. As for the knowledge of the French tongue which has produced such a complication of solecisms as nommes des plumes (p. 55; nom de plume is not French, to begin with), we hope in charity that it belongs not to the authors but to some exceptionally careless transcriber, or to some one in the unnamed printer's office. The suggestion that a man has a quasi estate of inheritance in his surname appears to us, to say the least, adventurous. We have always believed the strict law to be that the Christian name is everything (but in fact no one can be compelled to use it) and the surname nothing (but in fact it is usual and desirable to have a permanent one).

Principles of the Law of Personal Property. By the late JOSHUA WILLIAMS. Sixteenth Edition. By T. CYPRIAN WILLIAMS. London : Sweet & Maxwell, Lim. 1906. 8vo. xcii and 656 pp.-There is no need for critical examination of a standard work which has reached its sixteenth edition in the hands of a specially well qualified editor. We wish, however, to express our full concurrence in Mr. Cyprian Williams's strictures in the preface on the piecemeal and inartificial legislation which has added, and almost every year continues to add, mischievous perplexity to the law which competent legislators ought to simplify. It is not at all too much to say that the existing law of married women's property and contract ought to be entirely recast on scientific legal principles.' Whether we think the actual decision right or not, it is no credit to the law that the House of Lords should be equally divided on the operation of the latest Married Women's Property Act in a matter of everyday business: Paquin v. Beauclerk [1906] A. C. 148. It will be observed that the Marine Insurance Act, 1906, could not be noticed, having been passed after the book was published.

A Glossary of Ancient Words, mostly in connection with fines and mulcts. Also with services and tributes. . . Also concerning punishments. . . . Compiled by ARTHUR BETTS. London: Stevens & Sons, Lim. 4to. vii and 86 pp. (108. 6d.) [Contains Abbadia-Azenaria.]—This appears to be the first part or a specimen part of a projected extensive book. The plan is not to give the writer's own explanation of the words, but to collect explanations given in the various works he has consulted. This design is in itself laudable, but the execution would be improved if the author were less content to use antiquated works of reference and obsolete editions and commentaries, and would be more astute to avoid repetition of unauthentic matter. He may have left the Oxford English Dictionary aside for the same reason that he has not included Coke upon Littleton in his extracts, that it is 'easy of access to all.' But it really will not do to neglect it in dealing with such words as 'affeer,' 'amerce,' 'average.' Again it is not very prudent to confine oneself to an eighteenthcentury edition of Du Cange. Kelham's 'Domesday Book Illustrated' is long since superseded-has Mr. Betts never heard of Maitland or of Mr. Round?-and the man who now meddles with Anglo-Saxon laws not having Prof. Liebermann's critical edition at his elbow does so wholly at his own peril. Bad guesses do not improve in bottle, though some people seem to think so. We fear that Mr. Betts is in some danger of wasting a great deal of labour; we hope it may not be too late for him to make his work of real use to scholars.

Commerce in War. By L. A. ATHERLEY-JONES, K.C., assisted by HUGH H. L. BELLOT. London: Methuen & Co. 8vo. xxii and 654 pp. (218. net.)—The purpose of this book is to give a full statement of the international law which governs the personal relations of the subjects of neutral and belligerent States. The matters it deals with are thus: contraband, blockade, continuous voyages, carriage of property at sea, visit and search and capture and its consequences.

Evidence of careful and diligent work is shown on every page of the book. There are nevertheless some little slips, such as Bynhershoek ' instead of Bynkershoek (p. 95), 'Parlamente Belge' instead of Parlement Belge (in the index). These, however, are mere trifles. A more important

matter is that we think long quotations in Latin, as at pp. 15, 17, 94, and 95, ought to have been translated, if they are to be of any use to the shipowners, shippers, and Consuls, for whom, to some extent, the preface states the book is written. Even the numerous passages in French might, with advantage, have been translated. Still, the book is so full of facts, verbatim extracts and material of all kinds, that it will be a valuable addition to every library of international law.

International Law as interpreted during the Russo-Japanese War. By F. E. SMITH and N. W. SIBLEY. Second Edition. London: T. Fisher

Unwin and William Clowes & Sons, Lim. 1907. 8vo. xii and 541 pp. (258.)-The first edition of this book was reviewed here when it came out in 1905. It has now been followed by a second edition, which is a distinct improvement on the first, in containing a large addition of matter of a more permanent character and less of merely transient interest. It may be said of the book, without exaggeration, that it is a most valuable storehouse of facts and references, and that the authors have kept close track of passing events and current literature. We still observe some of the verbal inaccuracies which we pointed out in our notice of the first edition. One which we would specially mention is that the name of Professor Ariga is still spelt Uriga.

A Short Account of the Land Revenue and its Administration in British India: with a Sketch of the Land Tenures. By B. H. BADEN-POWELL. Second Edition, revised by T. W. HOLDERNESS. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press; London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, New York, and Toronto: Henry Frowde. 8vo. viii and 262 pp. Price 58. net ($1.75).-The late Mr. Baden-Powell's work was reviewed here in its original fuller form by Sir Alfred Lyall (L. Q. R. ix. 23). This edition of the smaller handbook has been brought down to date so as to account for recent legislative and administrative changes, and will no doubt be as useful and valuable as the first has been.

:

The Government of India, being a digest of the Statute Law relating thereto, with historical introduction and explanatory matter. By Sir COURTENAY ILBERT, K.C.S.I. Second Edition. Oxford at the Clarendon Press; London, &c.: Henry Frowde, also sold by Stevens & Sons, Lim. 1907. 8vo. xxxii and 408 pp. (108. 6d. net.)-In the second edition of this most useful and all but authoritative book the only conspicuous change is the omission of a certain number of documents of which reprints are now to be found elsewhere. The reader will find, however, that it is duly posted up with recent authorities and illustrations.

Ninth Edition.

Summary Jurisdiction Procedure. By C. G. DOUGLAS. London: Butterworth & Co., and Shaw & Sons. 1907. Demy 8vo. xxxviii, 516 and 63 pp.-It will be sufficient merely to note the appearance of the ninth edition of this work, originally known as Glen's Summary Jurisdiction Acts, under the charge, as before, of the Clerk at the Mansion House. The book seems to have been edited on the whole as so well-known a work deserves, but we do not feel sure that the cases have always been brought fully up to date; for instance, we find no reference to Rust v. St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, Churchwardens (1906) 94 L. T. 575; Cholerton v. Copping (1906) 70 J. P. 484, or R. v. Part. (1906) 70 J. P. 398.

Leading Cases on Van der Linden. By E. P. DELANY and E. CHAS. F. HUTTON. Grahamstown: African Book Company, Lim. 1906. 8vo. xxxiv and 226 pp. We hope the authors' knowledge of Roman-Dutch law (including the Latin texts) is better than their knowledge of classical Roman poetry. A hackneyed quotation from Horace, we must 'candidly impart ' to them, is inexcusably mangled in their preface. Si quid his melius nosti' is not what Horace wrote, or what any one could have written in hexameter verse. English practitioners would think the statement of the cases too meagre to be of much use, but we do not know how it may be in the Transvaal.

The Outlook in Ireland: the Case for Devolution and Conciliation. By the EARL OF DUNRAVEN. Dublin: Hodges Figgis & Co., Lim.; London : Murray. 1907. 8vo. 295 pp. (78. 6d. net.)-The only part of this book within our scope is the chapter entitled 'Models of devolution in the British Empire.' The term is rather loosely used, for the devolution contemplated by Lord Dunraven's scheme is widely different from the complete self-government of the Dominion of Canada and the Commonwealth of Australia. Lord Dunraven is, on the other hand, quite right in calling attention to the covenanted autonomy, within limits, of the Province of Quebec. Some persons have thought that the position of Ulster in Ireland is not unlike that of the Province of Quebec in Canada, and that a system of guarded provincial franchises might at one time have been the most equitable way of reconciling the particular interests of Ulster with a general extension of self-government in Ireland. Mr. Gladstone, however, framed his Home Rule plan on the analogy of a homogeneous self-governing colony such as New Zealand. The reasons of its failure, and the merits of Lord Dunraven's alternative, are matter not of law but of policy, and we cannot dwell upon them here.

Encyclopaedia of the Laws of England, with Forms and Precedents. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. Vol. III, Charter-Party to Coroner. Edited by A. WOOD RENTON, Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Ceylon, and MAX. A. ROBERTSON. London: Sweet & Maxwell, Lim.; Edinburgh: Wm. Green & Sons. 1907. La. 8vo. vii and 708 pp.-Among the more important subjects dealt with in this volume are Charter-Party and Collisions at Sea, by Mr. Justice Phillimore and Mr. G. G. Phillimore; Company (including forty pages of Forms), by Mr. E. Manson; Contracts, by Sir F. Pollock; Copyhold, by Mr. Archibald Brown and Mr. C. Johnston Edwards; and Copyright (with nearly thirty pages of Forms) by His Honour Judge Shortt and Mr. Alexander Pulling.

Commercial Law. By ALFRED NIXON and ROBERT W. HOLLAND. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1907. 8vo. xi and 310 pp.-An elementary handbook for commercial rather than legal students. On a cursory examination it appears to be generally sound as far as it goes. But why should such students be troubled by hearing of nudum pactum and quid pro quo ? Both terms are all but obsolete in modern usage; neither can be accurately explained without going far deeper than this book professes to go.

Su la teoria del contratto sociale. Da GIORGIO DEL VECCHIO. Bologna, 1906. La. 8vo. 118 pp.--A careful study of Rousseau's political system in comparison with those of Grotius, Hobbes, and Locke. Professor del

Vecchio vindicates Rousseau against the charge of leaving no rights to the individual except as a kind of re-grant from the State.

Stone's Justices' Manual, 1907. Thirty-ninth Edition. Edited by J. R. ROBERTS. London: Shaw & Sons; Butterworth & Co. 1907. 8vo. cxlvii and 1,312 pp. (258.)-Stone's Justices' Manual, after a life of nearly forty years, has come to be the White Book' of magisterial practice—although its colour happens to be blue. This edition includes notes of twenty-two new Acts and some one hundred and fifty new cases, the more important being on points of Licensing law.

The Principles of the Interpretation of Wills and Settlements. By ARTHUR UNDERHILL and J. ANDREW STRAHAN. Second Edition. London: Butterworth & Co. 1906. 8vo. liv, 378 and 48 (index) pp. (158.)—This edition of Messrs. Underhill and Strahan's work confirms the good impression we formed of the first edition published some seven years ago; see L. Q. R. xvi. 310. The present edition has been enlarged by 120 pages, and the authorities cited are duly brought down to date.

Essai d'un projet de Charte Coloniale. Par H. SPEYER. Liége, 1907. 8vo. 40 pp.-A draft ordinance for the better government of the Congo State. The author has already shown his competence in the matter of colonial institutions.

The English Patents of Monopoly. By WILLIAM HYDE PRICE. Harvard Economic Studies I. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1906. 8vo. x and 261 pp. ($1.50 net.)-Review will follow.

The Revised Reports. Edited by Sir F. POLLOCK, assisted by O. A. SAUNDERS, J. G. PEASE, and A. B. CANE. Vol. LXXXVIII, 1850-52 (3 H. L. C.; 13 Beavan; 18 Q. B.; 3 Car. & K.). London: Sweet & Maxwell, Lim.; Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown & Co. 1907. La. 8vo. xii and 846 pp.

The Local Government Act, 1894, and the subsequent Statutes affecting Parish Councils. Fourth Edition. By ALEX. MACMORRAN, K. C., and T. R. COLQUHOUN DILL. London: Butterworth & Co.; Shaw & Sons. 1907. La. 8vo. xxviii, 540 and 86 (index) pp. (228. 6d. net.)

Paterson's Licensing Acts, with Forms. Eighteenth Edition. By WILLIAM W. MACKENZIE. London: Butterworth & Co.; Shaw & Sons. 1907. lxxxi, 794 and 120 (index) pp. (158. net.)

The Principles of Indian Criminal Law and Introduction to the Study of the Penal Code. By ERIC R. WATSON. London: Sweet & Maxwell, Lim.; Calcutta R. Cambray & Co. : 1907. 8vo. xix and 193 pp.

By E. C. FARRAN.

The Game Laws of Ireland.
Ponsonby. 1907. 8vo. xxiii and 186 pp.

Dublin: Edward

Orkney and Shetland Records. Collected and edited by ALFRED W. JOHNSTON, AMY JOHNSTON, and JóN STEFÁNSSON. With Translations and Notes by JóN STEFÁNSSON. Vol. I. Part I. London Printed for the Viking Club. 1907. 8vo.

40 pp.