FOURTH SESSION, WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 13.

Report of public policy committee, by S. Morgan Bushnell, chairman, Chicago.

Report of educational committee, by George W. Martin, Chairman, New York. FIFTH SESSION, THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 14.

Discussion of report of research committee.

Report of accounting committee, by C. A. Gillham, chairman, New York.

SIXTH SESSION, THURSDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 14.

Address on "Rates," by Halfred Erickson, Chicago.

General discussion on rates.
Report of nominating committee.

SEVENTH SESSION, FRIDAY MORNING, JUNE 15.

Report of meter committee, by Fred B. Orr, chairman, Chicago.

Master Steam Fitters' Association in New Quarters.

New headquarters for the National Association of Master Steam and Hot Water Fitters have been taken at 50 Union Square, New York, Seventeenth Street and Fourth Avenue. The new quarters are on the ninth floor of the Germania Life Building. The offices of the association have been located, for the past twenty years, in the Wool Exchange Building, 260 West Broadway, New York.

Wisconsin State Association.

Officers were elected as follows at the seventh annual convention of the Master Steam and Hot Water Fitters' Association

passed a resolution pledging the loyalty and services of the chapter to the government in connection with the war, the announcement being greeted with applause.

After the routine business was transacted, the meeting was turned over to M. W. Franklin, the chairman of the evening, who carried out the sentiments of the occasion by wielding as a gavel a 4-in. shrapnel shell. Mr. Franklin introduced Naval Constructor George H. Rock, U. S. N., of the New York Navy Yard, who took for his subject "The Ventilation of Battleships." Naval Constructor Rock gave a comprehensive review of the problems that have to be met in the ventilation of battleships, one of the most important being the prevention of pipe corrosion. He also told how the use of steam radiators aboard ship had given place to the indirect systems which are now in universal use.

One of the most interesting statements made was that the ventilation of ships on any large scale is a development of the past few years and that this applies to the vessels of foreign countries as well.

The main portions of Captain Rock's address were withheld from publication.

President Ritter stated that the May meeting on May 21, would be in charge of a committee headed by George W. Martin, of the engineering firm of Martin and De Remer, New York. Efforts are being made to secure as the principal speaker an army engineer-officer to talk on "Military Preparedness."

Illinois Chapter Discusses Smokeless Boilers.

"Noven Types of Heating Boilers" was the topic for the April meeting of the Illinois Chapter which was held at the Engineers' Club, Chicago, April 9. The American Radiator Company's smokeless boiler was described by H. L. Whitelaw; Charles F. Newport of the Newport Boiler Company gave an illustrated address on magazine boilers; and Ernest Mehring, president of the Ernest Mehring Co., Chicago, representing the Kanawha Mfg. Co., of Charleston, W. Va., also gave a talk, illustrated with slides, on smokeless boiler construction and operation. These speakers were followed by Osborn Monnett, formerly chief of the Chicago Smoke Inspection Department, who stated that efficient operation of boilers, whether for high or low pressure plants, was essential in lowering smoke densities.

In the absence of President Powers, Dr. E. Vernon Hill, vice-president, officiated.

A committe was appointed to take charge of the entertainment at the forthcoming semi-annual meeting of the society which will be held in Chicago, July 18-20. This committe will consist of James Cutler, Benjamin Nelson, E. J. Claffey and August Kehm.

Secretary Stacey anounced the election of the following to membership in the chapter: Oliver L. Bear, A. A. Blomfeldt, H. W. Nelson, F. Van Inwagen and H. L. Whitelaw.

John F. Hale, who had represented the chapter at the recent convention of the National Committee on Engineering CoOperation, held in Chicago, March 29, said that he expected to be able to make a report covering various points which have developed in connection with engineering co-operation. This report will be presented at the summer meeting of the heating engineers' society.

Annual Meeting of Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter.

The annual meeting and dinner of the Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter was held at Kugler's Restaurant, Philadelphia, March 8, and was largely attended. Officers elected were: President, George W. Barr; vicepresident, J. T. J. Mellon; treasurer, H. P. Gant; secretary, George Boon.

D. Knickerbacker Boyd was the principal speaker, his address being devoted to a discussion of co-operation between the heating engineer and the architect.

A joint meeting of the local chapters of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers was held at the Engineers' Club, Philadelphia, March 27, both chapters being well represented. The feature of the meeting was the presentation of a paper on "Central Station Heating," by Walter J. Kline, of the American District Steam Company, in which he gave a concise review of up-todate methods in this field.

The regular monthly meeting of the Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter, held April 12, was devoted to warm air furnace heating. A paper on the subject by Irwin F. Grumbein was well received. Mr. Grumbein renewed the claim that heating and ventilating by this method has many advantages for certain types of buildings. He also emphasized the necessity for proper installation of such systems.

The May meeting was scheduled for

May 8 the subject for discussion being "Heat Regulation."

Kansas City Chapter Inspects Radiator Manufacturing Plant.

Thirty members and guests of the Kansas City Chapter met at the Tea Cup Rooms, Kansas City, for supper, after an inspection trip had been made to the plant of the Kansas City Radiator Company, where 6,000 sq. ft. of pressed metal radiaThe tion is being turned out per day. manufacturing methods used and the design of the radiators were explained in detail to the visitors.

The members met later in the City Club rooms upstairs where the topic of the evening, "Boilers and Smoke Prevention," was discussed. Mr. Pease, of the Kewanee Boiler Company, exhibited a series of moving pictures which proved both amusing and instructive as illustrating the experiences with a "smoke producing" boiler and one of the "smoke prevention" type.

Mr. Howe, of the American Radiator Company, then gave a talk on methods to be used to prevent the formation of smoke in boilers not of the smokeless type. These were the alternate firing on first one side and then on the other, the covering only of bright spots in the fire, the coking method of firing whereby the coal is heated gradually, and the double arching of boilers, making a greater travel of the gasses.

Mr. Booth, of the United States Radiator Corporation, gave a review of boiler construction since the days of Watt and brought out the fact that in Europe the development of hot water heating preceded that of steam.

A general discussion showed that the socalled "smoke consuming boiler" is a misnomer, as it should really be called a "smoke prevention boiler," as the idea is to prevent smoke, for smoke once formed in a boiler is almost impossible to con

sume.

As a member of a committee reporting to the city council on a proposed boiler code, which in all probability will be adopted, Mr. Howe stated that the code recommended was that proposed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which has already been adopted in 25 States, and is tending to make uniform the legal requirements and inspections of boilers, besides producing more like a standardization of output by the manfacturers. Secretary F. A: De Boos was instructed to write Mayor Edwards endorsing his efforts to secure the appointment of a smoke inspector in Kansas City. It was brought out

that as it is an admitted fact that house heaters produce as much as 75% to 90% of the smoke in our cities, there can be no question that proper smoke inspection will materially lessen the smoke nuisance. This has become an item of considerable importance in Kansas City during the last two years on account of the apparent failure of the natural gas supply, which was largely used in house heating.

Five new applications for membership in the chapter were received and the applicants elected, making the chapter's present membership, 35.

CORRESPONDENCE

Figuring Exhaust Steam Supply From Engines.

EDITOR HEATING AND VENTILATING MAGAZINE: How much direct radiation can be supplied and what is the thermal efficiency of the exhaust from a 100 H.P. simple automatic cut-off governor engine, operating at 100 lbs. gauge pressure, back pressure at atmosphere, requiring 40 lbs. of steam per indicated horse power?

In Carpenters' work on "Heating and Ventilating" there is given a table covering this condition which shows that practically 10,000 sq. ft. of radiation can be supplied. An empirical rule, but one which coincides very closely with experience is that 100 sq. ft. of direct radiation requires the consumption of 3 tons of hard coal per heating season, consequently 300 tons would represent the amount necessary for the 10,000 sq. ft.

Another authority attacks the problem from a different angle, stating that this type of engine, using 40 lbs. of steam per i.h.p., operating 10 hours a day and estimating a heating season of 200 days, will exhaust 80,000,000 lbs. containing 1,121 B.T.U. per pound or a total of 8,968 millions B.T.U., during the period named. If this quantity of steam were separately generated with coal having a caloric value of 12,500 B.T.U. per pound, and a boiler efficiency of 60%, each pound of coal would produce 7,500 B.T.U. of steam, thereby requiring 1.2 millions pounds of coal or 600 tons. Wherein does the descrepancy lie between these two results? Schenectady, N. Y.

D.

The question presented by our correspondent is not entirely clear, not so much as to the method of figuring, but as to just what conditions are to be considered. It is assumed that the question was intended to ask "how many square feet of equivalent direct radiation can be supplied by the exhaust steam from a 100 H.P. engine using 40 lbs. of steam per indicated horsepower during the time of its operatoin at full load." It is obvious that when the engine is operating at full load it consumes 40 lbs. of steam per I.H.P. and for 100 I.H.P. will consume 40 x 100, or 4,000 lbs. per hour. If operated at only one-half the load, approximately one-half the amount of steam is used and since the weight of exhaust steam cannot exceed the weight of the consumed steam it follows that at full load about 4,000 lbs. of exhaust steam would be available, while at lesser loads. smaller amounts, nearly proportional to the load, would be available. Of course when the engine was not in operation no exhaust would be available and a make-up through a pressure reducing valve would have to be used.

Steam exhausted at exactly atmospheric pressure will not circulate through a system of steam piping unless assisted by a vacuum pump or other aid. However, assuming such a condition could be obtained and steam at exactly atmospheric pressure drawn into a heating system, then the amount of surface is most easily computed by dividing the total amount of steam available by the amount condensed per square foot of direct cast-iron radiation.

It is well known that the condensation per square foot of ordinary radiator surface is about 14 lb. and that with allowance for loss in piping this will increase to about 3 lb. per square foot. So with 4,000 lbs. of steam available at full load and 3 lb. condensed per square foot about 4,000 × 3, or 12,000 sq. ft. could be supplied. With surface in the shape of pipe coils less could be handled owing to their greater condensing power which is about 300/250 or 1.2 times that of cast-iron surface. So 12,000/1.2 = 10,000 sq. ft. of surface for pipe coils. On account of small losses in the engine and the possibility of slightly higher condensing ability in some parts of the system we could not recommend over 95% of the above, say 11,400 sq. ft. for cast-iron surface, or 9,500 sq. ft. for pipe coil surface.

We do not agree with our correspondent that "100 feet of direct radiation requires the consumption of 3 tons of hard coal per heating system," for it has been found that 100 lbs. per square foot of surface is