(b) Within further six months to clear the remainder of the Province of Mukden and the Province of Kirin of Imperial troops.

(c) Within the six months following to remove the remaining Imperial Russian troops from the Province of Hei-lung-chiang.

Art. 3. In view of the necessity of preventing in the future any recurrence of the disorders of last year, in which Chinese troops stationed on the Manchurian frontier also took part, the Imperial Russian and Chinese Governments shall undertake to instruct the Russian military authorities and the Tsiang-tsungs, mutually to come to an agreement respecting the numbers and the disposition of the Chinese forces until the Russian forces shall have been withdrawn. At the same time the Chinese Government binds itself to organize no other forces over and above those decided upon by the Russian military authorities and the Tsiang-Tsungs as sufficient to suppress brigandage and pacify the country.

After the complete evacuation of Manchuria by Russian troops, the Chinese Government shall have the right to increase or diminish the number of its troops in Manchuria, but of this must duly notify the Russian Government, as it is natural that the maintenance in the abovementioned district of an over large number of troops must necessarily lead to a reinforcement of the Russian military force in the neighbouring districts, and thus would bring about an increase of expenditure on military requirements undesirable for both states.

For police service and the maintenance of internal order in the districts outside those parts allotted to the Eastern Chinese Railway Company, a police guard, under the local governors ("Tsiang-Tsungs "), consisting of cavalry and infantry, shall be organized exclusively of subjects of his Majesty the Emperor of China.

Art. 4. The Russian Government agrees to restore to the owners the railway Shanhaikwan-Newchwang-Sinminting, which, since the end of September, 1900, has been occupied and guarded by Russian troops. In view of this, the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of China. binds itself:

1. In case protection of the above-mentioned line should be necessary, that obligation shall fall exclusively on the Chinese Government, which shall not invite other powers to participate in its protection, construction, or working, nor allow other powers to occupy the territory evacuated by the Russians.

2. The completion and working of the above-mentioned line shall be conducted in strict accordance with the agreement between Russia and England of the 16th April, 1899, and the agreement with the private corporation respecting the loan for the construction of the line. And furthermore, the corporation shall observe its obligations not to enter into possession of or in any way to administer the Shanhaikwan-Newchwang-Sinminting line.

3. Should, in the course of time, extensions of the line in southern Manchuria, or construction of branch lines in connection with it, or the erection of a bridge in Newchwang, or the moving of the terminus there, be undertaken, these questions shall first form the subject of mutual discussion between the Russian and Chinese Governments.

4. In view of the fact that the expenses incurred by the Russian Government for the repair and working of the Shanhaikwan-NewchwangSinminting line were not included in the sum total of damages, the Chinese Government shall be bound to pay back the sum which, after examination with the Russian Government, shall be found to be due.

The stipulations of all former treaties between Russia and China' which are not affected by the present agreement shall remain in force.

The agreement shall have legal force from the day of its signature by the plenipotentiaries of both states.

The exchange of ratifications shall take place in St. Petersburg within three months from the date of the signature of the agreement.

For the confirmation of the above, the plenipotentiaries of the two contracting powers have signed and sealed two copies of the agreement in the Russian, French, and Chinese languages. Of the three texts, which, after comparison, have been found to correspond with each other, that in the French language shall be considered as authoritative for the interpretation of the agreement.

Done in Peking in duplicate, the 26th March (8th April), 1902.

TREATY AND ADDITIONAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN JAPAN AND CHINA RELATING TO MANCHURIA.1

Signed at Peking, December 22, 1905; Ratifications exchanged at Peking, Jan. 23, 1906.

His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and His Majesty the Emperor of China, desiring to adjust certain matters of common concern grow. ing out of the Treaty of Peace between Japan and Russia of September 5th, 1905, have resolved to conclude a treaty with that object in view and have for that purporse named their plenipotentiaries, that is to say: His Majesty the Emperor of Japan:

Baron Komura Jutaro, Jusammi, Grand Cordon of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Special Ambassador of his Majesty, and

Uchida Yasuya, Jushii, Second Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary; and

His Majesty the Emperor of China:

Prince Ching, Presiding Minister for Foreign Affairs, Councillor of State and Plenipotentiary of His Majesty,

Chu Hung-chi, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Councillor of State and Plenipotentiary of His Majesty, and

Yuan Shih-kai, Viceroy of the Province of Chilli, Junior Guardian of the Heir-Apparent, Minister Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Ports and Plenipotentiary of His Majesty;

Who, after having exchanged their full powers which were found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:

ARTICLE I.

The Imperial Chinese Government consent to all the transfers and assignments made by Russia to Japan by Articles V and VI of the Treaty of Peace above mentioned.

ARTICLE II.

The Imperial Japanese Government engage that in regard to the leased territory as well as in the matter of railway construction and exploitation, they will, so far as circumstances permit, conform to the

1 Rockhill, Supplement 1904-1908, p. 131.

original agreements concluded between China and Russia. In case any question arises in the future on these subjects, the Japanese Government will decide it in consultation with the Chinese Government.

ARTICLE III.

The present treaty shall come into full force from the date of signature. It shall be ratified by their Majesties the Emperor of Japan and the Emperor of China and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Peking as soon as possible, and not later than two months from the present date.

In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty in duplicate in the Japanese and Chinese languages and have thereto affixed their seals.

Done at Peking, this twenty-second day of the twelfth month of the thirty-eighth year of Meiji, corresponding to the twenty-sixth day of the eleventh moon of the thirty-first year of Kuang Hsü.

(Signed)

BARON KOMURA JUTARO, [L. S.] Jusammi, Grand Cordon of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Special Ambassador of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.

(Signed)

UCHIDA YASUYA, [L. S.]

Jushii, Second Class of the Imperial Order of the Rising Sun, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan.

Presiding Minister for Foreign Affairs, Councillor of State and Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China.

Minister for Foreign Affairs, Councillor of State and Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China.

Viceroy of the Province of Chihli, Junior Guardian of the Heir-Apparent, Minister Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Ports and Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the Emperor of China.

The Governments of Japan and China, with a view to regulate, for their guidance, certain questions in which they are both interested in Manchuria, in addition to those provided for in the treaty signed this day, have agreed as follows:

ARTICLE I.

The Imperial Chinese Government agree that as soon as possible after the evacuation of Manchuria by the Japanese and Russian forces, the following cities and towns in Manchuria will be opened by China herself as places of international residence and trade:

In the Province of Shingking:

Fenghwangcheng; Liaoyang; Hsinmintun; Tiehling; Tungkiangtzu and Fakumen.

In the Province of Kirin:

Changchun (Kuanchengtzu); Kirin; Harbin; Ninguta; Hunchun and Sanhising.

In the Province of Heilungkiang:

Tgitsihar; Hailar; Aihun and Manchuli.1

ARTICLE II.

In view of the earnest desire expressed by the Imperial Chinese Government to have the Japanese and Russian troops and railway guards in Manchuria withdrawn as soon as possible, and in order to meet this desire, the Imperial Japanese Government, in the event of Russia agreeing to the withdrawal of her railway guards, or in case other proper measures are agreed to between China and Russia, consent to take similar steps accordingly. When tranquility shall have been reestablished in Manchuria and China shall have become herself capable of affording full protection to the lives and property of foreigners, Japan will withdraw her railway guards simultaneously with Russia.

ARTICLE III.

The Imperial Japanese Government, immediately upon the withdrawal of their troops from any regions in Manchuria, shall notify the Imperial Chinese Government of the regions thus evacuated, and even within the period stipulated for the withdrawal of troops in the Additional Articles of the Treaty of Peace between Japan and Russia, the Chinese Government may send necessary troops to the evacuated regions of which they have been already notified as above mentioned,

1 On Sept. 10, 1906. T'ieh-ling, Tung-chiang-tzu and Fa-ku-men were declared open by China. On Oct. 8, 1906, Hsin-min-tun was opened; on Jan. 14, 1907, Chang-chun, Kirin, Harbin, and Tsitsihar. On June 28, 1907, Feng-huang cheng, Liao-yang, Ninguta, Hun-ch'un, Sanhsing, Hailar, and Aihun were opened.