obtaining the consent of the house to which he belongs; this article shall not be applicable to cases in which the appointment is merely a promotion.

ART. 65. No member of the religious orders shall be a member of Congress, nor shall any provincial governor represent his province during his term of office.

ART. 66. The remuneration of the services of senators and deputies shall be fixed by law and paid out of the funds of the national treasury.

CHAPTER IV. POWERS OF CONGRESS

ART. 67. Congress shall have power:

1) To legislate in regard to custom-houses, and to establish import duties, which, as well as the rates of appraisement on which they are based, shall be uniform throughout the nation; it being thoroughly understood, however, that these duties and all other taxes of a national character are payable in the currency of the respective provinces in their exact equivalent value; and likewise to establish export duties.5

2) To levy direct taxes for a definite period of time and in a manner proportionately equal throughout the territory of the nation, whenever the defense of the country, the common safety, or the public good may require it.

3) To borrow money on the credit of the nation.

4) To provide for the use and disposition of the national lands.

5) To establish and organize at the capital a national bank, with branches in the provinces, with power to issue bank notes.

6) To make arrangements for the payment of the national debt, both foreign and domestic.

7) To appropriate annually the money necessary to meet the expenses of the national government, and to approve or disapprove the accounts of its disbursement.

As originally worded this article forbade the imposition of export taxes after 1866. It was amended September 12, 1866.

8) To grant subsidies, to be paid out of the national treasury, to those provinces whose revenues, according to their budgets, are insufficient to meet their ordinary expenses.

9) To regulate the free navigation of the rivers in the interior, to declare as ports of entry those which may be deemed fit for that purpose, and to establish or abolish customhouses; but the custom-houses for foreign commerce, existing in each province at the time of its coming into the national union, shall not be abolished.

10) To coin money, fix the value thereof, and that of foreign coins, and to adopt a uniform system of weights and measures for the whole nation.

II) To enact civil, commercial, penal, and mining codes, without encroaching upon the local jurisdictions, the provisions of such codes to be enforced either by the federal or provincial courts, according as the matters or persons may fall under their respective jurisdictions; and especially to enact general laws on naturalization and citizenship, for the whole nation, based upon the principle of citizenship by nativity; as well as laws on bankruptcy, counterfeiting of money and forging of public documents of the state, and on the establishment of trial by jury.

12) To regulate commerce by land and sea with foreign countries, and among the provinces.

13) To establish and regulate the post-offices and postroads of the nation.

14) To settle finally the national boundaries, to fix those of the provinces, to create new provinces, and to provide by special laws for the organization, administration, and government of the national territories which may be left outside the limits assigned to the provinces.

15) To provide for the security of the frontiers and for the preservation of peaceful intercourse with the Indians, and to promote their conversion to Catholicism.

16) To provide for all that conduces to the prosperity of

the country, to the advancement and welfare of all the provinces, and to the advancement of the enlightenment of the people, by prescribing plans for general and university instruction and by promoting industrial enterprise, immigration, the construction of railways and navigable canals, the colonization of the public lands, the introduction and establishment of new industries, the importation of foreign capital, and the exploration of the interior rivers, by protective laws for these purposes, by concessions of privileges for a limited time, and by rewards which shall act as an encouragement.

17) To establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court of Justice; to create and abolish offices, and to fix the duties of the same; to grant pensions, decree honors, and to grant general amnesties.

18) To accept, or refuse to accept, the reasons assigned for the resignation of the President or Vice-President of the republic; to declare that the time has arrived to proceed to a new election, to count the returns thereof, and to ascertain the result.

19) To approve or reject treaties concluded with other nations, and concordats entered into with the Apostolic See, and to make rules for the exercise of ecclesiastical patronage throughout the nation.

20) To admit into the territory of the nation religious orders in addition to those now existing.

21) To authorize the executive power to declare war or to make peace.

22) To grant letters of marque and of reprisal and to make rules concerning prizes.

23) To fix the strength of the land and naval forces in times of peace and of war, and to make rules and ordinances for the government of such forces.

24) To authorize the calling out of the militia of any or all of the provinces, whenever the execution of the laws of the nation, the suppression of insurrections, or the repelling

of invasions may render it necessary; to provide for the organization, equipment, and discipline of such militia, and for the administration and government of the part thereof which may be employed in the service of the nation, leaving to the provinces the power to appoint the proper chiefs and officers of their respective militias, and to enforce in regard to them the discipline established by Congress.

25) To permit the introduction of foreign troops into the territory of the nation, and the departure therefrom of the national troops.

26) To proclaim a state of siege in one or more places in the nation in case of internal disorder, and to approve or suspend the state of siege declared during the recess of Congress by the executive power.

27) To exercise exclusive legislative power throughout the territory of the national capital, and in all other places acquired by purchase or cession in any province for the construction of forts, arsenals, magazines, or other establishments of national utility.

28) To make all laws and regulations which shall be necessary for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the Argentine Nation.

CHAPTER V. ENACTMENT AND APPROVAL OF LAWS

ART. 68. Laws may originate in either house of Congress, by means of bills introduced by the members thereof or by the Executive; except, however, those relating to the subjects mentioned in Art. 44.

ART. 69. When a bill has been passed in the house where it originated, it shall be sent to the other house for discussion. Having been passed by both houses, it shall be sent to the Executive of the nation for examination, who, if he approve it, shall promulgate it as law.

ART. 70. Bills not returned by the Executive within ten working days shall be considered approved.

ART. 71. No bill wholly rejected in one house shall be introduced again during the sessions of the same year. But if it be merely added to or amended by the house to which it was sent for examination, it shall be returned to the house in which it originated; and if the additions or amendments be adopted there by an absolute majority, it shall be sent to the Executive of the nation. If the additions or amendments be rejected, the bill shall be again referred to the house where they were made, and if they be again approved there by a majority of two-thirds of the members thereof, the bill shall be again referred to the other house, where such additions or amendments shall not be deemed rejected unless the rejection is made by a majority of two-thirds of the members present.

ART. 72. A bill rejected, either wholly or in part, by the Executive, shall be returned with his objections to the house in which it originated, where it shall be discussed a second time, and if passed by a two-thirds' majority, shall be again referred to the other house for examination. If the bill pass both houses by the aforesaid majority, it shall become a law and shall go to the Executive for promulgation. The votes in both houses in this case shall be by yeas and nays, and the names of the members who took part in the vote, as well as the grounds upon which they founded their votes, and the objections of the Executive, shall be immediately published by the press. If the houses disagree in regard to the objections, the bill shall not be reconsidered in any session of the same year.

ART. 73. The enacting clause of the laws shall be as follows: "The Senate and the House of Deputies of the Argentine Nation, in Congress assembled, etc., decree or sanction as law:"