SEC. 12. When a person, who is a member of the Table of Magnates by virtue of sec. 4, clause A or clause B, paragraphs a) and b), or of sec. 5, is elected a representative and accepts such election, he shall cease to be a member of the Table of Magnates; but as soon as the office of a representative is ended, those mentioned in sec. 4, clause B, paragraphs a) and b), shall at once regain their membership in the Table of Magnates and may exercise it in the next session. The other members of the Table of Magnates mentioned in this paragraph may recover their membership in accordance with secs. 4 and 5. Should the ecclesiastical and lay dignitaries mentioned in sec. 4, clause B, paragraph c), be elected as representatives and accept such election, the senior one of their colleagues who is not already a member of the Upper House shall take the place and hold it, while he lives and fills the office, even though the person, whose place he occupies, ceases to be a representative. Should a hereditary member of the Table of Magnates be elected a representative and accept such election, he shall not exercise his rights of membership in the Table of Magnates during the term of his office as representative, and should he resign the office of representative during the course of a session, his membership in the Table of Magnates does not revive until the following session. Every member of the Table of Magnates who is elected a representative is bound, after the verification of his election, to inform the president of the Table of Magnates whether or not he has accepted such election; the president shall bring this information to the knowledge of the House. LAW 5 OF 1848 CONCERNING THE ELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVES ON THE PRINCIPLE OF THE REPRESENTATIVE SYSTEM SECTION 5. The House of Representatives shall consist of 453 members who shall enjoy equal voting power, and who shall be elected in accordance with the apportionment made on the basis of population, territory, and economic conditions.1 The Diet of the kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia shall elect 40 representatives.2 LAW 33 OF 1874 CONCERNING THE MODIFICATION CHAPTER I. QUALIFICATIONS OF VOTERS' SECTION I. With the exception of females, the right to vote in the election of representatives may be exercised by all native or naturalized citizens who have attained the age of twenty years, and who possess the qualifications mentioned in secs. I and 2 of Law 5 of 1848, and in secs. 3 and 4 of the Transylvanian Law 2 of 1848, and more particularly specified in the subsequent sections. SEC. 2. In future the right to vote may no longer be exercised upon the basis of the privileges existing before the 1 As amended to 1881. The remainder of this law has been repealed. Law 24 of 1901 provides that a member of the House of Representatives shall not occupy any office or accept any position which is dependent upon the nomination or appointment of the crown, the government or the organs of government, and which carries with it a salary or compensation. From this rule are excepted the royal Hungarian ministers, undersecretaries of state, and occupants of some other less important positions. . "The Croatian members sit in the Hungarian Diet only for the consideration of matters common to Hungary and Croatia; these matters are principally finance, defense, and the monetary system; in other matters the Croatian Diet legislates independently. 1 1 Only the first thirteen sections of this law are here given; the other sections (14-121) relate to proof of qualifications and to electoral procedure. For several years a vigorous agitation has been in progress in favor of the establishment of universal suffrage in Hungary; the agitation is likely to result in an alteration of the qualifications of voters. Any change is retarded by the fact that the Magyars, who now control the Hungarian Diet, could not retain a majority of its membership under universal suffrage. In the face of growing agitation, however, the Hungarian ministry promised, in the latter part of 1907, to bring in a franchise reform bill in the near future. year 1848; however, those who were registered upon such basis in one of the lists of voters for representatives prepared between 1848 and 1872 inclusive, in conformity with Law 5 of 1848 and the Transylvanian Law 2 of 1848, shall personally remain in the exercise of this right. SEC. 3. In the royal free cities and in cities with an organized administration the right to vote shall belong to those who possess alone or jointly with their wives and minor children: a) a house which, even if temporarily exempt from taxation, consists of at least three different parts, subject to the household tax; or b) land which is assessed on the basis of a net income of 16 florins. SEC. 4. In those sections of the country in which Law 5 of 1848 is effective the right to vote shall belong to those who in the larger or smaller communes possess one-fourth of an urbarial share or other land of an equal area either alone or jointly with their wives and minor children, it being immaterial in whose name this property is registered. Lands upon which the tax imposed is equal to that of the most lightly taxed one-fourth urbarial share in the same commune shall be regarded as equal in size to one-fourth of an urbarial share. In case the urbarial system does not exist in a given commune, the most lightly taxed one-fourth urbarial share of any neighboring commune resembling the given commune most nearly in land values, shall be taken as the standard. In those parts of the provincialized military border which have been incorporated in the counties of Bács-Bodrogh, Temes, Torontal, and Krasso, and in the county of Szoerény, "The urbarial system is a remnant of the older land tenures; it refers to lands released by the lords, and cultivated by the peasants on their own account; the area of the urbarial share varies for different parts of the country. ten joch of cultivated land, each of 3,200 square yards, shall be equal to one-fourth of an urbarial share; in the counties of Middle Szolnok, Kraszna, and Zarand, in the Koevár district, in Jazygia and Cumania eight joch of 2,400 square yards shall equal one-fourth of an urbarial share. Bottom land, gardens, vineyards, arable land, and meadows shall be regarded as cultivated ground. SEC. 5. In those parts of the country in which the Transylvanian Law 2 of 1848 is in force, the right to vote may be exercised by those who in the larger or smaller communes: a) pay land taxes according to the present land-tax valuation on a net income of 84 florins, but if they own a house belonging in the first class of taxable property, on an income of 79 florins, 80 kreuzer, and if the house be rated in the second or a higher class, on an income of 72 florins, 80 kreuzer. In case of the correction of the present valuation or of the adoption of a new valuation, the above-mentioned amounts of income shall be changed to agree with the change in ratio between the present assessments of apparent total net income from land in the Transylvanian districts, and those of the altered valuation. b) or pay the public tax on a net annual income of not less than 105 florins, subject either to the land or house tax, or to the income tax of the first or third class. In addition to those qualified in accordance with Law 12 of 1791, every commune which has at least one hundred homesteads may also take part in the election of representatives through two informally chosen electors, smaller communes, however, having one elector. SEC. 6. The right to vote shall belong also to those: a) who possess a house, either alone or jointly with their wives and minor children, in the manner provided by sec. 4, upon which the house tax has been assessed on an annual income of not less than 105 florins. b) who pay the public land tax mentioned under a), or a tax on capital or on both land and capital, upon a net annual income of not less than 105 florins. c) who as merchants or manufacturers are taxed upon an annual income of not less than 105 florins. d) who in the royal free cities or in cities with an organized administration are taxed as artisans upon an annual income of not less than 105 florins. e) who in the larger or smaller communes pay the income tax for not less than one employee. SEC. 7. The right to vote shall belong also to those who pay the income tax on an annual income of not less than 105 florins, which according to Law 26 of 1868 is rated in the first class; or who pay this tax on an annual income of not less than 700 florins under the provisions of the second class; moreover, those state, municipal, and communal officers may vote who pay the income tax on an annual income of not less than 500 florins under the provisions of the second class. SEC. 8. In cases covered by secs. 6 and 7 it is required that electors to be entered on the voting lists, in accordance with the provisions there mentioned, must have already been taxed in the preceding year upon an income not less than that fixed above. SEC. 9. Without regard to income, the following may vote in the electoral districts in which they have their fixed residence: The members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, professors, members of academies of fine arts, physicians, lawyers, notaries public, engineers, surgeons, druggists, graduates of agricultural schools, foresters and mining engineers, clergymen, chaplains, communal notaries, teachers and licensed kindergarten teachers. It is required, however, that pastors and chaplains in order to exercise the right to vote shall actively officiate as such in some officially established congregation. Professors, school teachers, kindergarten teachers, and communal notaries, on the other hand, shall have the right to |