WILL-POWER AS RECORDED IN HISTORICAL PORTRAITS.-In some magazine article by Mr. Harry Furniss, which I came across not long ago, the author remarked that as a caricaturist he had observed that women of marked intellect had masculine-looking jaws. Great women singers, whose gift is physical, may have the lower part of the face feminine in type, but the other celebrities of their sex resemble men in this respect.

Is Mr. Furniss's opinion borne out by those historical portraits which are considered to be more accurate than flattering?

Further, do masculine portraits confirm the general belief that a heavy jaw indicates a commanding will?

Have the great men of action, whose special faculty is the power of compelling others to follow their lead, stronger jaws and chins than other gifted people with capacious skulls and highly organized brains?

Personally I have known a very weak jaw go with great tenacity, and on the contrary, have observed strong jaws whose possessors never got a hold on the wills they were anxious to guide.

It has yet to be discovered, I believe, how it is that certain men, without apparent effort, extort obedience from the rest of their world; while others, however right and reasonable, however steadfast to their point, are as impotent for good as Cassandra.

J. A. CALFHILL FAMILY.-In 1570 James Calfhill was nominated to the bishopric of Worcester, but died before consecration. In 1601 James Calfhill was curate (vicar) of Folkestone, Kent. Were they related?

gives the earliest account of the piper who went into an underground passage at Castle Bytham, in Lincolnshire, and was never seen again, although he could be heard playing on his pipes for some time?

If my memory does not deceive me, he is spoken of as a Scot in Wild's History of Castle Bytham'; but surely this is a modern error. Does not the tale come down to us from a time when Lincolnshire pipers were well known? What other versions of the story occur? I imagine the legend must be current in many parts of the British Islands.

G. T.

RIGGS. Under date of 12 July, 1666, Pepys records in his immortal 'Diary':

"With Sir W. Coventry into London to the office. And all the way I observed him mightily to make mirth of the Duke of Albemarle and his people about him, saying, that he was the happiest instruments. man in the world for doing of great things by sorry And so particularized in Sir W. Clerke, and Riggs, and Halsey, and others." Who and what was this Riggs?

In 1689 Ensign John Riggs brought to Lieut.-Governor Nicholson, of New York, the official announcement from England of the accession of William and Mary to the throne. Can any reader inform me who this E. FRANCIS RIGGS.

'CENSUS REPORT, 1851.'- Who was the

Sandgate.

R. J. FYNMORE.

author responsible for the historical part (vi-lxxix) of the 'Results and ObservaQ. V.

tions'?

ROBERT WESTON. I should be much obliged if any reader could help me to the birthplace and parentage of a Robert Weston, who was born 1740, and was steward of the manors of Christ Church, Duchy, and Windsor. He married a Jane Howard, of Brackley. His birthplace will probably be found in Oxfordshire or Northants. F. H. WESTON. Lastingham Vicarage, Sinnington, RS.O., Yorks. BRANDON, DUKE OF SUFFOLK.-Sir William Brandon, Knt., married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Wingfield, of Letheringham, M. P. for Suffolk, 6 Hen. VIII., by Elizabeth,

[The 'D.N.B.,' vi. 218, says that the Duke of Suffolk was son and heir of William Brandon, who was Henry VII.'s standard-bearer at Bosworth Field, and was killed by Richard III. in personal encounter. "This William, who with his brother Thomas had come with Henry out of Brittany does not appear to have been a knight, though called Sir William by Hall the chronicler, and thus some confusion has arisen between him and his father, Sir William Brandon, who survived him...... On 6 Feb., 1510, he [Charles] was made marshal of the king's bench, in the room of his uncle, Sir Thomas Brandon, recently deceased."]

GRINDLETON. Looking through back numbers of N. & Q,' I met with the review of 'Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum' (9th S. i. 199), in which the following remark occurs: "Students of the Beowulf' will notice the interesting place-names Grendles mere and Grindeles pytt."

Will some student of the 'Beówulf' assist me by explaining the meaning of Grendle or Grindele? If this is a personal name, is it A.-S. or Norse? It has been suggested to me that the village of Grindleton (West Riding) takes its name from the "Green Dale," a narrow valley in which is situated a small cotton factory named Greendale Mill. A connexion with the aforesaid Grindele seems more in accordance with the laws of euphony. FRED. G. ACKERLEY.

Grindleton Vicarage, Clitheroe.

Beylies.

LONDON NEWSPAPERS.
(10th S. iv. 510.)

THERE is no absolutely satisfactory work, bibliographical or historical, dealing with the London and provincial press of this country, but the under-mentioned will be found to cover the ground.

1. An admirable historical article on London journalism, with dates, prices, &c., is given in Book and News Trades Gazette, 26 January, 1901.

2. Although no chronological list is provided, valuable matter is contained in The

History of British Journalism from the Foundation of the Newspaper Press in T England to the Repeal of the Stamp Act, in 1855,' by Alexander Andrews, 2 vols. (London, Bentley, 1859).

3. The same is the case with English news papers: Chapters in the History of Journalism,' by H. R. Fox Bourne, 2 vols. (London, Chatto, 1887).

4. The Pictorial Press: its Origin and Progress,' by Mason Jackson (London, Hurst & Blackett, 1885), has really a wider scope than its title would indicate. It is, of course, specially useful in its treatment of woodblock engravings.

5. An unpretending, but excellent little volume, that cannot be neglected, is English Journalism, and the Men who have Made It,' by Charles Pebody-at one time, I think, of The Bristol Mirror, subsequently of The Yorkshire Post (London, Cassell, second ed., 1882).

1

6. The following is not well known, but will be found, on the whole, excellent: 'A Chronological List of Newspapers, from the Epoch of the Civil Wars,' forming Appendix No. 6 in The Life of Thomas Ruddiman, A.M.. the Keeper, for almost Fifty Years, of: the Library belonging to the Faculty of Advocates, Edinburgh,' by George Chalmers (London, 1794). The periods covered are:(a) List of newspapers, &c., 1640 Pp. 404-20.

1

59,

(b) Period of the Restoration, 1660-88, pp. 421-9.

(c) Period of the Revolution, 1688 - 91, PP. 430-2.

(d) Eighteenth century, pp. 432-7.

(e) English provincial papers (alphabetical by towns), pp. 437-41,

(f) Scottish papers in 1793, pp. 441-2.

Aberdeen.

P. L.

Early Newspapers of Modern Europe,' Chambers's Journal, vol. xli. p. 636. There is a list of London newspapers appearing in 1803 in The Picture of London for that year, pp. 240-7.

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

6, Elgin Court, Elgin Avenue, W.

KING NUTCRACKER' (10th S. iv. 508).—I have a translation of this book for children. It is not dated, but from my own memories I should say that the date of its appearance in my house is about 1850. The title-page is as follows:

"King Nut-cracker or the Dream of Poor Reinhold. A Fairy Tale for Children freely rendered from the German of Dr. Heinrich Hoffman [Author of Struwwelpeter'] by J. R. Planché, Esq. Author of The Golden Branch,' Island of Jewels,' etc. Leipsig Friedrich Volekmar. London William Tegg & Co. 85 Queen Street, Cheapside, London A. & S. Joseph, Myers & Co. 144 Leadenhall-Street." There are twenty-eight leaves, including the title-page, printed on one side only, each having its highly coloured picture or pictures. P. 25 has, after the coloured Struwwelpeter procession picture, one of the three boys who were dipped in the inkstand by "Tall Agrippa" (see 'Struwwelpeter'). This is, of course, in black ink. P. 26 has in addition to its coloured picture two little outline drawings.

The pictures appear to be the production of the artist who drew those in the betterknown 'Struw welpeter.' I have no doubt that they are German.

The following is Planché's rendering of the passage given by MR. HEBB:

Up spoke the king to his subjects around,-
The deluge is over long ago,

But though the wicked were then all drowned,
Naughty people are still to be found,
As Hoffman's pages plainly show."
As he spoke he waved his hand,
And forward came a well known band
Peter, with hair like horrid hedge hog;
Cruel Frederick, who whipped the dog
Silly Conrad, who sucks his thumbs;
With fidgetty Philip; behind him comes
Hans, who never looked where he was going-
And Robert, away with his umbrella blowing-
Caspar, who never his soup would drink,
And the rogues great Agrippa popped into the ink.
The preceding page is about a Noah's Ark
procession.

Picture Story Book, with Four Hundred Illustrations. The full-page illustrations are well coloured. It contains The History of Dame Mitchell and her Cat,' 'The History of a Nut-cracker,' and 'The Strange and Interesting Adventures of Prince Hempseed and his Little Sister.' The second story in its preface is called 'The Nut-cracker of Nuremberg,' and Hoffman is mentioned as its author. Probably this is Dr. Heinrich Hoffman. The story is a long one. A considerable part of it is The History of the Crackatook Nut and Princess Pirlipata,' told by Godfather Drosselmayer."

46

There is, I think, nothing but (probably) authorship and similarity of names to connect The Nut-cracker of Nuremberg' with 'King Nut-cracker; or, the Dream of Poor Reinhold.' ROBERT PIERPOINT.

St. Austin's, Warrington.

The expression seems certainly to have been “FROM PILLAR TO POST" (10th S. iv. 528).— ever its real origin; cf. Liberality and Proditaken to refer to the game of tennis, whatgality,' II. iv. (Hazlitt's 'Dodsley,' viii. 349):

iv.

Every minute tost, Like to a tennis-ball, from pillar to post. R. B. McKERROW. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10th S. 529).

win me

An original something, fair maid, you would To write-but how shall I begin? Thomas Campbell, To a Young Lady who asked me to write something original for her Album.' MARGARET PEET. [MR. E. YARDLEY also refers to Campbell.] MOZART (10th S. iv. 409).-I sent a copy of BROCKLEHURST's query to The Shrewsburg Chronicle, and the following appeared in that paper on 1 December:

"Mozart's 12th Mass.-A rather old copy of this work in my possession supplies an answer to the query which appeared lately in the London N. & Q.,' and which was quoted in your Notes and Queries of last week by Brocklehurst. In my copy, which has the date 1869 written under a former owner's name, appears the following printed note:-'In addition to the original Latin Words, an adapta tion to English Words has been added by R. G... Loraine, Esq.'

"AB YOLIN." HERBERT SOUTHAM.

possess one.

I have not seen a copy of this issue with a half-title, and Messrs. Sotheby have expressly stated in their catalogues that it did not A perfect copy of this issue contains at the end a leaf announcing, The London Magazine, and two leaves of advertisements of Taylor & Hessey's publications. After a certain number of copies had been issued the original title-page was cancelled, and the following substituted :

"Elia. Essays which have appeared under that signature in the London Magazine. London : | Printed for Taylor and Hessey, 93, Fleet Street, | and 13, Waterloo Place. | 1823.'

This issue possesses a half title, which is rarely found in bound copies. My own copy has at the end the announcement of The London Magazine. In his fine edition of Lamb, Mr. E. V. Lucas gives a facsimile of this second title-page, but not of the first. From the label on the back of the volume we learn that the published price of 'Elia' was 9s. 6d. W. F. PRIDEAUX.

CROCKFORD'S (10th S. iv. 489).—In addition to the articles mentioned in the 'D.N.B., notices of Crockford appeared in The Gaming House Expositor, 1825-6; The London Magazine, February, 1828; Baily's Magazine, November, 1888, and February, 1891; and in many letters to The Times about the year

1824.

for all such as are studious in the Art Military. By William Barriff. Psal. 144. 1. Blessed be the Lord my strength which teacheth my hands to warre, Thomas Harper, for Ralph Mab, 1635." and my fingers to fight. London, Printed by

The first and third editions lie before me, and contain 326 and 421 pages respectively, so that I am afraid your correspondent's copy is very incomplete. The third edition has a Dawson, and are to be sold by Andrew still longer title, and was "printed by John Crooke, at the signe of the Green Dragon in Pauls Church-yard, 1643." The title page in both editions is preceded by a portrait of the author and the arms of the Honourable Artillery Company. It is interesting to note that the portrait has been brought up to date

in the later edition.

EDWARD M. BORRAJO. The Library, Guildhall, E.C.

Capt. W. Bariffe (or Barriffe) was the author of this book. It is quoted in Clifford Walton's 'History of the British Army.' About a year ago Messrs. Maggs offered a copy of the edition of 1661, in the original calf, for 21. 10s.

I have a copy of the second edition of Military Discipline, or the Art of War,' London, 1689, in which reference is made to "Barriff." W. S.

'Military Discipline 'is by William Barriffe. It passed through six editions in twenty-six years. See my 'Bib. Military Books up to M. J. D. COCKLE. 1642, No. 133.

Walton-on-Thames.

OSCAR WILDE BIBLIOGRAPHY (10th S. iv. 266).-I possess The Harlot's House' in one of my scrap-books, and I am firmly of the opinion that the poem originally appeared in a sixpenny weekly publication called Life, about the years 1877-80. It is a very powerful poem of twelve stanzas. S. J. A. F.

BOWES OF ELFORD (10th S. iv. 408, 457).— In the quotation from Surtees's 'History of Durham,' "the collateral descendants of Sir Jerome Bowes were of Elford, in Suffolk," is not Suffolk a misprint for Staffordshire, in which county Elford is situate?

NORTH MIDLAND.

a fragment torn from a copy of 'Poor Robin's Almanac,' but of what year it is impossible to tell except by collation with a perfect copy. The edition of 1688 contains a parody of the Church of England calendar, in which the names of regicides and other persons occur who were obnoxious to the popular sentiment of the time. The " 'Ransborough" in the present fragment is, there cannot be a doubt, a misspelling of the surname of Col. Thomas Rainborowe, a noteworthy officer both on sea and land, and a man prominent among the independent section of the army, who was killed at Doncaster, by a body of desperate men from the Royalist garrison in Pontefract Castle, on 29 October, 1648. Whether the deed was done in revenge for the execution of Lucas and Lisle on the surrender of Colchester, or whether it arose out of a desire to make Rainborowe a prisoner for the purpose of exchanging him for the Royalist leader Sir Marmaduke Langdale, who was a captive at the time in Nottingham Castle, will probably ever remain a matter of doubt. It was regarded by the Parliamentarians not as legitimate warfare, but as murder.

The Library, Guildhall, E.C.

ARCHBISHOP KEMPE (10th S. iv. 348, 434).-— COL. PRIDEAUX refers to a paper on the memorials of persons buried in the church of All Hallows, Barking, by Messrs. Corner and Nichols, in the Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archæological Society (1862), ii. 245. As I am not able to see those Transactions, will COL. PRIDEAUX kindly inform me if Archbishop Kempe had any special connexion-and if so, what-with All Hallows, Barking? G. LAYCOCK BROWN.

Edinbro Cottage, Heworth, York.

J. PITTS, PRINTER (10th S. iv. 469).-This may be the "Mr. Pitts" whose character is given by Dunton in his 'Life and Errors.' See Nichols's edition, 1818, vol. i. p. 233.

WM. H. PEET.

CHURCH SPOONS (10th S. iv. 468).-In Lee's 'Directorium Anglicanum' directions are given that a perforated spoon should always be kept on the credence in order to remove a fly or spider which might fall into the

chalice after consecration. In such a contingency the insect should be "warily taken," then, "washed between the fingers, and should then be burnt, and the ablution, together with the burnt ashes, must be put in the piscina." I know the spoons wellthere were several in a lot of old family plate which was divided amongst us many years ago-and always heard them described as "mulberry spoons," being intended, as I was told, to sprinkle each fruit with a little sugar, and then take it up on the spiked end. E. E. STREET.

Chichester.

I possess a spoon like the one described. The bowl is pierced, and it ends in a spike. It is about five and a half inches in length. There is a half-obliterated "lion" mark, but no date-letter. I have heard this called a mulberry spoon. You sift the sugar on the mulberry by the bowl, impale it on the spike, and lift it to the mouth. I do not think there was ever anything ecclesiastical about it: an engraved crest precludes this idea. Are such spoons common in churches? If it was to catch flies, why is the bowl pierced? To kill a fly with the spike would be no easy task. G. F. BLANDford.

LOOPING THE LOOP: FLYING OR CENTRIFUGAL RAILWAY: WHIRL OF DEATH (10th S. iv. 65, 176, 333, 416, 474).—I have a copy of the original handbill of the Centrifugal Railway, which is identical with that given by MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS at 9th S. xi. 337, except that the show is stated, with greater precision, to be held "at Dubourg's Exhibition of Wax-Work, Great Windmill Street, Haymarket." At the top of the bill is a cut of the railway, showing a car containing a passenger commencing the descent at one end, another head downwards at the top of the" Vertical Circle," and a third at the other end having just finished the ascent. I think MR. THOMAS WHITE has hit on the usual pronunciation-Centrifugal. In the early