intendants. They may be removed by the intendants, with the approval of the President of the Republic.

ART. IIO. The intendant of the province shall also be governor of the department in the capital of which he resides.

THE SUBDELEGATES

ART. III. The subdelegations shall each be governed by a subdelegate, subordinate to the governor of the department and appointed by him. The subdelegates shall continue in office for two years, but may be removed by the governor, who shall give an account to the intendant of his reasons for such action; the subdelegates may be reappointed indefinitely.

THE INSPECTORS

ART. 112. The district shall be governed by an inspector, under the direction of the subdelegate who appoints and removes him, stating his reasons therefor to the governor.

THE MUNICIPALITIES

ART. 113. There shall be a municipality in each capital of a department and in other centers of population in which the President of the Republic, after consulting the Council of State, may think proper to establish one.

ART. 114. The municipality shall be composed of the the number of magistrates and aldermen provided by law with reference to the population of the department or of the territory included within such municipality.

ART. 115. The election of aldermen shall be by direct popular vote, in the manner provided by the law of elections. Their term of office shall be three years.

ART. 116. The manner of electing magistrates and the length of their term shall be determined by law.

ART. 117. The qualifications required of magistrates and aldermen shall be:

1) The exercise of the rights of citizenship.

2) Residence of at least five years in the territory of the municipality.

ART. 118. The governor shall be the administrative head of all the municipalities in his department, and shall be president of the one established in his capital. The subdelegate shall be president of the municipality of his subdelegation.

ART. 119. Within their respective territories, the municipalities shall have power:

1) To care for the public health, comfort, decoration, and recreation.

2) To promote education, agriculture, industry, and com

merce.

3) To supervise the primary schools and other educational institutions which are supported by municipal funds.

4) To superintend hospitals, asylums, foundlings' hospitals, jails, houses of correction, and other charitable institutions, in accordance with the regulations prescribed for such institutions.

5) To have charge of the construction and repair of roads, pavements, and bridges, and of all other necessary, useful, or ornamental public works which may be constructed with municipal funds.

6) To administer and expend the municipal funds, in accordance with the rules provided by law.

7) To make the assessments of taxes and to provide for the enrolment of recruits and substitutes apportioned to the territory of the municipality, in the cases where the law has not committed these duties to any other authority or persons.

8) To address to Congress each year, through the intendant and the President of the Republic, petitions which may be judged proper, relating either to matters affecting the general welfare of the State or to the particular affairs of the department, especially in the establishment of communal funds and the meeting of extraordinary expenses incurred for the construction of new public works of general interest to the department or for repairs of those in existence.

9) To propose to the general government, to the government of the province, or to that of the department, administrative measures conducive to the general welfare of such department.

10) To enact municipal ordinances concerning the aforesaid subjects, and to present them through the intendant to the President of the Republic for his approval, with the advice of the Council of State.

ART. 120. No decision or resolution of the municipality which is not in conformity with established rules shall be carried into effect without being brought to the attention of the governor, or of the subdelegate, as the case may be; and such officer may suspend its execution if it contains anything prejudicial to the public order.

ART. 121. All municipal employments shall be gratuitous, and may not be refused except for cause specified by law.

ART. 122. A special law shall regulate the internal government and shall designate the functions of all those charged with the provincial administration and the manner in which such functions shall be exercised.

CHAPTER IX. GUARANTIES OF SECURITY AND PROPERTY

ART. 123. In Chile there shall be no slaves, and he who sets foot upon Chilean territory shall become free. Chileans shall not engage in the slave trade; foreigners engaged in this trade shall not reside in Chile or be naturalized in the Republic.

ART. 124. No one shall be condemned without a trial in accordance with law and by virtue of a law promulgated before the commission of the act for which he is tried.

ART. 125. No one shall be tried by a special tribunal, nor by any other body than the court provided by law and established prior to the act for which he is tried.

ART. 126. In order that a warrant of arrest may be

executed, it must be issued by an authority having the right to make arrests and must be shown to the arrested person at the time of his apprehension.

ART. 127. Anyone taken in the commission of an offense may be arrested without a warrant and by any person, for the sole purpose of being taken before the proper judge.

ART. 128. No person shall be imprisoned or detained, except in his own house or in the public places provided for that purpose.

ART. 129. The persons in charge of prisons shall not receive prisoners into them, without entering in their register the order of arrest issued by an authority empowered to arrest. They may, however, receive into the prison, as under detention, persons brought there for the purpose of being taken before the proper judge, but they must notify such judge within twenty-four hours.

ART. 130. If the public authorities under any circumstances should arrest any inhabitant of the Republic, the officer who has ordered the arrest shall within the succeeding fortyeight hours notify the proper judge thereof, and place the arrested person at his disposal.

ART. 131. No prohibition of communication with a prisoner shall prevent his being visited by the magistrate having jurisdiction over the place of his confinement.

ART. 132. Such magistrate is required, upon the request of the prisoner, to transmit to the proper judge a copy of the warrant of arrest given to the prisoner, or to demand that the prisoner be given such a copy, or himself to give to the prisoner a certificate of arrest, if this requirement had not been complied with.

ART. 133. No person, not liable to corporal or infamous punishment, shall be imprisoned or detained if he will give sufficient bond or security, in the manner provided by law according to the nature of the case.

ART. 134. Any person illegally imprisoned or detained

in violation of the provisions of Arts. 126, 128, 129, and 130 may appeal personally or through someone acting in his name to the magistracy prescribed by law, demanding compliance with the legal forms. This magistracy shall order that the prisoner be brought before it, and its orders shall be exactly obeyed by all persons in charge of prisons or houses of detention. As soon as such magistracy has informed itself of the antecedent facts of the case, it shall cause the legal defects to be corrected, and shall place the accused at the disposal of the proper judge, proceeding promptly and summarily, correcting abuses itself or reporting them to those who should correct them.

ART. 135. In criminal cases accused persons shall not be compelled to testify against themselves, nor shall their children, grandchildren, husband, wife, or relatives within the third degree of consanguinity or within the second degree of affinity, be required to testify against them.

No

ART. 136. No torture shall be applied, nor shall the punishment of confiscation of goods be imposed in any case. infamous penalty shall ever extend beyond the person of the condemned.

ART. 137. The house of every person residing in Chilean territory shall be an inviolable asylum, and may not be entered except for special cause determined by law, and by virtue of an order of the proper authority.

ART. 138. Epistolary correspondence shall be inviolable. No papers or effects shall be opened, intercepted, or searched, except in the cases expressly provided by law.

ART. 139. Congress alone shall have power to impose direct and indirect taxes, and all other public authorities and individuals are forbidden to impose them without its special authorization, under the pretext of loans, gifts, or in any other

manner.

ART. 140. No personal service or tax of any kind shall be exacted, except by virtue of a decree of the proper authority,