stayed in Phoenix, and he would have done much better here than he did by going to Prescott.

"Mr. Gray was in the Confederate Army. He got back home from California the year before the war broke out. He had been in California for ten years. He went there when he was sixteen years old with his brother, and then got back just in time to go into the war. He served

in the war and was nine months in the prison at Alton, Illinois. He was captured at Helena, Arkansas, and then he escaped by jumping out of the cars as he was being transferred from Alton to Fort Delaware. There were three of them got away by jumping through the windows of the car. He got back home and stayed for three or four weeks, and then went back into the army. "He was born in Florida in 1833. I was born in Arkansas. My people and his people were real pioneers. My grandparents grandparents went to Georgia when they had to stand guard over the fields to keep the Indians off. I was born in the southern portion of Arkansas, in Union County, about twelve miles from the Louisiana line, in 1846. I was seventy years old May last, and never had good health until we came here. We were coming just for a rest, but when we saw the valley we made up our minds to settle here. The valley when we first saw it was lovely. There was grass about a foot high, and it was fine. I never had any trouble with the Indians. We never saw a wild Indian all the way across the plains; never saw an Indian until we got here and saw the Pimas and Maricopas.

"I don't remember just when it was the Mormons came in here at Tempe.

"I don't remember just when the Tempe Canal was started, but the Swilling Ditch was giving us water before the Tempe Canal was commenced.

"I was here when they had the contest over East Phoenix and West Phoenix, and it was settled by the vote of the people. The town started off at this end of the valley, and the settlers were coming in down here. Swilling was fighting for East Phoenix. His place was right over here.

"Jim Murphy, the deputy sheriff, is a son of the Murphy, who was of the firm of Murphy & Dennis, and whose wife was a Mexican woman. The little store he established was a godsend to us, as we had no merchants nearer than Wickenburg on the one side, and Maricopa Wells on the other. When we wanted merchandise, about all the men in the valley would have to go to Wickenburg for it, and maybe they could get a piece of bacon about a foot long, and six inches wide, for the whole settlement. I was one time without shoes, and Mr. Duppa was going over to Maricopa, and I asked him to bring me a pair. He brought me a pair of sixes, and at that time I wore twos. I told him they didn't fit me exactly, and he said that it was all he could get, and a sight better than going bare-footed.

"I don't remember the time Duppa died. I think he was alive in 1887. He was a strange character. I asked him once why he didn't go back to England. His older brother had died, and they sent for him, and he said that he couldn't go back and have to pull his hat off to people; that he would have to open up the old estate and accept all the responsibilities of a

high position over there, and that he did not want to do. Duppa would never become a citizen of the United States though. They sent his younger brother over after him, but he told him: 'John, you can go back and rest satisfied that I will never return.'

see.

"At times he would go off in the mountains and stay until his hair came down to his shoulders, and sometimes when he came back he didn't look like a human. I was home once when he returned from the mountains, and he was as rough a character as you would want to He looked like he hadn't washed his face or combed his hair for months. He went to Maricopa and brought me back some Sonora oranges, and he had been shaved and cleaned up, and bought a new suit, and he came to the door and knocked, and when I went to the door, he began by saying: 'Good morning, Ma'am,' thinking I wouldn't know him, but I knew him by his voice. Duppa lived right over there. (Pointing west.)

Dr. Thibodo and his wife are both dead. Duppa got his remittances through Dr. Thibodo. Thibodo used to come down here sometimes, but toward the last he hardly ever went out of his drugstore.

"I was married in 1865, August 24th, my husband's full name being Columbus H. Gray and mine Mary A. Gray. My maiden name was Mary A. Norris. My brother, Coleman Norris, lives here in town. He is not doing anything now. He has two sons and a daughter. Bud Gray a half brother of my husband is dead. He