Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative PsychologyH. Holt, 1914 - 439 strani |
Druge izdaje - Prikaži vse
Pogosti izrazi in povedi
adaptation amphibia Animal Intelligence anosmic apparatus appear arcs auditory behavior behaviorist birds bodily cage called chick cochlea color color vision complete corpora quadrigemina culs de sac curve door experimenter experiments fact fish frog function given green habit formation Hampton Court maze horse human imitation impulses instinctive intensity Jour kinæsthetic Krall language habits large number larvæ lateral line learning male mammals maze mechanism ment method monkeys monochromatic motor habits movements Muhamed muscles nerve nest normal number of trials objects observed obtained olfactory organs placed position present Psych psychology Purkinje effect raccoons react reaction receptors reflex reptiles response retina sense sensitivity sensory habits shown simple smell sound spectrum stimulating effect stimulating value stimulus tests tion tone trained animal vibrissæ vision visual wave-length white light white rat Yerkes Zarif
Priljubljeni odlomki
Stran xv - Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness.
Stran 163 - Again, it may be asked, how is it that varieties, which I have called incipient species, become ultimately converted into good and distinct species, which in most cases obviously differ from each other far more than do the varieties of the same species...
Stran 163 - ... we see beautiful adaptations everywhere and in every part of the organic world.
Stran 163 - ... offspring. The offspring, also, will thus have a better chance of surviving, for, of the many individuals of any species which are periodically born, but a small number can survive. I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term of Natural Selection, in order to mark its relation to man's power of selection.
Stran 153 - The many converging lines of evidence point so clearly to the central fact of the origin of the forms of life by an evolutionary process that we are compelled to accept this deduction, but as to almost all the essential features, whether of cause or mode, by which specific diversity has become what we perceive it to be, we have to confess an ignorance nearly total.
Stran 10 - What gives me hope that the behaviorist's position is a defensible one is the fact that those branches of psychology which have already partially withdrawn from the parent, experimental psychology, and which are consequently less dependent upon introspection are today in a most flourishing condition. Experimental pedagogy, the psychology of drugs, the psychology of advertising, legal psychology, the psychology of tests, and psychopathology are all vigorous growths. These are sometimes wrongly called...
Stran 163 - Owing to this struggle, variations, however slight and from whatever cause proceeding, if they be in any degree profitable to the individuals of a species in their infinitely complex relations to other organic beings and to their physical conditions of life, will tend to the preservation of. such individuals and will generally be inherited by the offspring.
Stran 5 - The time seems to have come when psychology must discard all reference to consciousness; when it need no longer delude itself into thinking that it is making mental states the object of observation.
Stran 26 - This suggested elimination of states of consciousness as proper objects of investigation in themselves will remove the barrier from psychology which exists between it and the other sciences. The findings of psychology become the functional correlates of structure and lend themselves to explanation in physico-chemical terms.
Stran 325 - put doll in box" when that act is executed. This is repeated over and over again. In the process of time it comes about that without any other stimulus than that of the box which originally called out only the bodily habits, he begins to say "box" when he sees it, "open box'