by General Crook in a letter which Mr. Cooley had framed and hung in his room.

"8. The first outlaws to infest the county were Mexicans. They robbed all travellers to or from Springerville and St. Johns. It was this band who robbed Colonel Brickwood at the 'lagoon' near Concho, taking his horse in exchange for an old mule, which he rode barebacked into Milligan's Fort, a distance of thirty-five miles. I can never forget the young man's appearance when he reached Milligan's. This gang went the way of all men who defy the law.

"9. A second band of outlaws from Utah and Nevada established headquarters in Springerville in 1878, and did much killing and robbing, but failing to agree over the division of the money taken from an old German near where Holbrook now stands, a shooting took place, in which several of the gang were killed, and one, 'Snyder,' whose real name was Cavanaugh, was badly wounded. It was while I was 'sitting up' with him, attending him as nurse, that he told me the cause of the trouble within their ranks.

"Several men were killed in St. Johns in a pitched battle with the Mexicans, and the people of Springerville finished the band. Nine repose on the hillside overlooking the mill near Eager. Other bands organized and seemed to run the country for short period of time, but when the citizens decided to put a stop to such outlawry, it was done with little fuss."

CHAPTER XIV.

MORE SETTLEMENTS (Continued).

INTERVIEW WITH JAMES G. H. COLTER-SETTLES IN ROUND VALLEY-LOCATES AT NUTRIOSO-INDIAN TROUBLES INDUCES HENRY SPRINGER TO LOCATE IN VALLEY AND NAMES SPRINGERVILLE AFTER HIM-EXPERIENCE AS DEPUTY SHERIFF-FIGHT WITH JACK OLNEY SELLS OUT NUTRIOSO TO MORMONSFIGHT WITH GERONIMO AND VICTORIO-FRED T. COLTER IN FIGHT.

JAMES G. H. COLTER, father of State Senator Fred Colter from Apache County, contributes the following:

"I was born in 1844 in Cumberland County, near Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada. Left home and came to Wisconsin when sixteen years of age, about the year 1860; came to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and then worked for one man lumbering, and, when twenty years old, ran one of his camps. He was a lumber man. I then bought three hundred and twenty acres of pine timber, and went lumbering for myself. This was when I was twenty-one years of age. In 1872 I started to Arizona, and arrived in Colter, Arizona, or where Colter is now, where my sons still live. There were three in our party that came across the plains. We bought some horses at Atchison, Kansas, and brought three two-horse teams to Round Valley, Arizona, that I lumbered with in Wisconsin. I also brought a reaper and mower, my intention being to raise barley for

Camp Apache. That post was created to get the Indians on the reservation.

"The first Indian trouble I saw, we were coming across the Navajo Reservation, one corner of it, and they, the Indians, about a hundred and fifty of them, rode in front of us and stopped us. They were Navajoes, and we thought we were gone up sure, I was driving the head team, and other teams were following, and when the Indians stopped us, the boys said: 'We had better fire at them.' We had our guns, but I said, 'No, we better not.' We had one wagonload of provisions, flour, bacon, coffee and sugar, a year's provisions, and before they would let us go any further, we had to give them about half our provisions for toll, to get across the reservation, and we were glad to get off that easy. It was in the afternoon that this occurred. We drove all night and the next day until we tired out our horses.

"Then I took up land in Nutrioso, and with Mexican labor took out ditches and opened it up. The next Indian trouble I was at Nutrioso alone, fifteen miles from anybody. I had a log house on the farm and my horses were over there, but the other boys were in another valley. One day I looked down the valley, and saw about two hundred Indians coming up the valley, and I thought surely I was gone up that time. They came up to the house, but didn't seem to be on the warpath. They wanted provisions, and I hadn't very much, and I wouldn't give them any at first. Some of them came into the house. The young bucks were very sassy, but I had my gun and six shooter in my hands. At last the young