commanders, or officials, who are bound to obey immediately, under the penalties established by the laws.

The presidents of the Senate and of the Chamber of Deputies may delegate to the questors or to one of them their right of demanding aid.

ART. 6. Petitions to either of the chambers shall be made and presented only in writing. It is forbidden to present them in person or at the bar.

ART. 7. Every violation of the preceding article, every provocation, by public speeches, by writings, or by printed matter, posted or distributed, to a crowd upon the public ways, having for its object the discussion, drawing up, or carrying to the chambers or to either of them, of petitions, declarations, or addresses, shall be punished by the penalties enumerated in paragraph 1 of Art. 5 of the law of June 7, 1848, whether or not any results follow from such actions.

ART. 8. The preceding provisions do not diminish the force of the law of June 7, 1848, on riotous assemblies.

ART. 9. Art. 463 of the Penal Code is applicable to the offenses mentioned in the present law.

LAW AMENDING THE ORGANIC LAWS ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SENATE AND THE ELECTION OF SENATORS

(December 9, 1884)

ARTICLE I. The Senate shall be composed of three hundred members, elected by the departments and the colonies.

The present members, without any distinction between senators elected by the National Assembly or by the Senate and those elected by the departments and colonies, shall retain their offices during the time for which they have been chosen. ART. 2. The department of the Seine shall elect ten

senators.

The department of the Nord shall elect eight senators.

The following departments shall elect five senators each: Côtes-du-Nord, Finistère, Gironde, Ille-et-Vilaine, Loire, Loire-Inférieure, Pas-de-Calais, Rhône, Saône-et-Loire, SeineInférieure.

The following departments shall elect four senators each: Aisne, Bouches-de-Rhône, Charente-Inférieure, Dordogne, Haute-Garonne, Isère, Maine-et-Loire, Manche, Morbihan, Puy-de-Dôme, Seine-et-Oise, Somme.

The following departments shall elect three senators each: Ain, Allier, Ardèche, Ardennes, Aube, Aude, Aveyron, Calvados, Charente, Cher, Corrèze, Corse, Côte-d'Or, Creuse, Doubs, Drôme, Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Gard, Gers, Hérault, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Jura, Landes, Loir-et-Cher, HauteLoire, Loiret, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Marne, Haute-Marne, Mayenne, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Nièvre, Oise, Orne, Basses-Pyrénées, Haute-Saône, Sarthe, Savoie, Haute-Savoie, Seine-et-Marne, Deux-Sèvres, Tern, Var, Vendée, Vienne, Haute-Vienne, Vosges, Yonne.

The following departments shall elect two senators each: Basses-Alpes, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-Maritimes, Ariège, Cantal, Lozère, Hautes-Pyrénées, Pyrénées-Orientales,

Garonne, Vaucluse.

Tarn-et

The following shall elect one senator each: The territory of Belfort, the three departments of Algeria, the four colonies: Martinique, Guadeloupe, Réunion, and French Indies.

ART. 3. In the departments where the number of senators is increased by the present law, the increase shall take effect as vacancies occur among the life senators.

For this purpose, within a week after the vacancy occurs, it shall be determined by lot in public session what department shall be called upon to elect a senator.

This election shall take place within three months of the determination by lot. However, if the vacancy occurs within six months preceding the triennial election, the vacancy shall not be filled until that election.

The term of office in case of a special election shall expire at the same time as that of the other senators belonging to the same department.

ART. 4. No one shall be a senator unless he is a French citizen at least forty years of age and in the enjoyment of civil and political rights.1

Members of families that have reigned in France are ineligible to the Senate.

ART. 5. The soldiers of the land and naval forces shall not be elected senators.

There are excepted from this provision:

I) The marshals of France and admirals.

2) The general officers maintained without limit of age in the first section of the list of the general staff and not provided with a command.

3) The general officers placed in the second section of the list of the general staff.

4) Members of the land and naval forces who belong either to the reserve of the active army or to the territorial army.

ART. 6. Senators shall be elected by scrutin de liste, by a college meeting at the capital of the department or of the colony, and composed:

1) of the deputies;

2) of the general councilors;

3) of the councilors of the arrondissement;

4) of delegates elected from among the voters of the commune, by each municipal council.

Councils composed of ten members shall elect one delegate. Councils composed of twelve members shall elect two delegates.

Councils composed of sixteen members shall elect three delegates.

By law of July 20, 1895, no one may become a member of Parliament unless he has complied with the law regarding military service.

Councils composed of twenty-one members shall elect six delegates.

Councils composed of twenty-three members shall elect nine delegates.

Councils composed of twenty-seven members shall elect twelve delegates.

Councils composed of thirty members shall elect fifteen delegates.

Councils composed of thirty-two members shall elect eighteen delegates.

Councils composed of thirty-four members shall elect twenty-one delegates.

Councils composed of thirty-six members or more shall elect twenty-four delegates.

The Municipal Council of Paris shall elect thirty delegates. In the French Indies the members of the local councils shall take the place of councilors of the arrondissement. The municipal council of Pondichéry shall elect five delegates. The municipal council of Karikal shall elect three delegates. All of the other communes shall elect two delegates each. The balloting takes place at the seat of government of each district.

ART. 7.

years.

Members of the Senate shall be elected for nine

The Senate shall be renewed every three years according to the order of the present series of departments and colonies.

ART. 8. Arts. 2 (paragraphs 1 and 2), 3, 4, 5, 8, 14, 16, 19, and 23 of the organic law of August 2, 1875, on the elections of senators, are amended as follows:

"Art. 2(paragraphs 1 and 2). In each municipal council the election of delegates shall take place without debate and by secret ballot, by scrutin de liste and by an absolute majority of votes cast. After two ballots a plurality shall be sufficient, and in case of an equality of votes the oldest is elected.

"The procedure and method shall be the same for the election of alternates.

"Councils having one, two, or three delegates to choose shall elect one alternate.

"Those choosing six or nine delegates shall elect two alternates.

"Those choosing twelve or fifteen delegates shall elect three alternates.

"Those choosing eighteen or twenty-one delegates shall elect four alternates.

"Those choosing twenty-four delegates shall elect five alternates.

"The municipal council of Paris shall elect eight alternates. "The alternates shall take the place of delegates in case of refusal or inability to serve, in the order determined by the number of votes received by each of them.

"Art. 3. In communes where the duties of the municipal council are performed by a special delegation organized by virtue of Art. 44 of the law of April 5, 1884, the senatorial delegates and alternates shall be chosen by the former council.

"Art. 4. If the delegates were not present at the election, notice shall be given them by the mayor within twenty-four hours. They shall within five days notify the prefect of their acceptance. In case of declination or silence they shall be replaced by the alternates, who shall then be placed upon the list as the delegates of the commune.

"Art. 5. The official report of the election of delegates and alternates shall be transmitted at once to the prefect. It shall indicate the acceptance or declination of the delegates and alternates, as well as the protests made by one or more members of the municipal council against the legality of the election. A copy of this official report shall be posted on the door of the town hall.

"Art. 8. Protests concerning the election of delegates or of alternates shall be decided, subject to an appeal to the