CONTENTS Conquest or Absorption by modern European nations of the Creation by this process of a sort of unity of mankind Earlier effort of Rome to unify mankind Part borne by England in the work of ruling and civilizing The Colonies of England: the British Empire in India Position of Rome and England respectively in their Empires 1-71 794 Conditions favouring Roman and British Indian conq Strength of the Roman and British armies The Romans and English as Road and Railway Builders Success of both in maintaining internal order and security Character of Roman and British administration Revenue and taxation of the two Empires PAGE Character of the conquerors as a source of their strength of the ruling race Fusion of Romans and provincials: no similar fusion of Influence of Climate, of Colour, of Religion Languages and literature in Roman Empire and in India Influences which favoured fusion in Roman Empire absent Retroactive influences of the provinces on Rome and of What the experience of the English in India has proved ESSAY II Methods of Legal Administration in the provinces Gradual assimilation of Roman and Provincial Law Establishment of one law for the Roman Empire How the Romans were able to create an imperial law Spread of Roman Law after the fall of the Western Empire Diffusion of English Law over regions settled or conquered . Policy followed by the English in dealing with Indian Law Reciprocal action of English and Native Law on one another 106 Merits and working of the Anglo-Indian Codes Roman Law in the Empire compared with English Law in . Strength and weakness of Flexible Constitutions. Such Constitutions are rather elastic than unstable Illustrations from the Constitutions of Rome and England Dangers possibly inherent in Flexible Constitutions Flexible Constitutions suited to aristocratic governments Checks applied in Rome and in England Influence of Constitutions on the mind of a nation Illustrations from Rome and England Capacity of Constitutions for Territorial Expansion Enumeration of existing Rigid Constitutions Circumstances under which Rigid Constitutions arise Enactment and amendment of Rigid Constitutions Various modes now in use for amending them Contrast of Anglo-American doctrines with those of the European Continent American views as to Interpretation Suitability of Rigid Constitutions to Democracies Recent changes of opinion in the United States and England Instances of the troubles caused by Racial or Religious sen- Difficulties due to differences of colour in races How the Constitutions of the United States and Switzerland PAGE The Centripetal force generally, but not always, dominant Effects of Conquest and of Dynastic Succession Present tendency to the enlargement or consolidation of 263-300 The first political constitution of the island. Thingvellir and the meetings of the Althing Value of contemporary views of an institution The Federalist: Alex. Hamilton and James Madison The United States in A.D. 1788 . Predictions of the opponents of the New Constitution Characteristic merits and defects of American Democracy only slightly foreseen The Democracy in America of Alexis de Tocqueville Merits and flaws in Tocqueville's study of the United States 320 His insufficient knowledge of England His preoccupation with France The deficiencies observable in his book scarcely affect its Condition of the United States in Tocqueville's day Chief events in the United States since Tocqueville's time |