This was the reason they didn't tackle us again. I guess they couldn't get ammunition. Captain Kramer came over to the ranch that afternoon and I was never so glad to see anyone as I was to see him and his soldiers. They were the first to get there; the Silver City people didn't get in for quite a spell. The Indians ran away and went up the river, and at Los Lentes they swung around and killed all the people in Los Lentes, thirty-six families; never left a chick nor child. They went marauding and never spared anybody, killed people everywhere.

"Fred, my son, was a boy of perhaps three or four years of age, and he was with me in that fight. Both he and his mother were with me in that fight, and, speaking of Fred, I remember so often that when we thought him not old enough to think of such things he would say: 'Papa, when I get big I am going to be a good man and a great man,' and that has been typical of his actions, for he has developed a big country at Colter and spent much time and money for public welfare. He was County Supervisor of Apache County for five years, a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and is now serving his second term in the State Senate (1918). He is also a Democratic National Committeeman and, although only thirty-nine years of age, I look forward to a great future for him. After this fight I took my family to Silver City, and kept them there all summer in the Hotel.

"I sold that ranch two years afterwards to an English company headed by Lord Woolsey's son; sold out my butcher shops in Deming, Silver

City, etc., and then went up the river sixty-five miles further, and bought four thousand cattle and a big ranch, and sixteen thousand sheep from a rich Spaniard, Don Luis Baca. I kept that ranch for three years, and sold that to another English company; that ranch was known as the 'S. U. Ranch.' Then I went to Kansas and stayed there to educate my children; kept a feeding ranch and raised fine cattle there for several years.

"I came back to Arizona along in the early nineties to where I had first settled. Fred was born right in the Nutrioso valley. I engaged in the stock business in the same place; my boys went into the same business and I have been travelling in California and all over for the last few years. I never worked very much after my boys grew up. I have three sons and one girl. The girl married Tom Phelps and she is living up there too. I was married in Springerville in 1875 to a southern girl by the name of Rosa Rudd, the daughter of Dr. Wm. Rudd, one of the first pioneers of that country.

"When I left Wisconsin for Arizona, we first came down in the boat from Eau Claire on the Chippewa river, run on a boat and come to Davenport, Iowa, and there I chartered cars and came to the end of the Santa Fe Railroad at Atchison, Kansas, and then started in the wagons. I drove one wagon; we had one wagon with grub, one with the reaper and mower, and one with tools, etc. One of the boys, Murray, was a blacksmith, and he made puzzle hobbles which we put on the horses at night. No one could take them off but ourselves and we drove

our horses clear through to Springerville, which was then Round Valley. We would take turns guarding them at night and we never lost a horse. We were the three Jims, Jim Colter, Jim Murray, and Jim Powell, the latter a Canadian who came out with us.

"The way we came to start was that this man Moore whom I spoke of, wrote to a man named Lamb; I didn't know Moore myself, but Lamb told us about it. Lamb had a little pair of mules, and he wanted to go to Arizona. I had good, heavy wagons, and he said he was going to take Moore's family, and when we got down to start on the boat, a drive of about fifty miles, he was there with his little pair of mules and the Moore family of five children. Lamb came to me and said that he was out of money, and wanted to know if he could come along anyhow. It provoked me to have him start off without telling me first that he was short, but I told him to come on anyhow, and we brought the whole bunch through with us. He was an old man and we didn't even have him stand guard at night, but took care of the whole bunch. I had to furnish them with grub and paid all their expenses."

CHAPTER XV.

SURVEYING LAND IN TERRITORY.

JOHN WASSON APPOINTED SURVEYOR GENERAL BIOGRAPHY OF HIS ACCOUNT OF CONDITIONS IN ARIZONA IN 1871- SURVEYS MADE IN SANTA CRUZ AND GILA VALLEYS AND IN VICINITY OF PRESCOTT-SPANISH AND MEXICAN LAND CLAIMS-MINING EXPEDITION BY GOVERNOR SAFFORD TIMBER, AGRICULTURE AND GRAZING.

John Wasson, who was appointed Surveyor General of the Territory by President Grant in 1870, came into the Territory during that year from California, holding that position for three terms, until August, 1882. During the time of his residence here he started the "Tucson Citizen." He returned to California at the time of his retirement from office, and, at the time of his death was President of the Board of Trustees of the Los Angeles Normal School. He died at Pomona, California, on January 16th, 1909, at the age of seventy-six years. In his first report to the Commissioner of the General Land Office at Washington, under date of August 30th, 1871, he gives a short but interesting account of conditions in Arizona át that time which follows:

"REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR GENERAL OF ARIZONA TERRITORY.

"UNITED

"Sir:

STATES' SURVEYOR GEN-
ERAL'S OFFICE.

"Tucson, Arizona Territory,

"In compliance with your instructions of April 17th, 1871, I herewith present in duplicate a report of the surveying operations within the District of Arizona, for the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1871.

"Arizona was made a separate Surveying District by an Act approved July 11th, 1870; the President caused my commission to be executed July 12th, but the official notice of it did not reach me until November 5th, upon which day I executed my bond and entered upon the duties of the office.

"The records of all previous surveys in Arizona being in the California office, the year well advanced, and then being the most favorable season for field operations, I deemed it best to proceed to California, procure the official books, papers, etc., appertaining to this district, as well as other necessary supplies not obtainable here, and personally see that they were not delayed in transit. By so doing, early in January everything required to practically inaugurate field work was at hand, except my general instructions, which were not received until March 3rd. Knowing that unexpended balances were passed to the General Fund of the Treasury, and that less than half the fiscal year remained, I deemed