THE AMERICAN AND ENGLISH ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF LAW. MECHANICS' LIENS Upon Real Property (See WORKING CONTRACTS; for Lien Upon Personalty, see LIEN). 9. Railroads, 23. (a) Railroads Partly Within (b) Detached Portions, 27. 27. 10. Buildings, 27. (a) Public Buildings, 29. (c) Alterations, 33. (f) Removal of Building, 35. 11. Machinery, Fixtures, etc., 35. 12. Labor and Materials, 37. (a) Generally, 37: (b) Labor and Materials for (c) Running Accounts. 39. (e) Material Not Used, 41. men, 52. 3. The Lien Exists Where There Are Several Contractors, 55. 4. Relation of Material-man and Contractor, 55. 5. Persons Residing Out of State, 57. IV. Persons Entitled to Subject Property to Lien, 57. 1. Consent of Owner, 58. 2. Lessee, 59. 3. Married Women, 59. 4. Minors and Others, 60. 5. Administrators, 60. 6. Guardians, 60. (a) Ratification, 60. 7. Mortgagor, 61. 8. Mortgagee, 61. 9. Vendee, 61. 3. Averments of Contract, 158. 4. Description, 159. 5. Averments as to Notice and Filing Lien, 161. 6. Averments as to the Building, 161. 7. Averments as to the Amount Due, 162. 8. Averments as to Time, 163. 9. Bill of Particulars, 163. 10. Joint Petition, 164. 11. Mistake, 165. XIX. Parties, 165. 1. Owner and Contractor, 166. 2. Trustee and Cestui Que Trust, 167. 3. Principal and Agent, 167. 4. Husband and Wife, 167. 5. Other Claimants, 168. 6. Rights of Purchasers, 168. 7. Vendor, 169. 8. Assignor, 169. 9. Tenants in Common, 169. (a) Plaintiffs, 169. 11. Survivorship, 170. 12. Prior and Subsequent 172. XX. Pleading, 172. 1. Plea or Answer, 173. 2. Time of Filing Answer, 174. 3. When Answer Received as Evidence, 174. 4. Bad Pleas, 174. 5. Requisites of Good Plea, 174. 6. Payment, 175. 7. Defect in Proceedings, 175. 8. Stay of Proceedings, 175. 9. Effect of Nonsuit, 176. 10. Changing Form of Action, 176. 11. Consolidation of Suits, 176. 12. Default, 176. 13. New Trial, 176. 14. Trial by Fury, 176. XXI. Demurrers, 176. 3. Allegations of Time, 187. 4. Materials Not Actually Used, 187. 5. Promissory Notes in Evidence, 188. 6. Parol Evidence, 188. 7. Record of Notice, 189. 8. Original Entries, 189. 9. Admissions of Agents, 190. 10. Declarations of Owner, 190. II. Admissions of Contractor, 190. 12. Distribution of Proceeds, 190. 13. Conflicting Liens, 190. 15. General Charge on Evi- XXVI. Judgment, 191. 1. Operation of Judgment, 191. 2. Fudgment in Personam, 192. 3. Judgment in Rem, 193. 4. Fudgment Must Follow Statute, 193. 5. Judgment Should Correspond with Claim, 194. 6. Owner's Interest, 194. 7. Reforming Judgment, 195. 8. Judgment by Default, 195. 9. Judgment Against Separate Buildings, 195. I. DEFINITION.—The lien of a mechanic is a claim created by law for the purpose of securing a priority of payment of the price and value of work performed and materials furnished in erecting a building, and as such it attaches to the land as well as the buildings erected thereon.1 Of itself, it is a peculiar, particular and special remedy given by statute, founded and circumscribed by the terms of its own creation.2 It 1. Nature of the Lien.-The mechanics' lien has no recognition in the common law, and is altogether the creature of statute.3 exists on certain principles independent of any special contract.4 Where a contract is entered into by the parties it is not the contract which creates the lien under the statute, but it is the use of the materials furnished upon the premises, the putting of them 1. Carter v. Humboldt Fire Ins. Co., 12 Iowa 287, 292; Brown v. Story, 4 Metc. (Ky.) 316; Mochon v. Sullivan, I Mont. 470. A mechanics' lien is a charge authorized by statute to secure a priority of payment of a debt incurred by labor performed and materials furnished in erecting a building, and it is to be enforced as a means of compelling payment in the manner therein provided. Barrows v. Baughman, 9 Mich. 213, 217. 2. Copeland v. Kehoe, 67 Ala. 594. N.Y. leford v. Beck, 8o Va. 573; Reindollar v. Flickinger, 59 Md. 469; Willison v. Douglas, 66 Md. 99; Grant v. Vandercook, 57 Barb. (N. Y.) 165; Porter v. Miles, 67 Ala. 132; Tilford v. Wallace, 3 Watts (Pa.) 141; Roberts v. Fowler, 3 E. D. Smith (N. Y.) 632; Bottomly v. Rector etc. Grace Church, 2 Cal. 90; Rees v. Ludington, 13 Wis. 276; s. c., 80 Am. Dec. 741; White Lake Lumber Co. v. Russell, 22 Neb. 126; Mushlitt v. Silverman, 50 N. Y. 360; Grant v. Vandercook, 57 Barb. (N. Y.) 165; & Abb. Pr. N. S. 465. Proceedings to impose and enforce mechanics' liens have found no founda. tion in common law, but rest and must find support entirely upon the statutes authorizing them. Benton v. Wickwire, 54 N. Y. 226; Grant v. Vander. cook, 57 Barb. (N. Y.) 165; s. c., 8 Abb. (N. Y.) Pr. N. S. 455; Huxford v. Bogardus, 40 How. (N. Y.) Pr. 94. 4. Ehler's Admr. v. Elder, 51 Miss 495; Frost v. Ilsley, 54 Me. 345, 351; |