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1. The parliament of Canada may, from time to time, make provision for the representation in the senate and house of commons of Canada, or in either of them, of any territories which for the time being form part of the Dominion of Canada, but are not included in any province thereof.

2. Any act passed by the parliament of Canada before the passing of this act for the purpose mentioned in this act shall, if not disallowed by the queen, be, and shall be deemed to have been, valid and effectual from the date at which it received the assent, in her majesty's name, of the governorgeneral of Canada.

It is hereby declared that any act passed by the parliament of Canada, whether before or after the passing of this act, for the purpose mentioned in this act, or in the British North America Act, 1871, has effect, notwithstanding anything in the British North America Act, 1867, and the number of senators or the number of members of the house of commons specified in the last mentioned act is increased by the number of senators or of members, as the case may be, provided by any such act of the parliament of Canada, for the representation of any provinces or territories of Canada.

3. This act may be cited as the British North America Act, 1886.

This act and the British North America Act, 1867, and the British North America Act, 1871, shall be construed together, and may be cited together as the British North America Acts, 1867 to 1886.

CHILE

The Chilean revolutionary movement began in 1810. The first Chilean Congress adopted a temporary organization of government on August 14, 1811; a provisional constitution of 1812 recognized Ferdinand VII of Spain as king, but required that he accept the constitution of Chile. From 1812 to 1825 there were not less than four constitutions; the last of these, that of December 29, 1823, was abrogated in 1825 and for the three succeeding years the country was governed without a written constitution. In 1826 the legislature declared in favor of the establishment of a federal republic; a proposed federal constitution was drawn up, but received no further consideration.

A constitutional convention met on February 28, 1828, and a constitution was adopted on August 8 of the same year. This constitution was so liberal as to displease many of the people of the country. Civil war ensued in which the conservative party was successful. Another constitutional convention was assembled, and a new constitution was adopted on May 25, 1833.

The constitution of 1833 remained unchanged until 1871. From 1833 to 1861 the government was republican only in name, and was actually under the complete control of the president. After 1861 the people were permitted to enjoy a greater degree of political liberty.

From 1871 to 1893 the constitution was nine times amended; practically one-third of its articles were changed during this time, and almost all amendments were in the direction of liberalizing the national institutions. Executive usurpation was one of the dangers sought to be guarded against. By an amendment of August 8, 1871, the president was made ineligible to succeed himself. During the Balmaceda usurpation the Executive Committee (Comision Conservadora) proved too weak to restrain the president, and by amendment of December 12, 1891, it was given. the additional power to summon the Congress in extraordinary session.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHILE. Recopilación de leyes constitucionales y administrativas vigentes
en 18 de Setiembre de 1893. Por Eduardo Orrego Ovalle y Ricardo
Anguita Acuña. (Santiago de Chile, Imprenta Nacional, 1893.)
CHILE. Constitución política y lei de elecciones.

Imprenta Nacional, 1903.)

(Santiago de Chile,

LASTARRIA, J. V. Elementos de derecho publico. Segunda parte: La constitución política de la republica de Chile comentada. (2d ed., Ghent, 1865.)

Huneeus, JorGE. Obras. (Santiago de Chile, 1891, 3 vols. Vols. 1 and 2, 2d ed.) The first two volumes of these works are devoted to an extensive commentary on the Chilean constitution, entitled La Constitución ante el Congreso; Vol. III is entitled Estudios sobre derecho constitucional comparado, but is principally a study of the Chilean constitution.

RIVERA, J. DOMINGO AMUNÁTEGUI. Resúmen de derecho administrativo aplicado a la lejislacion de Chile. (Montevideo, 1900.)

CONSTITUTION OF CHILE1
(May 25, 1833)

Whereas the Grand Convention has sanctioned and decreed the following reform of the political constitution of Chile promulgated in 1828, which the National Congress has attested, in the following terms:

In the name of God, the omnipotent creator and supreme legislator of the universe:

The Grand Convention of Chile called by the law of October 1, 1831, to reform and amend the political constitution of the nation, promulgated August 8, 1828, after having examined that constitution and adopted those of its institutions thought advisable for the prosperity and good government of the state, and after having modified and suppressed others and added those provisions which were also considered suitable to promote so important an end, decrees that all the

In the preparation of this text assistance has been received from the translation issued in 1899 by Mr. C. W. Tooke.

provisions contained therein are repealed, and that the following is the only political constitution of the Republic of Chile:

CHAPTER I. THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT

ARTICLE I. The government of Chile is popular and representative.

ART. 2. The Republic of Chile is one and indivisible.

ART. 3. Sovereignty resides essentially in the nation, which delegates its exercise to the authorities established by this constitution.

CHAPTER II. RELIGION

ART. 4. The religion of the Republic of Chile is the apostolic Roman Catholic, to the exclusion of the public exercise of any other.2

CHAPTER III. CHILEANS

ART. 5. The following are Chileans:

1) Those born within the territory of Chile.

2) The children of a Chilean father or mother, born in foreign territory, by the mere fact of their becoming domiciled in Chile. The children of Chileans born in foreign territory while the father is in the actual service of the Republic are Chileans for all purposes for which the fundamental laws or other laws require birth in Chilean territory.

3) Foreigners who, after one year's residence in the Republic, declare their desire to settle in Chile, before the municipal authorities of the district in which they reside, and apply for naturalization papers.

4) Those who obtain from Congress a special grant of naturalization.

ART. 6. The municipality of the department in which foreign-born persons reside shall declare whether or not such persons are entitled to naturalization in accordance with clause

2 By law of July 27, 1865, persons not of the Catholic faith may worship in private, and may maintain private schools for the instruction of their children.

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